copyright © 2004 allyn and bacon unit iv: public speaking this multimedia product and its contents...
Post on 22-Dec-2015
216 views
TRANSCRIPT
Copyright © 2004 Allyn and Bacon
UNIT IV: PUBLIC SPEAKING
This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law:
•any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network;
•preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images;
•any rental, lease, or lending of the program.
Copyright © 2004 Allyn and Bacon
Chapter 11Developing Your Presentation
This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law:•Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network;•Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images;•Any rental, lease, or lending of the program
Copyright © 2004 Allyn and Bacon
Developing Your Speech
• An Overview of the Public-Speaking Process• Understanding Speaker Anxiety• Managing Speaker Anxiety• Selecting and Narrowing Your Topic• Identifying Your Purpose• Developing Your Central Idea• Generating Main Ideas• Gathering Supporting Material
Chapter 11: Developing Your Presentation
Copyright © 2004 Allyn and Bacon
An Overview of Public Speaking
• The Public-Speaking Process– select and narrow topic– identify your purpose– develop central idea– generate main ideas– gather supporting material– organize presentation– rehearse presentation– deliver presentation
Copyright © 2004 Allyn and Bacon
An Overview of Presentational Speaking
• Audience-centered presentational speakers are inherently sensitive to the diversity of their audiences.
AwareAdapt
VerbalListen
Non-verbal
Copyright © 2004 Allyn and Bacon
Understanding Speaker Anxiety• Speaker anxiety results
from your brain signaling your body to help with a challenging task.– blood flow– breathing rate– adrenaline
• Most speakers feel more nervous than they look.
Copyright © 2004 Allyn and Bacon
AwareAdapt
VerbalListen
Non-verbal
Managing Speaker Anxiety
• Know How To Prepare a Presentation
• Be Prepared
• Focus On Your Audience
Chapter 11: Developing Your Presentation
Copyright © 2004 Allyn and Bacon
AwareAdapt
VerbalListen
Non-verbal
Managing Speaker Anxiety
• Focus On Your Message
Know How To Prepare a PresentationBe PreparedFocus On Your Audience
Copyright © 2004 Allyn and Bacon
AwareAdapt
VerbalListen
Non-verbal
Managing Speaker Anxiety
• Think Positively
Chapter 11: Developing Your Presentation
Know How To Prepare a PresentationBe PreparedFocus On Your AudienceFocus On Your Message
Copyright © 2004 Allyn and Bacon
Managing Speaker Anxiety
• Know How To Prepare a Presentation
• Be Prepared
• Focus On Your Audience
• Focus On Your Message
• Think Positively
Chapter 11: Developing Your Presentation
Use Deep-Breathing TechniquesTake Advantage of Opportunities to SpeakSee Available Professional Help
Copyright © 2004 Allyn and Bacon
Selecting and Narrowing Your Topic
• Who is the audience?
• What is the occasion?
• What are my interests and experiences?
• Silent Brainstorming
• Scanning Web Directories and Web Pages
• Listening and Reading for Topic Ideas
Chapter 11: Developing Your Presentation
Copyright © 2004 Allyn and Bacon
Identifying Your Purpose• General Purpose
– inform, persuade, entertain
• Specific Purpose– concise statement of what your listeners should
know or be able to do• At the end of my presentation, the audience will be
able to explain the causes and most successful treatments for anorexia and bulimia.
• At the end of my presentation, the audience will try Zen meditation.
Chapter 11: Developing Your Presentation
Copyright © 2004 Allyn and Bacon
Developing Your Central Idea• The central idea specifies the topic of the
speech and makes some definitive statement about it.
• Criteria for Central Ideas:– audience-centered– single topic– complete declarative sentence– specific language
Chapter 11: Developing Your Presentation
Copyright © 2004 Allyn and Bacon
Generating Main Ideas
• Use the Central Idea To Generate Main Ideas:– Does the central idea have logical divisions?– Can you think of several reasons the central
idea is true?– Can you support the central idea with a series
of steps or chronological sequence?
Chapter 11: Developing Your Presentation
Copyright © 2004 Allyn and Bacon
Gathering Supporting Material
• Supporting Material Can Be Verbal and Visual– verbal
• illustrations, explanations, descriptions, definitions, statistics
– visual• objects, charts, graphs, posters, maps, models
– audio• music, CD-ROM, DVD
Copyright © 2004 Allyn and Bacon
Sources of Supporting Material
• You and People You Know
• Internet– Criteria For Evaluating Internet Sources
• accountability
• accuracy
• objectivity
• date
• usability
• Library
Copyright © 2004 Allyn and Bacon
Sources of Supporting Material
• Books
• Periodicals
• Newspapers
• Reference Resources
• Government Documents
• Special Services
Chapter 11: Developing Your Presentation
Copyright © 2004 Allyn and Bacon
Types of Supporting Material
• Illustrations– hypothetical illustration
• Descriptions and Explanations
• Definitions– classification– operational definition
Chapter 11: Developing Your Presentation
Copyright © 2004 Allyn and Bacon
Types of Supporting Material
• Illustrations
• Descriptions and Explanations
• Definitions
Chapter 11: Developing Your Presentation
Analogiesliteral analogyfigurative analogy
Statisticsoral citation
Copyright © 2004 Allyn and Bacon
Types of Supporting Material
• Illustrations• Descriptions and Explanations• Definitions• Analogies• Statistics
Chapter 11: Developing Your Presentation
Opinionsexpert testimony, lay testimony, literary quotations