copyright © 2005 pearson education canada inc.8-1 chapter 8: physical growth in preschool children...
TRANSCRIPT
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Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc. 8-1
Chapter 8: Physical Growth in Preschool Children
8.1 Physical Growth
8.2 Motor Development
8.3 Health and Wellness
8.4 Child Neglect and Maltreatment
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8.1 Physical Growth
Body Growth
Brain Development
Sleep
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Body Growth
Growth slows and is more stable during preschool years
Loss of fat and changing proportions
Cartilage turns to bone
Usually have all 20 primary teeth
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Average Growth During Preschool Years
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Changing Body Proportions
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Tooth Development
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Brain Development
Preschool years a time of rapid growth for brain
Synaptic pruning continues
Myelinization continues, particularly of the corpus callosum and sensory and motor regions of the brain
Brain becomes more specialized
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Development of Brain
Source: Lemire et al., 1975
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The Brain
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Sleep
Amount of sleep decreases, including giving up naps around 4 years Bedtime struggles occur nightly in 20-30% of children Some children have sleep disturbances: nightmares, night terrors, sleep walking, and bedwetting
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Hours of Sleep
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8.2 Motor Development
Gross Motor Skills
Fine Motor Skills
Handedness
Gender Differences in Motor Skills
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Gross Motor Skills
Big improvements in running and hoppingImproved ability to catch and throw a ballAdvanced motor skills lead to unstructured play
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Development of Throwing and Catching
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Fine Motor Skills
Improved dexterity leads to more precise and delicate movements
Greater fine motor skill means that children can feed and dress themselves
Better grip of writing implements means improved drawings
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Stages of Drawing
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HandednessBy 2 years, most children show a clear hand preference, 90% are right-handedLeft-handed people are more likely to have migraines, allergies, and language-based problemsLefties are more likely to be artistically and spatially talented
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Gender Differences in Motor Skills
Boys tend to be more muscular and more activeBoys better at running and throwingGirls tend to be better at balancing, hopping, skipping, and fine motor activities
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8.3 Health and Wellness
Nutrition
Threats to Children’s Development
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Nutrition
Preschoolers need to eat less per kilogram than infants and toddlers Some preschoolers become picky eatersParents should encourage a well-balanced diet
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Childhood Obesity in Canada
Obesity rates tend to be linked to the following factors:
Genetics
Geography (regional differences)
Socio-economic background
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Threats to Children’s Development
Minor illnesses are common (7-8 colds per year)Chronic illness, except asthma, is not common in childhoodStress and poverty are more likely to lead to injury and illnessHospital stays can be made less traumatic
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8.4 Child Neglect and Maltreatment
Consequences of Maltreatment
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Consequences of Maltreatment
When children are abused, their social, emotional, and cognitive development is often affected