copyright 2009 prentice hall. chapter 1 new world beginnings, 33,000 b.c.e.–1769 c.e

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Page 1: Copyright 2009 Prentice Hall. Chapter 1 New World Beginnings, 33,000 B.C.E.–1769 C.E

Copyright 2009 Prentice Hall

Page 2: Copyright 2009 Prentice Hall. Chapter 1 New World Beginnings, 33,000 B.C.E.–1769 C.E

Chapter 1

New World Beginnings, 33,000

B.C.E.–1769 C.E.

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Figure 1-1a p5

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I. The Shaping of North America

• The Geography of North America– Mountains– Glaciers

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I. The Mountains of North America

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Rocky Mountain National Park

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Smoky Mountain National Park

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Glaciers caused the North American landscape to be transformed.

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II. Peopling the Americas

A land bridge connected Eurasiawith North America

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III. THE EARLIEST AMERICANS(PRE-COLUMBIAN CIVILIZATIONS)

• The Incas of Peru• Mayans in Central America• Aztecs in Mexico• Moundbuilders in theOhio River Valley.• Mississippian settlement was at Cahokia.• Iroquois Confederacy in Eastern Great Lakes

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Agricultural Based Societies

Three-sister farmingMaize (corn)BeansSquash

Early Peruvian ArtEarly Peruvian Art

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Map 1-2 p9

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IncanIncanEmpiresEmpires

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Mayan EmpiresMayan Empires

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Aztec EmpireAztec Empire

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CahokiaCahokia(Mississippian Culture)(Mississippian Culture)

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IV. Indirect Discoverers of the New World

• Norse seafarers from Scandinavia (Vikings)– Newfoundland, spot called Vinland.

• Confirmed

• Polynesian Contact ?

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VikingExploration

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V. Europeans Enter Africa

• Crusades and the ‘riches’ of the East• Marco Polo travels to the East

• Portuguese explore Sub-Saharan Africa– Plantation system founded– Slave trade started

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Map 1-3 p11

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Goree IslandGoree IslandSlave FortressSlave Fortress

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DoorDoorof Noof No

ReturnReturn

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VI. Columbus Comes upon a New World

• Christopher Columbus supported by Spanish• Ships landed on an island in the Bahamas• Columbus called the native peoples “Indians.”• A new global economic system emerged

– “The Columbian Exchange”

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Figure 1-2 p14

VII. When Worlds CollideVII. When Worlds Collide

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VIII. The Spanish Conquistadores

• “God, gold, and glory” motivated many

• Treaty of Tordesillas (1494) divided “New World” between Spain and Portugal

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Map 1-4 p16

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Map 1-5 p17

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IX. The Conquest of Mexico• Herman Cortés goal to capture Aztec capital

(Tenochtitlan)

• Moctezuma attacks, noche triste (sad night)

• Cortés and Spanish win

• Spanish and Indians intermarry– Create distinctive mestizos culture

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TenochtitlanTenochtitlan(Aztec Capital)(Aztec Capital)

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X. The Spread of Spanish America

• The Spanish built forts and churches– Florida, New Mexico, California, Texas– And defended ‘their’ territory

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Map 1-6 p21

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