word or phrase part of spe

acted illegally phrase

business environment nounheavily regulated phrase

impressive and symbolic order nounincreasingly globalised phrase

invested heavily phrase

largely monopolised phrase

legal and technical monopoly noun

monopoly noun

natural monopoly noun

oligopoly noun

perfect competition noun

political and economic agenda noun

sustainable and profitable growth noun

conversely adverb

genetically modified adjective

massive adjective

organic adjectivepurchase verb

reconsidering present partici

shape verb

shortages noun plural

consumer electronics noun

food and drink noun

health and beauty noun

home care noun

home electrical noun

supermarket retail noun

Socio-cultural adjective

Technological adjective

Economic adjective

Environmental adjective

Political adjective

annual base salary noun

comparison companies noun plural

compensation programme noun

customer retention rates noun plural

difficult to incentivise phrase

equity-based awards noun plural

financial incentive noun

incentive bonus noun

incentivise investment in phrase

income noun

increased shareholder value nounnew product revenue nounoperating cash flow noun

operating profit nounpay verb

pay noun

pay cut noun

payment noun

performance-related pay noun

remuneration noun

reward verb

reward noun

salary noun

short-term cash incentives noun plural

stretch goals / stretch targets noun plural

wage noun

convergence nouncreativity noun

divergence nounimagination noun

implementation noun

innovation noun

interaction noun

invention nounatmosphere at work noun

budgets noun plural

departments noun plural

dress code noun

expense accounts noun plural

norms noun plural

organisational structures noun plural

personality noun

procedures noun plural

reward systems noun plural

role culture noun

rules noun plural

task culture noun

values noun plural

competence noun

dignity noun

face nounidentity noun

rapport noun

social inclusion noun

sociality rights noun plural

at the coalface phrase

crave the limelight phrasegut-wrenching adjective

peter out phrasal verbrun into trouble phrase

tackle the thorny issues phrase

take root idiom

windows of opportunity noun plural

brief overview noun

cut costs phrase

encourage teamwork phrase

engaging the stakeholders phrase

gather information phrase

increase confidence phrase

initial adjective

pilot (the solution) verb

put (a plan) into practice phrase

requirements noun plural

screen out unwanted projects phrase

slash delivery times phrase

undertake (a feasibility study) verb

4Cs noun plural

4Ps noun plural

bricks and clicks operator noun

bricks retailer noun

communication with the customer phrase

convenience to the customer phrase

cost to the customer phrase

customer relationship marketing noun

customer wants and needs noun plural

customer’s perspective noun

database marketing noun

dot.com adjective

dot.com noune-retail shop noun

e-tailer noun

marketing mix noun

multi-channel retailer noun

physical store noun

producer’s perspective noun

pure play noun

retail outlet noun

search engine optimisation noun

social media marketing noun

target consumers noun pluralvirtual store noun

web optimisation noun

asset noun

attributed to phrasal verb

beyond preposition

boost verb

brand awareness noun

brand equity noun

brand extension noun

brand image noun

brand positioning noun

brand repositioning noun

extensions noun plural

gross revenues noun plural

licensed brand noun

luxury brand noun

manufacturer’s brand noun

own brand noun

perceptions noun plural

transmit verbaffordable adjective

iconic adjective

inspirational adjective

physical adjectiverelaxed adjectiveto be inspired by phrase

uncomplicated adjectiveunmistakable features noun plural

versatile adjective

vibrant adjectivecatering nouncentral costs noun plural

depreciation noun

direct costs noun plural

fixed costs noun plural

indirect costs noun plural

insurance noun

interest noun

maintenance noun

navigation noun

overheads noun

variable costs noun plural

capitalise on phrasal verb

collateral noun

entities noun plural

envision verb

guarantor noun

household-based entrepreneurs noun plural

incentive noun

incentivise verb

payee noun

payment noun

penalty noun

population density noun

repayment noun

requirement noun

sustainably adverb

destitute adjective

to guarantee verbto pay verbto pay back verbto penalise verbto repay verb

amount of interest noun

bluff verb

box-ticking exercise noun

compelled adjective

conscious of adjective

deception noun

focus on the impact phrase

generated past participle

impact on noun

incorporated within the strategy phrase

integrated into the company phrase

look at phrasal verb

mindful of adjective

primary purpose noun

procurement policies noun plural

stakeholders noun plural

transparent in adjectivevast adjective

well-being noun

work–life balance nounconduct verb

consult verb

develop verbdeviate verbensure verb

evaluate verb

implement verb

monitor verbspecify verb

definition

did something in a way not allowed by law

controlled by rules or laws to a great degree

operating internationally more and more

mainly controlled or dominated

in an opposite way

very large in size or amount

to buy something

thinking about changing a decision or a plan

the conditions that organisations operate in and the way that they influence how the organisations operate

a special and important request from a customer for goods or services

put a lot of money, effort, time, etc. into something in order to improve it or get an advantage

a situation in which a government gives the right to provide particular goods or services to one company, and in which the company is the only one with the knowledge, machines or methods to provide the goods or services

a situation in which one company or person or a government has no competition in the sale of a particular product or service and is able to control its supply and price

a situation in which one company is able to supply the whole market for a product or service more cheaply than two or more companies could

a situation in which only a small number of companies are involved in producing a particular type of goods or in providing a particular type of service. The group of companies itself is also referred to as an oligopoly.

a situation where the sellers of a product or service are free to compete fairly, and sellers and buyers have complete information

the political and economic things that a person or organisation considers to be important and wants to solve or achieve, or their reasons for wanting to do those things

an increase in the ability of an economy or business to produce goods and services which results in a profit or an advantage and is able to continue at the same level for a period of time

describes a plant or animal that has had some of its genes changed scientifically

relating to growing food or other products without using artificial chemicals

to decide or influence the form of something, especially a belief or idea, or someone's character

one of the STEEP factors, relating to the environment

one of the STEEP factors, relating to politics

not easy to make someone want to do something

to make someone want to put money into something

situations in which there is less of something than people want or need

used to describe the industry or a company focussed on electronic products that are bought by people for their own use

used to describe the industry or a company focussed on food and drink

used to describe the industry or a company focussed on health and beauty products and services, such as cosmetics, hair care products, medicines etc.used to describe the industry or a company focussed on products for house and garden cleaning and maintenance

used to describe the industry or a company focussed on electrical products in the home such as laptops, TVs, mobiles and PCs.used to describe the industry or a company focussed on selling to consumers through supermarkets

one of the STEEP factors, relating to forces within society such as family, friends, colleagues, neighbours and the mediaone of the STEEP factors, relating to modern technology and its influence on business, industry, etc.one of the STEEP factors, relating to trade, industry, and money

the amount of money that someone earns every year in their job, not including any extra payments they may receivecompanies that are trying to compete with others in a particular market the system of payment and benefits that an employee receives for doing their job the percentage of customers kept for a defined period of time

an amount of money paid by a company to an employee as an increase in income or as a special payment for success, which is connected to the value of shares in the company money that encourages a person or organisation to do something

an amount of money given to an employee in addition to their salary that encourages the employee to do something

money earned by a person, company, government, etc. over particular period of time

the money received from new products or servicescash generated from operating activities

to give money to someone for work that they have done

the money you receive for doing a job

a reduction in the money you receive for doing a job

pay that is based on how well someone does their job

the production or use of original and unusual ideas

the ability to think of new ideas

the character, feeling or mood of a workplace

better returns for shareholders or maximisation of share value

a company's profit from its normal business activities, not including any earned from investments or sales of assets, calculated by taking operating expenses away from gross income

an amount of money that has been paid or is expected to be paid

payment for work that has been done or services that have been providedto give a person, company, or organisation money or other advantages because they have been successfulmoney that someone earns for doing a job, especially when this is a very large amount

the total amount of money that an employee is paid every year to do their job, or one of the payments they receive each month as part of thisamounts of money paid over short periods of time that encourage a person to do something

high and difficult levels of success that an employee must achieve if they are to be considered to be doing their job in a satisfactory wayan amount of money that is paid, usually every week, to an employee for their workthe movement of ideas and opinions to the same point (they become similar)

a situation in which two things become different, or the difference between them increases

the act of putting a plan into action or of starting to use somethingthe use or development of new products, designs, or ideasa situation where two or more people or things communicate with each other or react to each anothera product or a way of doing something which has never been made or never existed before

the amounts of money you are allowed to spend for particular purposes

parts of a large organisation, such as a company or university, that deal with a particular area of work, business, study, etc.

the distinct personality of an individual

what members of society expect they are entitled to

seek public attention and interestmaking you feel very uncomfortable

to gradually stop or disappearto begin to experience difficulties

an accepted way of dressing for a particular occasion or in a particular situationarrangements in which your employer pays for the things you need to buy while doing your job accepted standards, or ways of behaving or doing things that most people agree with

ways in which a large company or organisation is organised, for example, the types of relationships that exist between managers and employees the type of person you are, which is shown by the way you behave, feel, and thinksets of actions which are the usual or official way of doing something

systems used by companies where employees who achieve particular results are paid more or get other advantages

a kind or organisational culture which can be pictured as a Greek temple, where the columns represent the departments and the roof above represents senior management. This culture is suited to stable environments or environments where the organisation has a lot of market power.

accepted principles or instructions that state the way things are or should be done, and tell you what you are allowed or are not allowed to do

a kind or organisational culture which is job- or project-orientated. It is a team culture, characterised by high levels of cooperation and fast-decision-making.

the beliefs that people have about what is right, wrong, and most important in life, business, etc. which control their behaviourthe ability in a given field or the ability to do something wellcalm, serious and controlled behaviour that makes people respect youthe positive self-image that we have or the respect and honour of others

a good understanding of someone and an ability to communicate well with themthe access we have to social networks or feel part of the rest of society

doing the work involved in a job, in real working conditions, rather than planning or talking about it

to try to deal with the problems or subjects which are difficult to deal with

to make people more likely to work together as a team

happening at the beginning

what is wanted or needed by someone

to not accept projects that do no fit certain criteria

If an idea, belief or system takes root somewhere, it starts to be accepted thereshort periods in between other activities when there is a chance to do something a short description of something which provides general information about it, but no detailsto reduce the money that a company or organisation has to spend regularly

interesting the people who are involved in or buy from a business or have an interest in its success in something, and keeping them thinking about itto collect facts or details about a person, company, product etc., often from different places or people

to have more trust that things will work well or behave as you expect, or become more certain of your own ability to do things well

to test (a solution) over a short period to see whether it is worth developing and investing into make (a plan) an action as opposed to thoughts or ideas

to suddenly reduce by a large amount the amount of time that it takes for goods that have been bought to arrive at the place where they are wanted

to do or begin to do (an investigation carried out by a company or other organisation that examines whether a planned business activity or project is likely to be successful)

four subjects to consider when selling a product or service, which are more consumer-oriented than the 4Ps: convenience for the customer, customer wants and needs, cost to the customer, communication with the customer

the four main subjects to consider when selling a product or service: product (= what to sell), price, place (= where to sell it), and promotion (=advertising, etc.) a business that operates in a building and over the Internet

a traditional retailer that operates in a building or buildings, when compared to one that operates over the Internet

one of the four parts of the 4Cs, involving two-way communication between the customer and the supplier, in contrast to one of the four parts of the 4Ps, promotion, which suggests one-way communication.

the customer's way of considering something

a company that does most of its business on the Internetan online store

a business that uses the Internet to sell its products

a real store, rather than one which exists on the Internet

the manufacturer's way of considering something

a store that sells goods to the public

making a website easy to find via search engines

a store that exists on the Internet, rather than a real one

one of the four parts of the 4Cs, which recognises customers' choices for buying in ways convenient to them, compared to one of the four parts of the 4Ps, place.

one of the four parts of the 4Cs, which (unlike one of the four parts of the 4Ps, price) represents the real cost to the customer, for example their own transport costs in addition to the price that companies charge for the product.gathering detailed information about customers in order to offer personalised products or services

one of the four parts of the 4Cs, meaning the combination of services and satisfaction that customers want, focussing (unlike one of the four parts of the 4Ps, product) more on the solution to the customer's problem than on the product that the customer wants to sell.

a technique enabling companies to analyse such things as online customer feedback and enquiries to help them understand their customers betterrelating to companies that do most of their business on the Internet

the combination of actions a company uses when selling a product or service. These are often described as the four Ps (= product, price, place, and promotion) .

a business which makes products and services available to customers in different ways, for example on the Internet and in store.

a company that operates only over the Internet, and has no physical stores

methods for advertising products, services, or brands using the Internet, by attracting the interest of groups of people who discuss them, make suggestions about them, etc. onlinethe people that a company wants to sell its products or services to

making a website which is well designed, for example one which is fast, easy and pleasant to use, and which is easy to find via search engines

given to

outside or further than (something)

to increase or improve something

not expensive

making you feel hopeful or encouraged

relating to things you can see or touchcomfortable and informal to get an idea from

simple, not difficult to understandclearly recognised characteristics of a product

something that is owned by a company or organisation, such as money, property, land or a brand.

the degree to which people are familiar with or prefer a particular brandthe value of a particular brand for the company that makes itthe process of using an existing brand name to introduce new products or servicesa set of features and ideas that customers connect in their minds with a particular product or brand

a company's decision about how a product is marketed in relation to its other products, and to competitors' productsthe process of changing the way that people think about a branduses of an existing brand name to introduce new products or services money generated by all of a company's operations, before deductions for expensesa brand that is leased to a manufacturer, who then makes the product under that namean expensive brand which is not necessary but bought for pleasurethe name of a manufacturer on a product, used to advertise and sell the producta product that has the name of the store where you buy it, rather than a name used by the company that made it

ways that people think and feel about a company, product, service, etc. to communicate information, knowledge, beliefs, values, ideas etc. to others

very famous or popular, especially being considered to represent particular opinions or a particular time

able to change easily from one activity to another or able to be used for many different purposes

full of energy and excitementthe activity of providing food and drinkcosts for corporate and regional functions

a loss of value, especially over time

money that is paid to an insurance company

to use a situation to your own advantage

to make someone want to do something

the act of paying back money that you have borrowed

costs that can be identified with a particular project or activitycosts such as wages, rent, and interest that do not change in relation to how much a business produces costs that are not directly accountable to a particular project or activity

money that is charged by a bank or other financial organisation for lending money

the activity of keeping a building, vehicle, road, etc. in good condition by checking it regularly and repairing it when necessarythe act of directing a ship, aircraft, etc. from one place to anotherthe regular and necessary costs, such as rent and heating, that are involved in operating a businesscosts that change according to how much of a product is being produced or used

property that someone borrowing money will give to the loan company, if he or she cannot pay the debtorganisations or businesses that have their own separate legal and financial existence

to imagine or expect something in the future, especially something good

a person or organisation that promises to pay back a loan if the person or organisation that originally borrowed the money does notpeople who make money by starting their own business in their homesomething, especially money, that encourages a person or organisation to do something

a person that money or a cheque is paid to or should be paid toan amount of money that has been paid or is expected to be paidan amount of money that someone is forced to pay for failing to obey a rule, law, etc.the number of people in a particular country, area or place when compared with the size of the place

without money, food, a home, or possessions

to give money to someone for a product or serviceto pay back money that you have borrowedto cause someone a disadvantageto pay back money that you have borrowed

combined into the company

careful not to forget about

an official rule about something that it is necessary to have or to doin a way that it can continue at the same level for a period of time

to offer something valuable to someone with the agreement that they can keep it if you fail to pay a loan or do what you promise

the quantity of money that is charged by a bank or other financial organisation for lending money, or the quantity of money that you earn from keeping your money in an account in a bank or other financial organisation

to deceive someone by making them think either that you are going to do something when you really have no intention of doing it, or that you have knowledge that you do not really have, or that you are someone else

something that you do because you have to comply with a list of requirements, rather than because you have a genuine commitment or interest in doing ithaving to do something, because you are forced to or feel it is necessarynoticing that a particular thing or person exists or is present

dishonest or illegal methods that are used to get something, or to make people believe that something is true when it is notto give a lot of attention to the powerful effect that something has on someone or somethingproduced or created something such as a profits, sales, or jobs a powerful effect that something, especially something new, has on someone or something

included within the way in which a business, government, or other organisation carefully plans its actions over a period of time to improve its position and achieve what it wants

to think about something carefully so that you can make a decision about it

the reason for doing something or the reason that something exists which is more important than anything else

policies regarding the process by which an organisation buys the products or services it needs from other organisations

extremely big

the state of feeling healthy and happy

to do something, or make something happen

to do something which is different from what is plannedto make something certain to happen

to put a plan into action

to state or describe something clearly and exactly

employees, investors, customers, etc. who are involved in or buy from a business and have an interest in its success

people and companies which are transparent in something do it in an open way without secrets, so that people can trust that they are fair and honest

the amount of time you spend doing your job compared with the amount of time you spend with your family and doing things you enjoy

to get information or advice from a person, book, etc. with special knowledge on a particular subjectto invent something or bring something such as a product or service into existence

to judge the quality, importance, amount, or value of someone or something

to watch a situation carefully for a period of time in order to discover something about it

example sentence unit

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1Healthcare and banking are heavily regulated. 1

1The food chain is becoming increasingly globalised. 1

The government has invested heavily in higher education. 1

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Are these carrots organic? 2Tickets must be purchased two weeks in advance. 2

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The company acted illegally by forcing an employee into early retirement.In a fast-paced, changing business environment, making sure employees have the right guidance can be critical.

The company received an impressive and symbolic order from the royal family.

Different sports, like different industries, are largely monopolised by a small group of teams or companies.

The company has a legal and technical monopoly on production of the drug.

He argues that farm subsidies help keep agricultural land away from corporate monopolies.

Technology has moved on, turning what was once a natural monopoly into a potentially competitive market.

Some say that Swedish banking is an oligopoly: the big four banks control 89% of total banking assets.

It may be impossible to create markets where there is perfect competition.

Political and economic agendas change with the times, as every CEO knows.

Marketing plays a key role in a company's plan for sustainable and economic growth.Introducing flexitime can motivate employees to work harder, or, conversely, lead to a decrease in productivity.Genetically modified foods have to pass a rigorous safety assessment.The company needs to raise cash to pay down its massive $1.2 billion debt.

The organisation is reconsidering its position in the light of new developments.He was very influential in shaping the government's economic policy.

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She earns an annual base salary of €45,000. 3

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Bank bosses are still being paid huge incentive bonuses. 3

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To qualify, you must have an income of $24,000 or less. 3

The country could face power shortages as early as next year due to growing demand.

The economic outlook is good for most manufacturers of consumer electronics.

We hope the government listens to the concerns of the food and drink industry and drops its plans to make food labelling legislation more complex.

The health and beauty industry has been badly affected by the recession.The growth in the popularity of air fresheners has helped increase home care industry sales.

One of the big supermarkets has moved into home electrical goods.The supermarket retail industry in the EU is dominated by a small number of supermarket chains.

Socio-cultural forces affect our attitudes, interests and opinions.Technological advances have greatly changed the manner in which businesses operate.All businesses are affected by national and global economic factors.Environmental factors include increased pollution levels and deforestation.Political factors can create advantages and opportunities for organisations.

She was looking for a new job in the same industry, and looked at the job vacancies at comparison companies.In addition to the base salary, Our compensation programme includes incentives in the form of stock options and shares.The firm's customer retention rate has remained steady at 82%.The company found it difficult to incentivise employees to work longer hours.

Equity-based awards have been ruled out in the new compensation package.Cash grants were part of the financial incentives given to developers of new solar power technology.

The government needs to incentivise investment in the broadband communication infrastructure in rural areas.

3New product revenue is much less than from print advertising. 3The incentive payout is partly based on operating cash flow. 3

3He hates his job, but at least it pays well. 3

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The unions are against performance-related pay for teachers. 3

The deal took his total remuneration last year to £2.4m. 3

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Her annual salary exceeds €100,000. 3

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This deal represents an hourly wage rate of $9.83. 3

4The organisation celebrates and rewards creativity in its staff. 4

4It's a job that needs someone with a bit of imagination. 4

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4There's a very relaxed atmosphere at work. 5

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The company has been successful in driving increased shareholder value.

Last year, they made an operating profit of $17m on revenues of $1.54 billion.

There has been a long-running dispute over pay and working conditions.Employees have a choice between taking a pay cut or working more.For the fiscal year ended February 28 2010, payments from Class A Shares amounted to $1,470.

The Industrial Exporter of the Year award will reward a company that has expanded outside the domestic market.The link between corporate performance and the big rewards reaped by directors should be more transparent.

Short-term cash incentives were given to employees in order to improve performance.

Stretch targets should provide the benchmark under which a person's performance is deemed to be "poor".

The convergence of ideas plays an important part in the creative process.

The figures reveal a marked divergence between public sector pay settlements and those in the private sector.

A vibrant and efficient service sector is important for the implementation of its policies.He says universities should work with the private sector to foster innovation and entrepreneurship.There's not enough interaction between the management and the workers.Turning an invention from an idea into a money-making product is a long job.

Corporate planners are busy drawing up budgets for the next fiscal year.

He was previously a director in the human resources department.

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I can put this lunch on my expense account. 5

These standards generally exceed the accepted industry norms. 5

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Salespeople often benefit from generous reward systems. 5

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Such misleading advertising is against the rules. 5

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He is a man of dignity and calm determination. 6

He thinks he would lose face if he admitted the mistake. 6There are many different aspects of our identity. 6

We'd worked together for years and developed a close rapport. 6

People have concerns over social inclusion. 6

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7Senior executives found it gutwrenching to talk about layoffs. 7

7We will run into trouble if we do not change our procedures. 7

There are many ways to tackle the thorny issue of taxation. 7

When she got a new job she had to get used to the company's dress code.

Different organisational structures suit different kinds of organisation.He has a dynamic personality, makes excellent decisions, and is a true leader.The company has introduced new procedures for dealing with customer complaints.

An organisation with a role culture is generally believed to be very stable but poor at implementing change.

Task culture is very adaptable and focuses on achieving results above all else.

He believed that culture and values helped hold the company together.The ideal candidate will have both a design sensibility and competence in the relevant software packages.

Sociality rights are concerned with personal and social entitlements.Those at the coalface of the business may occasionally lose patience with management theories and abstractions.She craves the limelight and wants the business to get lots of media attention.

The fighting which started in the night had petered out by morning.

Communism has never really taken root in England. 7

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The retail giant is slashing delivery times to win customers. 8

He needs to undertake a proper feasibility study. 8

The company is more influenced by the 4Cs than the 4Ps. 9

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Communication with the customer is not just advertising. 9

I have some windows of opportunity next week, so we could meet then.This chart provides a brief overview of sales for the past six months.With regard to advertising, we have to cut costs from £12,000 to £8,000 per month.Senior management wants to encourage teamwork at all levels of the organisation.

The board is interested in engaging the stakeholders in this issue.I went to several libraries to gather information about the scheme.

As you progress through the project you will increase confidence in what you are doing.Economists had expected GDP growth to be revised upwards from last month's initial estimate of 0.6%.The solution is being piloted by a few councils with a view to extending it nationwide.We are beginning to put the new processes and systems into practice.I've been asked to estimate our budget requirements for next year.The procedures are designed to screen out unwanted projects containing high levels of risk.

The tools we use to build competitive advantage are issues relating to applying the 4Ps in a profitable way.The supermarket chain is a bricks and clicks operator, allowing customers to shop in store or online.

Online retailers try to lure customers away from bricks retailers.

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9Their e-retail shop sells mostly books and DVDs. 9

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BlueBags started out as a pure play, only available online. 9

Their albums are available only online, not at any retail outlets. 9

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9A virtual store needs to be quick and easy to navigate. 9

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Convenience for the customer also includes key aspects of website design such as navigation.

For ‘clicks’ e-retail, there are also the costs of carriage to be added to the quoted prices.Smart card loyalty schemes are an example of customer relationship marketing.

Customer wants and needs are not just about the products themselves but rather about good feelings or solutions to problems.The framework is designed to help companies view marketing from the customer's perspective.

Database marketing uses powerful software to analyse information from customers.Shareholders are unlikely to see the £15 per share high reached at the height of the dot.com boom.Starting a successful dot.com has more to do with business skills than technical expertise.

You can buy a wide variety of consumer electronics from an e-tailer.

Their plan involves choosing target customers and designing a persuasive marketing mix to get them to buy.

A multi-channel approach can allow customers to buy a product on the Internet but go to a store if they need a refund.Even customers who shop online may prefer to go to a physical store for a refund or exchange.The producer's perspective of product availability often differs from the customer's perspective.

It is just as important to think about search engine optimisation as it is to make a website attractive and easy to navigate.

Social media marketing is part of a two-way process with customers.We need the right product to satisfy the needs of target consumers.

Website optimisation will help a company's website attract more paying customers.

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10They are meeting consumer demand for affordable footwear. 10

Coca-Cola is an iconic brand. 10

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10It's a very friendly bar with a nice relaxed style. 10The sandals were inspired by an ancient Japanese design. 10

10Apple computers have a number of unmistakable features. 10

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The value attributed to a particular product can vary enormously from country to country or according to the time of year.Copywriters and branding experts will move further beyond benefits to highlight hidden benefits.The industry has exceeded all expectations for boosting profits and dividends.

The objective is to develop positive attitudes and build brand awareness among car owners in order to induce them to purchase.Brand equity is presumed to be a leading indicator of a business's future success.One of the country's low-cost airlines is planning brand extension into other areas.He attributes their success to the shops looking right, a strong brand image, and sensational advertising.

Everything from brand positioning to price, supply chain, advertising, capital spending, and quality is being reviewed.We are beginning to feel the benefits of the brand repositioning we have done.One of the country's low-cost airlines is planning brand extensions into car hire and coach services.Brand repositioning enabled the company to increase its gross revenues.Consumers may not be aware that they are purchasing a licensed brand.Many rich and famous women like to be seen carrying a luxury brand handbag.It is estimated that 85% of all sporting goods are sold under a manufacturer's brand.Supermarket own brands are almost invariably cheaper than branded goods.

Although our handling of complaints has improved greatly, it continues to be a significant problem in terms of public perception.Training appears to be an effective way to transmit information about diversity and its importance.

The holiday provides tourists with an inspirational combination of mountain views and historic monuments.Physical comfort is the most important consideration when choosing footwear.

In response to customer demand, the new website has an uncomplicated style.

They were looking for versatile footwear and found a new kind of sheepskin boot.

Their products always use vibrant colours. 10The passenger meals are prepared by airline catering services. 11Head office costs are an example of central costs. 11

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Interest rates influence business borrowing. 11

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Nearly 90 entities, mainly private companies, mint gold in bars. 12

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The area has a high population density. 12

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After three years, this car is projected to be worth 57% of its price when new - one of the lowest rates of depreciation of any car in any class.Usually, it is clear what the direct costs of a product are but the indirect costs also need to be allocated.When you take 2,000 people out of your business you will inevitably reduce the fixed costs.Usually, it is clear what the direct costs of a product are but the indirect costs also need to be allocated.They ask for 8% extra from customers who pay insurance by direct debit instead of as a lump sum.

Components necessary for the maintenance of our aeroplanes often have to be ordered from abroad.In Europe, air navigation charges are collected from airlines by an organisation called Eurocontrol.The combined company aims to reduce annual overheads by as much as £2 billion.Common variable costs include raw materials, shipping and depletion.She capitalised on her knowledge and experience to get a new and better paid job.Debt counsellors are concerned by the trend towards using houses as collateral against debt.

The company's web optimisation project envisions a website that is far better than any of its competitors' sites and is at the top of relevant search engine listings.

Some providers lend young people more if their parents agree to be guarantor for the loan.Household-based entrepreneurs are dependent on a reliable internet connection.Cash grants were part of the financial incentives given to developers of new solar power technology.We need to incentivise our sales managers to achieve these targets.They filled in the amount on the cheque, but left the payee's name blank.The company went bankrupt because it couldn't afford the monthly payments on the loan once interest rates rose.Customers who miss a loan repayment will face a penalty interest rate.

Charge cards have no limit, but full repayment is to be made each month.

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12We'll need to pay a builder to take this wall down. 12Students generally have 10 years to pay back their loans. 12The present tax system penalises poor people. 12Students generally have 10 years to repay their loans. 12

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Different departments have different procurement policies. 13

I am afraid the safety system fails to meet minimum requirements.Marketing plays a key role in a company's plan to develop the business sustainably.During the global economic crisis many people were left destitute.

If you need to guarantee the loan, you will lose the business if you default on payments.

The amount of interest on a mortgage is higher than the amount of interest earned on savings.

For some employees, safety checks are just a box ticking exercise.

He gradually became conscious of the fact that everyone else was wearing a suit.

The new corporate social responsibility policy will focus on the impact the organisation has on the environment.The current recovery has so far generated far fewer high-paying jobs than the last boom.Social networks are making a huge impact on sales, with fans recommending brands to hundreds of their friends.

The other organisation's IT systems will be fully integrated into the company as soon as practical following the acquisition.

Mindful of the poor road conditions, she reduced her speed to 30 mph.

My primary purpose for going to the conference was to advertise our services.

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13A vast audience watched the broadcast. 13

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13We seek to conduct business in an ethical manner. 14

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14They deviated from the original plan. 14The airline is taking steps to ensure safety on its aircraft. 14

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14He said we should meet but didn't specify a time. 14

Corporate executives need to think about the whole business and how it creates value for customers and stakeholders.

We need to look at how transparent the company is in disclosing information.

People doing yoga benefit from an increased feeling of well-being.

Men have low expectations of securing a better work-life balance.

Because investors' state and local taxes may be different than the federal taxes described above, investors should consult their own tax advisors.The software was developed by a marine science consulting firm.

Employees will be evaluated on their performance, attendance, and team skills.The corporation has implemented a new compensation plan for its sales force.The government had agreed to allow the inspectors to monitor the refuelling process.

Italian

agito in modo illegale

ambiente commercialeambiente iper-regolamentato

sempre più globalizzato

effettuato ingenti investimenti

in gran parte monopolizzato

monopolio tecnico-legale

monopolio

monopolio naturale

oligopolio

concorrenza perfetta

crescita sostenibile e redditizia

invece, per contro

geneticamente modificato

enorme

biologicoacquistare

riconsiderando, riesaminando

modellare

ordine imponente e simbolico, ordine di grandi dimensioni e simbolico

agenda politico-economica, obiettivi politico-economici

carenze, scarsità

elettronica di consumo

generi alimentari, cibi e bevande

prodotti sanitari e cosmetici

cura della casa

elettrodomestici

vendita al dettaglio tramite supermercati

socio-culturale

tecnologico

economico

ambientale

politico

stipendio base annuo

aziende concorrenti, aziende di confronto

piano retributivo

tassi di ritenzione dei clienti

difficile incentivare

compensi mediante assegnazione di azioni

incentivo finanziario

premio di incentivazione, premio di incentivo

incentivare gli investimenti in

reddito

maggiore valore per gli azionistiutili generati dai nuovi prodottiflusso di cassa operativo

utile di gestione, reddito d'eserciziopagare, remunerare

retribuzione, remunerazione, paga

taglio/riduzione di stipendio

pagamento

remunerazione

remunerare, retribuire

remunerazione, retribuzione

stipendio, salario

incentivi in contanti a breve termine

target/obiettivi ambiziosi

salario, stipendio, retribuzione

convergenzacreatività

divergenzafantasia, immaginazione

attuazione

innovazione

interazione

invenzioneatmosfera al lavoro/sul posto di lavoro

budget, bilanci

reparti

retribuzione correlata alle prestazioni, retribuzione proporzionata alle prestazioni

abbigliamento richiesto/dress code

conti spese

norme, prassi

strutture organizzative

personalità

procedure

sistemi di remunerazione

cultura dei ruoli

regole

cultura dei compiti

valori

competenza

dignità

facciaidentità

rapporto

inclusione sociale

diritti di socialità

sul campo, affrontando i veri problemi pratici

voler essere al centro dell'attenzionepenoso, angosciante, devastante

estinguersi, perdere forzafinire nei guai, correre un pericolo

affrontare gli aspetti spinosi

mettere radici

finestre di opportunità

breve panoramica/quadro

tagliare i costi

incoraggiare il lavoro di gruppo

raccogliere dati/informazioni

accrescere la fiducia

iniziale

mettere alla prova (la soluzione)

mettere in pratica/attuare (un piano)

requisiti

scartare/eliminare progetti indesiderati

ridurre drasticamente i tempi di consegna

intraprendere (uno studio di fattibilità)

4P - prodotto, prezzo, punto vendita, promozione

rivenditore tradizionale

comunicazione con il cliente

coinvolgere le parti interessate/gli stakeholder/gli attori principali

4C - consumatore, costo, comunicazione, convenienza

operatore bricks & clicks, operatore tradizionale e online

convenienza per il cliente

costo per il cliente

esigenze e necessità dei clienti

punto di vista del cliente

database marketing

dot.com

dot.com, online, operante in retenegozio online

dettagliante online, e-tailer

marketing mix

rivenditore multicanale

negozio/punto vendita fisico

punto di vista del produttore

punto vendita

ottimizzazione del motore di ricerca

Social Media Marketing

consumatori targetnegozio virtuale

ottimizzazione di un sito web

marketing relazionale, CRM (Customer Relationship Marketing)

pure play, società le cui attività si svolgono al 100% su Internet

attivo, attività, bene

attribuito a

al di là di, oltre

incrementare, promuovere

consapevolezza del marchio

brand extension, estensione del marchio

brand image, immagine del marchio

brand positioning, posizionamento del marchio

brand repositioning, riqualificazione del marchio

estensioni

ricavi lordi, reddito lordo

marchio concesso in licenza

marchio di lusso

marchio del fabbricante

marchio proprio

percezioni

trasmetterea prezzo abbordabile/accessibile

iconico

ricco di ispirazione, stimolante

fisicorilassatoessere ispirato da,

semplice, linearefunzionalità/caratteristiche inconfondibili

versatile

brand equity, valore del marchio, patrimonio di marca

vivaceristorazione, cateringcosti della sede centrale

ammortamento, deprezzamento

costi diretti

costi fissi

costi indiretti

assicurazione

interesse

manutenzione

navigazione

spese generali

costi variabili

capitalizzare su

garanzia, collaterale

entità

prevedere

garante, fideiussore

teleimprenditori

incentivo

incentivare

beneficiario

versamento, pagamento

penalità, penale

densità demografica, densità di popolazione

rimborso

requisito

sostenibilità

indigente, bisognoso, disagiato

garantirepagare rimborsarepenalizzarerimborsare

importo degli interessi

ingannare

pura formalità

costretto

conscio di, consapevole di

inganno, dolo

focalizzarsi sull'impatto

generato

impatto su

incorporato nell'ambito della strategia

integrato nell'azienda

esaminare, considerare

consapevole di

obiettivo principale

politiche di approvvigionamento

stakeholder, parti interessate, attori principali

trasparente invasto, enorme

benessere

equilibrio tra lavoro e vita privatacondurre

consultare

svilupparedeviaregarantire, assicurare

valutare, giudicare

attuare

monitorarespecificare