copernicus he believed in a heliocentric solar system rather than geocentric solar system. in other...

Key Concepts• Absolutism• Bill of Rights• Charles I• Checks and Balances• Constitutional

Monarchy• Declaration of

Independence• English Civil War• Enlightenment• Estates General• Federal System• Geocentric Theory

• Glorious Revolution• Great Fear• Guillotine • Habeas Corpus• Heliocentric Theory• Intendants• Ivan the Terrible• John Locke• Louis XIV• Louis XVI• Marie Antoinette• Montesquieu

• Napoleon Bonaparte• National Assembly• Oliver Cromwell• Peter the Great• Reign of Terror• Rousseau• Scientific Method• Scientific Revolution• Social Contract• Tennis Court Oath• Voltaire• Westernization

A New World OrderWorld History

Standards• SSWH11 Students will investigate political and social changes in Japan and in China from the seventeenth century CE to mid-nineteenth century CE. • SSWH13 The student will examine the intellectual, political, social, and economic factors that changed the world view of Europeans. • SSWH14 The student will analyze the Age of Revolutions and Rebellions.

The Intellectual, Political, Social, and Economic Factors that Changed the World view of Europeans (SSWH13)

What is the difference between the following images?

The Scientific Contributions of (SSWH13a)

• Copernicus• He believed in a

heliocentric solar system rather than geocentric solar system. • In other words, he

believed the earth revolved around the sun. This challenged the Catholic Church‘s teaching that the earth was the center of the solar system.


• Galileo• Through the use of a

newly developed telescope Galileo Galilei was able to prove Copernicus‘s theory of a heliocentric solar system.


• Johannes Kepler• He was an

astronomer who believed that the planets in the solar system moved in an elliptical orbit around the sun.


• Sir Isaac Newton• He is considered the

father of Calculus, which became the mathematical language of science.• He is famous for his laws

of gravity and motion which explained many aspects of the physical world. • He proved Kepler‘s

elliptical orbit theory through mathematics.

How these ideas changed the European world view (SSWH13a)

• The Scientific Revolution• The Scientific Revolution was a period of time

in which many discoveries were made in science and philosophy, as well as human perception of the universe and their role in it changed forever.


• Positives of Scientific Revolution• Gain of knowledge• Less superstitions and more scientific answers• People felt they could control their own destiny


• Negatives of Scientific Revolution• Loss of innocence• Loss of personal/caring God.• Science no longer based on the Bible or

ancient scientist.

Japan and in China from the Seventeenth Century

CE to Mid-Nineteenth Century CE. (SSWH11)

Chinese Under the Qing Rulers (SSWH11a)• The Qing•Outside invaders from Manchu•Mid 1600’s, they take control of China.

What do the following images tell you about the China under the Qing Dynasty?

Chinese Under the Qing Rulers (SSWH11a)•Kangxi and the Qing Dynasty• Kangxi ruled from 1661 to 1722 (61 years)• Expands army to protect and expand China.• Supported the Arts (Kangxi Dictionary)• Kangxi’s Qing Dynasty starts the Golden Age of China.• Foreign counties begin to trade with China: Great Britain, Germany, United States and others.

What is the artist trying to summarize with the following image?

•Social Structure• Society was paternalistic, with strong emphasis on the man’s role in the family•Much of Chinese social structure was based on Confucianism.

FILIAL PIETY

Chinese Population Growth and Social Structure (SSWH11b)

•Population Growth•Qing rule brought China a long period of peace and stability in its history• This led to a rapid increase in population • Population doubles (from 1749 to 1811)• Population increase leads to remarkable changes in Chinese Agriculture.

Chinese Population Growth and Social Structure (SSWH11b)

Why do you think Japan was unsuccessful as a country?

•Oda Nobunaga (1534-1582)• Japan consisted of a number of feudal states• Oda, attempts to unify Japan under the shogunate in the late 16th century.• His leadership lead to the eventual unification of Japan under other Tokugawa leaders.

Japanese Under the Rule of Tokugawa (SSWH11a)

Japanese Population Growth and Social Structure (SSWH11b)

• Society• Feudal system (like Europe)• Strict class (hierarchy) ranking• Samurai: Warrior class• Fishermen or Farmers• Artisans• Traders or Merchants

• Between 1600 and the Mid 1800’s, Japan remains isolated from the rest of the world.

Japanese Population Growth and Social Structure (SSWH11b)• Population Growth• Tokugawa rule brought Japan the longest period of

peace and stability in its history, lasting 200 yrs.• The peace leads to population growth, an increase

in urbanization, and cultural growth.

Review Questions1. How did Kangxi rule for such a long period in China?2. Describe the social structure of China…3. How did population growth impact China?4. How did Oda Nobunaga impact the Tokugawa rulers

of Japan?5. How did population growth impact Japan?6. Describe the social structure of Japan…

The Intellectual, Political, Social, and Economic

Factors that Changed the World view of Europeans

(SSWH13)

The Social Contract

Government(The King)

The People

Give Power

Misuse of Power

Protect Their Rights

Replace or Overthrow

What rights should a Free Human have?

The Major Ideas of the Enlightenment from the Writings of (SSWH13b)

• John Locke (England): • (England) believed in natural rights and the Social Contract• Natural Rights: life, liberty, and property (in

America )the pursuit of happiness. • Social Contract: If government does not meet the

needs of the people, then the people have a right to overthrow the government or break the contract• His work on governance heavily influenced the

writers of the Declaration of Independence.

“And I will do everything that I can as long as I am President of the United States to remind the American people that we are one nation under God, and we may call that God different names but we remain one nation.”


• Voltaire (French)• A writer known to support social

reform.• Wrote in defense of civil liberties,

freedom of religion and free trade.• His works influence the important

thinkers of both the American and French Revolutions.• “I disapprove of what you say,

but I will defend to the death your right to say it.”


• Montesquieu• Created the idea of the

Separation of Powers• He believed in three separate

branches of government.• He created the idea of Checks

and Balances.


• Jean- Jacques Rousseau (French) • Argued in favor of a social contract, allowing government to exist and rule only by consent of the people being governed. •His philosophies influence the French Revolution.• “I prefer liberty with danger than peace with slavery.”

The Age of Revolutions and Rebellions (SSWH14)

What is the artist trying

to summarize

with the following image?

Absolutism (SSWH14a)

• Absolutism: A political system in which a ruler holds total power.• Tied to the divine right of kings• Divine right held that

monarchs were granted their right to rule by God.• Rulers tried to maintain strong

armies• High taxes to support frequent

wars.

Three Absolute Rulers (SSWH14a)

• Louis XIV (1643-1713):• French Ruler• Weakened the power of

the nobles• Ended feudalism in

France• Encouraged the Arts and

Education• Fought 3 major wars to

expand French power.

Three Absolute Rulers (SSWH14a)

• Tsar Peter the Great (1689-1725):• Russian Ruler• Expanded Russian Military and

creates Navy• Continues Serfdom• Serfdom differs from slavery

because labors are bound to the land only.• Encourages Western Europe style

art and architecture

Three Absolute Rulers (SSWH14a)• Tokugawa Ieyasu:• Japanese Ruler• Brought centralized form

of government to Japan• Large estates of the

daimyo were broken up and take over by the Tokugawa family.• Opened trade with the

Portuguese

Review Questions1. Define Enlightenment2. What was the significance of the Enlightenment writer John

Locke?3. What was the significance of the Enlightenment writer

Voltaire?4. What was the significance of the Enlightenment writer

Rousseau?5. Define Absolutism form of Government6. What was the significance of the rule of Louis XIV?7. What was the significance of the rule of Tsar Peter the Great?8. What was the significance of the rule of Tokugawa Ieyasu?

The Glorious Revolution

Catholics vs Protestants (Quakers, Baptist,

Presbyterians,

Anglican)

The Glorious Revolution

Protestants (Quakers,

Baptist, Presbyteria

ns, Anglican)

WIN

England (1689), Glorious Revolutions (SSWH14b)•Causes of Revolution

1. The English monarchy was stripped of its unlimited authority and governmental control was placed in the hands of the Parliament, a representative assembly, when King James II was overthrown in 1688.

2. Framed against the background of the religious wars between Catholics and Protestants, James’ England was invaded by Dutch forces under the control of William and Mary.

England (1689), Glorious Revolutions (SSWH14b)• Results of Revolution

1. When William successfully overthrew James, Parliament wrote the English Bill of Rights in 1689 establishing England as a constitutional monarchy instead of an absolute monarchy.

2. The English Bill of Rights formed the basis for the American Bill of Rights

United States (1776), American Revolution (SSWH14b)

• Causes of the American Revolution1. To prevent colonist from future wars with the Native Americas,

the British created the Proclamation of 1763, which upset the Colonist because they could not settle any territory beyond the Appalachian Mountains.

2. In order to help the British pay for the French and Indian War, the British imposed taxes on the Colonist.

3. Stamp Act and the Intolerable Acts• The Stamp Act required colonist to pay a tax on paper

goods.• The Intolerable Acts closed the Boston Harbor and allowed

British troops to quarter in the homes of the colonist.

United States (1776), American Revolution (SSWH14b)• Thomas Jefferson writes the Declaration of

Independence, which was inspired by the writing of John Locke.• The Declaration of Independence explains the

philosophical and legal reasons for seeking independence from Britain, and ends with the conclusion that the only way for America to have their rights restored is by controlling their own government.• With the help of the French, the United States defeats

and forces Britain to surrender at the Battle of Yorktown.

United States (1776), American Revolution (SSWH14b)• Result of the American Revolution

1. The 1783 Treaty of Paris officially ends the American Revolution.

2. The United States won its independence from Great Britain and gained control of land stretching to the Mississippi River.

The French Revolution


King and Estates General fail to give more rights to the common man (Third

Estate)

France (1789), French Revolution (SSWH14b)• Causes of the French Revolution

1. Enlightenment ideas from Locke, Voltaire and Rousseau.2. The tax margin between rich (nobility and clergy) and

poor was very extreme. 3. The Estates General (Congress) and Louis promised to

double the vote of the common people against the votes of the clergy and nobility.

4. When he failed to do this, the Third Estate (common people in the Estates General) rebelled and took the Tennis Court Oath that they would be the national assembly and would not separate until a constitution is established.

France (1789), French Revolution (SSWH14b)• Result of the French Revolution

1. France got a constitution in 1791, but the Reign of Terror began, and tens of thousands of people were executed, mainly nobility and clergy.

2. Eventually, France becomes a constitutional republic; however, the stability of the nation was precarious, and the French government lacked respect and leadership.

3. Thus, Napoleon entered the scene and eventually established the French Empire.

French Revolution Review

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VEZqarUnVpo

Review Questions1. List two causes of the Glorious Revolution?2. List two results of the Glorious Revolution?3. List three causes of the American Revolution?4. List two results of the American Revolution?5. List four causes of the French Revolution?6. List three results of the French Revolution?

Haitian Revolution

Haiti (1791), Haitian Revolution (SSWH14b)

• Causes of the Haitian Revolution1. Haiti (Saint Dominique) was controlled by

France, who imposed strict mercantilist policies and used slavery as their source of labor.

2. In France the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen is created, which raised the issue of slavery not only for France, but also for Haiti.

Haiti (1791), Haitian Revolution (SSWH14b)• Results of the Haitian Revolution

1. In August 1791, a large slave uprising occurred, and within a year, the entire island was in revolution.

2. In April 1794, the French government proclaimed the equality of all free people in the colonies, including blacks, but this did not end slavery there.

3. Eventually, France loses Haiti and slave rebellions start to spread throughout the Western Hemisphere.

Latin American Revolution

Glorious Revolution, American

Revolution, French

Revolution, Haitian

Revolution

Latin American Revolution

Latin America (1808-1825) (SSWH14b) •Causes of Latin American Revolutions

1. The Latin American revolutions spawned after the successful American and French revolutions.

2. The revolutions evolved around the issues of mercantilism, slavery, and self-government.

3. Independence movements throughout Latin America were led by Simon Bolivar, who believed in the self-government of the Spanish colonies.

Latin America (1808-1825) (SSWH14b) • Results of Latin American Revolutions• Bolivar established the Gran-Colombia, which

encompassed Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Panama, and small pieces of several other Latin American countries. • The Gran-Colombia was a federal republic, Bolivar‘s

dream of a Latin American state, which lasted until 1830, when it dissolved after Bolivar resigned. • Mexico, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru,

Argentina, Chile, Brazil, and Bolivia become independent countries.

Napoleon (SSWH14c)• His Rise to Power: • Napoleon rose to power

in France through a coup that overthrew the constitutional government. • He instituted many

positive changes in France such as higher education and a system of civil law called the Napoleonic Code.

Napoleon (SSWH14c)

Napoleon (SSWH14c)• His Rise to Power: • To counter the plans by several factions in France to overthrow his government, Napoleon reinstituted hereditary monarchy in France by declaring himself Emperor. • The significance of Napoleon‘s rule includes the establishment of a modern secular state in France and the development of modern warfare. • His military might in Europe motivated other European nations to ally with each other and laid the foundation for many of today‘s international systems.

What country should Napoleon try to conquer?

Napoleon (SSWH14c)• The Role of Geography in his Defeat• In 1812 the Napoleon invaded Russia.• Russia defeats Napoleon’s army as a result of the harsh winter in Russia.

Napoleon (SSWH14c)• The Consequences of France’s Defeat for Europe •Napoleon is defeated by European armies in 1814 and in 1815. •His final defeat was at the Battle of Waterloo.

Napoleon (SSWH14c)• The Consequences of France’s Defeat for Europe • The revolutionary ideas of France are finally

defeated.• The revolutionary ideas begin to spread throughout

Europe.• Eventually, these ideas lead to the removal of other

absolutist rulers throughout Europe.

Review Questions1. List two causes of the Haitian Revolution?2. List three results of the Haitian Revolution?3. List two causes of the Latin American Revolution?4. List two results of the Latin American Revolution?5. What was the significance of Napoleonic Code?6. How did geography play a role in the defeat of

Napoleon?7. How did Napoleon’s defeat impact the rest of

Europe?

The Westernization of China and Japan

Chinese with Westerners (SSWH14d)• The Opium War• The Qing Dynasty lifted Chinese trade restrictions

with foreign countries.• Chinese tea, silk, and porcelain became the center

of trade.

Chinese with Westerners (SSWH14d)

• The Opium War• Britain traded silver to the

Chinese in exchange for goods.• Britain starts selling Indian

Opium to the Chinese• Once the Chinese are addicted

to Opium, they start selling the silver back to Britain.

Chinese with Westerners (SSWH14d)• The Opium War• In 1838, China blocks the opium trade with Britain and the Opium War begins.• Britain wins the Opium War (Treaty of Nanking signed)• China is forced to open its ports to foreign countries and made Hong Kong a British colony.

Chinese with Westerners (SSWH14d)• The Taiping Rebellion• The Taiping Rebellion was a civil war against the Qing Dynasty.• The Chinese people

wanted more social reforms, women’s rights, land distribution and incorporation of Christianity.

Chinese with Westerners (SSWH14d)• The Taiping Rebellion• The rebellion was put down by the Chinese army.• Importance: Chinese people attempt to bring

down the Feudal Qing Dynasty.

Japanese and Westerners (SSWH14d)•Commodore Perry • Japanese ports were only open to the Dutch and Chinese.•Commodore Perry and the U.S. Navy arrive in Japan in 1853

Japanese and Westerners (SSWH14d)•Commodore Perry • The Japanese realize they can’t defend themselves against the Americans and their steam powered ships.• Commodore Perry gets the Japanese to sign a treaty opening up trade with the United States and the rest of the world.

Review Questions1. Describe the Opium War2. How did the Opium War impact China?3. Describe the Taiping Rebellion4. How did the Taiping Rebellion impact China?5. Who was Commodore Perry?6. How did Commodore Perry and the U.S. Navy impact

Japan?

copernicus he believed in a heliocentric solar system rather than geocentric solar system. in other...

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scientific answerspeople

physical world

world view of europeans

heliocentric solar system

geocentric solar system

control of china

qing dynastykangxi

midnineteenth century