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Copyright © 2014 Wolters Kluwer • All Rights Reserved

Chapter 4—Classification of Periodontal Diseases

and Conditions

Section 1Section 1—Major Diagnostic Categories of Major Diagnostic Categories of Periodontal DiseasePeriodontal Disease

Chapter 4—Classification of Periodontal Diseases

and Conditions

Section 1Section 1—Major Diagnostic Categories of Major Diagnostic Categories of Periodontal DiseasePeriodontal Disease


Topic Overview—Disease Classification

• What are the major diagnostic categories of periodontal disease?• What is the purpose of a classification system?• What is the current disease classification system?

2


Periodontal Disease

• Periodontal disease is a broad term

used to refer to a bacterial infection of the

periodontium.

• There are many specific periodontal

diseases that affect the periodontium.

3


Major DiagnosticCategories of

Periodontal Diseases

4


Gingivitis

• Bacterial infection confined to the gingiva• Damage to gingival tissues is reversible with good self-care and professional care.

6


Periodontitis

• Bacterial infection of– Gingiva– PDL– Bone– Cementum

• Destruction is irreversible.

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Is it Health, Gingivitis, or Periodontitis?

8


Periodontal Disease Versus Periodontitis

• Periodontal disease: Bacterial infection

of periodontium

– If the infection is limited to gingival tissues,

it is called gingivitis.

– If the infection involves all structures of the

periodontium, it is called periodontitis.

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Purposeof Classifying

Periodontal Diseases

10


Classification provides Information needed to

• Communicate clinical findings accurately and universally to other dental healthcare providers

• Present information to patients about their disease status

• Formulate individualized treatment plans• Predict treatment outcomes

11


CurrentDisease

Classification

12


AAP Classification (1999)

•In 1999, an international workshop adopted a new classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions.

•This classification was developed by the American Academy of Periodontology (AAP).

13


Prior Disease Classifications

• When reading the dental literature, you may come across unfamiliar names for periodontal diseases.• These most likely are from the 1989 classification of periodontal diseases.• You may need to refer to this older classification in order to determine the current terminology for the disease.

14


Terminology Example

• Early onset periodontitis (1989) is now called aggressive periodontitis (1999).• Journal articles written prior to the publication of 1999 classification will use the term early onset periodontitis.• There are classic studies in the dental literature that are still important today (e.g., Listgarten and Schroeder studies on the microscopic anatomy of the periodontium).• Readers should be aware that older terminology will be used in classic literature.

15


DiseaseSubdivisions

16


Gingival Diseases—Two Categories

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Periodontitis—Three Major Categories

18

Periodontitis—Main Categories

• Chronic periodontitis• Aggressive periodontitis• Manifestation of systemic disease• Necrotizing periodontal diseases• Abscesses of the periodontium• Deformities and conditions

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Recap—Disease Classification

• Periodontal disease is a general term for the bacterial infection of the periodontium.

• The two major diagnostic categories of periodontal disease are– Gingivitis– Periodontitis

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Recap—Disease Classification (cont.)

• Gingivitis—no attachment loss and reversible tissue damage• Periodontitis—attachment loss and permanent tissue damage

21


Recap—Disease Classification (cont.)

• Disease classification systems improve communication, treatment, and documentation of periodontal diseases.

• The 1999 AAP Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions is the current disease classification system.

22

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disease classification

permanent tissue damage

gingivitisno attachment

general term

bacterial infection