copyright © arema 2012 4: 1 of 30 module 4: railway equipment

COPYRIGHT © AREMA 2012 4: 2 of 30

Objectives

• Recognize various types of rolling stock

• Learn about major vehicle systems


Rolling Stock

• Locomotives• Rail Cars

– Passenger Coaches– Freight Cars

• Self-Propelled Rail Cars– Mainline– Rapid Transit/Light Rail

• Rail Maintenance Equipment (Module 10)


Rolling Stock: LocomotivesIntroduction

• Used to haul freight, passenger cars, or other rail equipment

• Heavy equipment used to haul large loads

• A number of standard designs exist to handle wide variety of tasks (freight, high speed, yard switching)


Rolling Stock: LocomotivesBasic Types

• Diesel Electric– DC – AC– Hybrids

• Electric– Single System– Multi-System

• Other– Diesel Mechanical– Diesel Hydraulic– Electro-Diesel


Rolling Stock: Rail CarsPassenger Coaches – Introduction

• Pulled/pushed by locomotives

• Vary in capacity according to application

• Low system complexity

• A number of standard designs available for different applications


Rolling Stock: Rail CarsPassenger Coaches – Basic Types

• Types– Single Level– Double Deck– Gallery– Custom

• Service Application– Commuter Rail– Intercity– High Speed

• Cab Car


Rolling Stock: Rail CarsFreight Cars – Introduction

• Pulled by locomotives• Vary in capacity

according to application

• Typically only equipped with friction brake equipment

• A number of standard designs available for different applications

BOX CAR

AUTO RACK CAR


Rolling Stock: Rail CarsFreight Cars –Basic Types

• Box Car• Tank Car• Hopper• Flatbed• Gondola• Intermodal• Specialized

(livestock, car carrier, refrigerated, etc.) DOUBLE STACK CONTAINER CAR

HOPPER CAR


Rolling Stock: Self-Propelled Rail CarsMainline – Introduction

• Each rail car is fitted with its own propulsion system (Diesel or Electric)

• Good performance characteristics (acceleration/deceleration/economy)

• Moderate to high systems complexity

• Variety of types exist (low speed/short haul to high speed/long haul, single/double deck)


Rolling Stock: Self Propelled Rail CarsMainline – Basic Types

• Passenger EMU– Catenary– Third Rail– Single/Multi System

• Passenger DMU– Diesel Mechanical– Diesel Hydraulic– Diesel Electric

• Hybrid Designs


Rolling Stock: Self Propelled Rail CarsRapid Transit/Light Rail – Introduction

• Used in urban transit applications (subway, streetcar, metro) on dedicated right of way

• Lightweight design that is not FRA compliant

• Moderate to high systems complexity

• Mostly custom built to fit specific performance/ infrastructure requirements


Rolling Stock: Self Propelled Rail CarsRapid Transit/Light Rail – Basic Types

• Rapid Transit/Heavy Rail– Catenary– Third Rail

• Light Rail/Street Car• Hybrid Designs


Vehicle Systems

• Carshell/Underframe• Trucks• Friction Brakes• Couplers/Drawbars• Propulsion• Sanding System• Other (Passenger Rail)


Vehicle Systems: Carshell / UnderframeIntroduction

• Structural backbone of railcars/ locomotives

• Different design approaches used, based on application

• Design driven by load capacity and safety requirements


Vehicle Systems: Carshell/UnderframeUnderframe Construction

Freight and Passenger Rail Coach

Light Rail/Rapid Transit


Vehicle Systems: Carshell/UnderframeCarshell Construction

Welded Steel Beam

Unibody / Extruded Aluminum


Vehicle Systems: Trucks (Bogies)Introduction

• Interface between rail and vehicle

• Different designs types exist, based on application

• Design driven by load capacity and speed requirements

• Two main categories are standard trucks and powered trucks


Vehicle Systems: Trucks& Truck Components

Freight / Passenger Coach Rail Car Truck

Locomotive / Powered Rail Car Truck


Vehicle Systems: TrucksWheels


Vehicle Systems: TrucksWheel/Rail Interface

• Wheel/rail interface is an important parameter for ensuring good vehicle performance

• Improper matching of wheel and track profiles can cause maintenance and safety issues


Vehicle Systems: TrucksWheel/Rail Interface

• For freight rail in North America, wheel profiles are defined by the AAR.

• For transit and light rail, vehicle wheels profile and other parameters must be selected to match the track

• Proper definition of wear limits and track parameter tolerances are critical


Vehicle Systems: Friction BrakesIntroduction

• All types of rail cars are equipped with friction brakes

• Main categories are tread and disc brakes

• Typically applied by air. Hydraulic, spring, and electric applied brakes are also used.

• Control methods include Air, E-P, and ECP


Vehicle Systems: Friction BrakesBrake Control

Air Brake Control


Vehicle Systems: Coupler / DrawbarIntroduction

• Used to join cars together to form a train

• Designs very greatly based on load and performance requirements

• Detachable or semi-permanent types are used, depending on requirements

STANDARD COUPLER USED BY FREIGHT RR IN NORTH AMERICA


Vehicle Systems: PropulsionIntroduction

• Used in locomotives and self-propelled rail cars

• System consists of motors and controls

• Propulsion used to accelerate and decelerate rail cars

• Main types include diesel, diesel-electric, and electric


Vehicle Systems: PropulsionDiesel/Electric

• In a locomotive, or any other type of diesel electric system, the diesel engine turns a generator, which creates electricity

• The electricity is delivered to electric motors that power each axle

• Variants include AC, DC, and Hybrid


Vehicle Systems: Sanding SystemIntroduction

• Used in locomotives and self-propelled rail cars

• System consists of sand boxes and nozzles at the lead end wheels

• The system pours sand at the wheel/rail interface when required to increase traction for acceleration and braking


Vehicle Systems: OtherIntroduction

• Passenger rail cars are equipped with a number of systems geared towards passenger comfort and safety

• Systems include:– Doors– HVAC– Communications– Auxiliary Power– Train Control


Questions?

Authors:

Marcin Taraszkiewicz, P.E.CH2M Hill, Inc. (312) [email protected]

Dallas R. Richards, P.E.Arcadis, inc. (703) [email protected]

copyright © arema 2012 4: 1 of 30 module 4: railway equipment

Documents

copyright arema

passenger cars

passenger rail sli

various types of rolling

rail equipment heavy

singledouble deck slide

car carrier

propulsion system diesel