copy of neighbour hood planning
TRANSCRIPT
INTRODUCTION TO NEIGHBOURHOOD PLANNING
Submitted To:Mr. Nand KumarMr. Sunil SharmaLecturers,Deptt. Of Architecture,M.N.I.T., Jaipur
Submitted By:Prashant Singh HadaRicha KhandelwalIX Semester,B. ARCH.M.N.I.T., Jaipur
NEIGHBOURHOOD UNIT
Geographically localized community within a larger city,
town or suburban area.
Termed by Clarence A. Perry in 1923 “ A Scheme of
Arrangement for the Family Life Community ”
NEIGHBOURHOOD UNIT
Population 7000 – 10000.
Primary school.
Recreational spaces
Retail shopping facility.
Community facilities at 10 to 15 minutes.
Tree-shaded, pedestrian & bicycle-friendly streets.
Safe from major traffic areas.
Local employment opportunities.
GROUP OF NEIGHBOURHOODS:
Location of schools, both Primary and Secondary.
District Shopping Center.
Neighbourhood Shopping Centers.
Libraries and other community hubs.
Major Regional Parks.
Sporting groups and recreation facilities.
NEIGHBOURHOOD THEORY
CLARENCE A. PERRY
UNIT OF URBAN PLANNING
Population as a criteria to decide the size of a neighbourhood unit.
STREET SYSTEM
Major traffic routes should not pass through residential
neighbourhood.
Minor streets to connect the dwelling unit.
Interior street pattern: cul-de-sacs, curved layout and light duty
surfacing .
An independent system of footway linking together school sites,
play areas and shopping centers.
FACILITIES
Primary school, shopping centre, spaces for outdoor recreation,
community centre, sports centre.
CLARENCE A. PERRY
POPULATION
optimal to support its elementary school.
SECTOR
Combination of two or more neighbourhood units.
Facilities like secondary school, entertainment centers, big
markets, major parks and large site recreation spaces.
Population 12000 – 15000.
SIZE AND DENSITY
Maximum walking distance ¼ mile.
Density should be 10 families per acre.
CLARENCE STEIN
Elementary school -center
of the unit and within a
1/2 mile radius.
Small shopping center
located near the school.
Cul-de-sac or "dead-end“
roads to eliminate through
traffic.
Grouping of 3 neighborhood units served by a high school and 1 or 2 major
Commercial centers - radius for walking distance to these facilities being 1
mile.
Arrangement in linear fashion.
Industries at one side.
Schools, commercial centers - middle of two rows of neighborhood units.
Module could be repeated (in mirror image) to increase the length of the
neighborhood unit.
JOSE SERT
THE RADBURN CITY, NEW JERSEY
“The town of the
motor age."
The cul-de-sac (dead-
end) residential streets
are service roads
rather than traffic
ways
House being reversed,
living rooms face on
the rear gardens with
pedestrian paths
leading to the
continuous park
space.
„A separated dual
system of circulation‟.
RADBURN, NEW JERSEY, BIRD EYE VIEW
HIERARCHY OF NEIGHBORHOOD-
VILLAGE-TOWN
NEIGHBOURHOOD PLANNING : CASE
STUDY – CHANDIGARH
NEIGHBOURHOOD PLANNING :
CASE STUDY – CHANDIGARH
MASTER PLAN OF CHANDIGARH
The master plan for the new town was
prepared by Architect Le-Corbusier
assisted by Maxwell Fry and Jane Drew
of England. The master plan aimed to
accommodate about 1,50,000 persons
with future expansion upto about
5,00,000 persons.
NEIGHBOURHOOD PLANNING :
CASE STUDY – CHANDIGARH PRINCIPLES OF PLANNING :-
Chandigarh is planned on the principle of precincts or superblock and they
are termed as sectors.
Each sector measures about 1.21km in Length and 0.81 km in width.
The rectangular Sectors are framed with the layout of Grid of the main
roads.
Each sector accommodates population ranging from 15,000 to 25,000
depending upon the exact area of the block and the density of development
adopted.
There are usually three to four neighbourhood units in each block.
Le - corbusier conceptualized the idea of the design of chandigarh from the
human body. The government building forms the head; the business area or
commercial centre is the heart; the university area and the museum are the
brain; the industrial areas are the hands, the leisure valley and parks are the
lungs, the roads are the arteries.
NEIGHBOURHOOD PLANNING :
CASE STUDY – CHANDIGARH URBAN ORGNAISATION :-
He gave the differentiation between means of locomotion and the hierarchy
within the road grid.
His previous theories led him to distinguish four functions of planning i.e.
living, working, care of the body and spirit and circulation.
The location of capital consists of four main government buildings, situated at
the northern end of the town; the buildings are the Assembly hall, the
Secretariat, the High court and the Governor's palace.
The Southern sector is reserved for the industrial development and is
segregated by a wide green belt from the residential zone.
The central sector contains the city's civic and commercial buildings which
serves to all the residential sectors.
The cultural centre with the university in a park is situated in the north-west
side.
Thus the city plan contains clear and well defined "URBAN
ORGANISATION CENTRES".
NEIGHBOURHOOD PLANNING : CASE
STUDY – CHANDIGARH NEIGHBOURHOOD AS AN URBAN SPACE
Each sector is bisected on its long axis by a strip
of continuous open space or green strip for
recreation and on its shorter axis, by a street
called the bazaar street containing local shops,
market, and recreation buildings.
The cycle tracks and footpaths are
accommodated in green strip and thus they are
segregated from the main thoroughfares.
Schools, health centers etc. are located in the
interior of each sector so that children and others
need not cross the main roads for their normal
daily requirements.
The sector contains the schools, shops, clinics,
clubs, social centers, places of worship etc. and
is virtually a self contained unit, as an urban
space, for city planning.
The larger public buildings are well distributed in
the town in suitable locations and some of them
are placed in the town centre.
NEIGHBOURHOOD PLANNING : CASE
STUDY – CHANDIGARH
PART TO WHOLE CONCEPT
All the while the neighbourhood unit is itself self sufficient of
having variety of urban spaces but at higher level the urban
spaces are distributed for the whole population of the city.
city level the urban spaces has consideration of highly ranked
activities like civic centre, town park, auditoriums, theatres,
commercial complexes, universities, stadiums, play ground
etc.
These are partly served by neighbourhood itself and the
combination of urban spaces from neighbourhood unit to
town level fulfills the part to whole concept of urban spaces.
Hence the neighbourhood concept gives the effect of an urban
spaces which are required for various basic needs to perform
in it.
It is a self sufficient unit for the urban planning.
NEIGHBOURHOOD PLANNING
Neighbourhood plans speak to the specific needs and desires of the communities
within the city in the context of the city-wide plan.
Provide guidance for the development of large and complex areas of the
community
Provide planning for small areas of vacant, redeveloping lands within the built up
area of the community.
Provide additional detailed direction for new growth and development in a given
area
Neighbourhood planning in particular, brings together the broader needs of the
community with the local knowledge of the neighbourhood.
Neighborhood planning is a process that results in a plan. The planning process is
usually described as developing a consensus or a shared vision and as a way to have
residents involved in identifying and solving neighborhood problems. The plan
itself is often described as a blueprint, an agenda, a framework, or a guide for
investments and revitalization efforts in the neighborhood.
Neighborhood planning is a process whereby residents and other stakeholders
learn about their neighborhood, envision a shared future, and develop strategies to
shape it for the better and sustain it for the long term. The process results in a plan
that encourages and directs future social and economic investments toward the
development of a healthy neighborhood.
NEIGHBOURHOOD PLAN
Neighbourhood plans incorporate land use strategies that
respond to the broader issues of the community in a way that
contributes to creating more livable neighbourhoods.
A Neighbourhood Plan is a set of guidelines, which outlines
how an area will change and grow over time. A Neighbourhood
Plan typically deals with such issues as land use, traffic and
services (e.g., storm water, sewer and water).
A Neighbourhood Plan deals primarily with land use decisions
with an increase in population over the next 10 to 25 years, in
terms of housing, recreation needs, increased traffic, public
transit, impacts on the environment, commercial needs etc.
As the form, character and issues of neighbourhoods are
significantly different, specific policies are required for each
neighbourhood planning area
NEIGHBOURHOOD PLAN
All Neighbourhood Plans in the City must address the goals of
the Official Community Plan, and coordinate applications of
these goals in a manner that is acceptable to area residents.
The Official Community Plan is composed of some basic
principles or goals:
Manage Urban Growth.
Build a More Sustainable Community.
Encourage Social Enrichment.
Promote a Successful Economy.
Protect and Enhance Environment.
Improve Mobility and Servicing.
NEIGHBOURHOOD PLAN :
CONSIDERATIONS
District Shopping Centres
Neighbourhood Shopping Centres
Libraries and other community hubs
Accessibility across major roads
Transport hubs for example railway stations and major bus
routes.
Location of government and non-government schools, both
Primary and Secondary
Major Regional Parks.
Sporting groups and recreation facilities
NEIGHBORHOOD
STRATEGIC PLANNING
NEIGHBOURHOOD PLAN :
PROCESS Identifying Neighbourhood issues and
opinions.
Developing options for addressing
Neighbourhood issues.
Choosing preferred options.
Drafting the Plan.
Checking back with the Neighbourhood
about the contents of the Plan.
Adoption of the Plan by Council.
Plan Monitoring.
Neighbourhood Plans are generally
completed within a one-to-two year time
frame. Participants in the Neighbourhood
Planning process should be willing to spend,
on average, two to three evenings a month
working on their plan.
NEIGHBOURHOOD PLAN : PROCESS
NEIGHBOURHOOD PLAN : PRINCIPLES
Thoughtful, deliberate preparation needs to go into the neighborhood
planning process.
The plan must identify and build on neighborhood assets.
Neighborhood planning should be an inclusive process for the specific,
agreed upon area.
Neighborhood planning should build the capacity of the neighborhood
for community development.
All participants should have defined and appropriate roles.
There must be transparency in the planning process.
Democratic decision-making should be there
The process must generate a vision for what the neighborhood can
become.
NEIGHBOURHOOD PLAN : PRINCIPLES
The plan must recognize market dynamics.
Neighborhood residents and other stakeholders must be included in the
development and approval of the plan.
Protect and preserve green spaces and sensitive areas
Ensure housing meets the needs of the whole community
Create a culture of sustainability
Protect agricultural land
Create strong, compact and complete neighbourhoods
Provide alternative transportation
Ensure development pays for itself
Create a youth friendly city
NEIGHBOURHOOD PLAN : ADVANTAGE
Help residents identify a common vision for their neighbourhood
Help residents identify options for achieving neighbourhood goals
Help residents convey clearly to developers what types of projects they
will support
Help government to know how residents want their neighbourhood to
grow
Enhance public places in terms of use, diversity and safety
Develop a „sense of place‟ and identity that reflects our local culture,
heritage and character
Incorporate and coordinate other opportunities into a neighbourhoods
Build on the assets and strengths in local communities
Implementation is generally more successful
Provide a focus of investment
Provide a road map for future development
NEIGHBOURHOOD PLAN : CHALLENGES
neighborhood planning is done on a small scale, it presents economic,
political, and logistical difficulties. For example, the creation of many small
programs to fulfill individual neighborhood needs may sacrifice the
economies of scale achieved by citywide or regional programs, or even
conflict with those programs.
neighborhoods have little power over contextual factors such as the regional
economy or a private developer‟s interests.
neighborhood planning is the danger of encouraging segregation.
Neighborhood planning can undermine efforts to benefit the city or region as
a whole, and enhancing neighborhood power has the potential to lead to
racial and income exclusionism
poor representation and unclear expectations and responsibilities. Although
many planning efforts earnestly try to have broad representation, especially
from the poor income group, there is often disappointing levels of
involvement by low-income, renter, and minority stakeholders due to
inadequate outreach efforts, lack of translation capacity, or a lack of previous
involvement of those stakeholders in the organizations‟ activities.
Unclear expectations and responsibilities