copyright © 2011 pearson education, inc. publishing as prentice hall. 1.3 adding and subtracting...
TRANSCRIPT
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
1.3
Adding and Subtracting Whole
Numbers, and Perimeter
Martin-Gay, Prealgebra & Introductory Algebra, 3ed 22
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Addition Property of 0
The sum of 0 and any number is that number.
8 + 0 = 8 and 0 + 8 = 8
Martin-Gay, Prealgebra & Introductory Algebra, 3ed 33
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Changing the order of two addends does not change their sum.
4 + 2 = 6 and 2 + 4 = 6
Commutative Property of Addition
Martin-Gay, Prealgebra & Introductory Algebra, 3ed 44
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Changing the grouping of addends does not change their sum.
3 + (4 + 2) = 3 + 6 = 9
and
(3 + 4) + 2 = 7 + 2 = 9
Associative Property of Addition
Martin-Gay, Prealgebra & Introductory Algebra, 3ed 55
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Subtraction Properties of 0
The difference of any number and that same number is 0.
9 – 9 = 0
The difference of any number and 0 is the same number.
7 – 0 = 7
Martin-Gay, Prealgebra & Introductory Algebra, 3ed 66
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Polygons
A polygon is a flat figure formed by line segments connected at their ends.
rectanglesquaretriangle
Geometric figures such as triangles, squares, and rectangles are called polygons.
Martin-Gay, Prealgebra & Introductory Algebra, 3ed 77
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Perimeter
The perimeter of a polygon is the The perimeter of a polygon is the distance around the polygonthe polygon.
Martin-Gay, Prealgebra & Introductory Algebra, 3ed 88
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Descriptions of problems solved through addition may include any of these key words or phrases:
Key Words Examples Symbols
added to 3 added to 9 3 + 9
plus 5 plus 22 5 + 22
more than 7 more than 8 7 + 8
total total of 6 and 5 6 + 5
increased by 16 increased by 7 16 + 7
sum sum of 50 and 11 50 + 11
Addition Problems
Martin-Gay, Prealgebra & Introductory Algebra, 3ed 99
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Descriptions of problems solved by subtraction may include any of these key words or phrases:
Key Words Examples Symbols
subtract subtract 3 from 9 9 – 3
difference difference of 8 and 2 8 – 2
less 12 less 8 12 – 8
less than 2 less than 20 20 – 2
take away 14 take away 9 14 – 9
decreased by 16 decreased by 7 16 – 7
subtracted from 5 subtracted from 9 9 – 5
Subtraction Problems
Martin-Gay, Prealgebra & Introductory Algebra, 3ed 1010
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Be careful when solving applications that suggest subtraction. Although order does not matter when adding, order does matter when subtracting. For example, 10 – 3 and 3 – 10 do not simplify to the same number.
Helpful Hint
Martin-Gay, Prealgebra & Introductory Algebra, 3ed 1111
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
Since subtraction and addition are reverse operations, don’t forget that a subtraction problem can be checked by adding.
Helpful Hint
Martin-Gay, Prealgebra & Introductory Algebra, 3ed 1212
Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall.
The graph shows the number of endangered species in each country.N
um
ber
of
En
dan
gere
d S
pec
ies
146146
8989 83837373
CountryCountry
Reading a Bar Graph
Source: Source: The Top 10 of Everything, Russell Ash..
72726464