copyright©2008 n.aljaffan®ksu1 chapter 11 information system development and programming language

Copyright©2008 N.AlJaffan®KSU

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Chap

ter 11

Information system developmentand

programming language


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Information system development

System System is a set of components that interact to is a set of components that interact to achieve a common goal.achieve a common goal.

Information system (IS) Information system (IS) is a collection of HW , is a collection of HW ,

SW, data, people and procedures that work SW, data, people and procedures that work

together to produce quality informationtogether to produce quality information..

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System development cycle System development cycle is a set of activities is a set of activities used to build an information systemused to build an information system..

System development cycle often organize System development cycle often organize

activities by grouping them into larger categories activities by grouping them into larger categories

called called phasesphases..

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Most system development cycles contain 5 phasesMost system development cycles contain 5 phases

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AnalysisAnalysis

DesignDesignImplementationImplementation

Operation, SupportOperation, Support and Securityand Security

PlanningPlanning

Perform detailed Perform detailed

analysis activitiesanalysis activities

•Study current Study current

systemsystem

•Determine user Determine user

requirementsrequirements

•Recommend Recommend

solutionsolution

•Acquire HW and Acquire HW and

SW, if necessarySW, if necessary

•Develop details Develop details

of systemof system

•Develop Develop

programs.programs.

•Install and Install and

test new test new

systemsystem

•Train usersTrain users

•Review Project Review Project

requestsrequests

•Prioritize Prioritize

project requestproject request

•Allocate Allocate

resourcesresources

•Form project Form project

development development

teamteam

Perform Perform

maintenance maintenance

activitiesactivities

•Monitor Monitor

system system

performanceperformance

•Assess system Assess system

securitysecurity

•Conduct Conduct

preliminary preliminary

investigationinvestigation


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Who participates in the system Who participates in the system development cycle?development cycle?

Project teamProject team includes both nontechnical user and It includes both nontechnical user and It

professionals.professionals.

System analystSystem analyst is designing and developing an is designing and developing an

information system.information system.

Project leaderProject leader one member of the team whose manages one member of the team whose manages

and controls the budget and schedule of the project.and controls the budget and schedule of the project.

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Project managementProject management

is the process of planning, scheduling and then controlling is the process of planning, scheduling and then controlling

the activities during the system development cycle.the activities during the system development cycle.

DocumentationDocumentation

is the collection and summarization of data and information.is the collection and summarization of data and information.

It includes reports, diagrams, programs or any other It includes reports, diagrams, programs or any other

information generated during the system development information generated during the system development

cycle.cycle.

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Programming Languages

Computer programComputer program is a series of instruction that is a series of instruction that directs a computer to perform tasks.directs a computer to perform tasks.

Computer programmerComputer programmer, some times called a , some times called a

developerdeveloper, writes and modifies computer , writes and modifies computer

programs.programs.

Programming languageProgramming language is a set of words, is a set of words,

symbols and codes that enables a programmer symbols and codes that enables a programmer

to communicate instructions to a computer.to communicate instructions to a computer.

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Two type of languages are low-level and high-Two type of languages are low-level and high-level.level.

Low-level languageLow-level language is a programming language is a programming language

that is machine dependent which runs on only that is machine dependent which runs on only

one particular type of computer.one particular type of computer.

High-level languagesHigh-level languages often are machine often are machine

independent which runs on many different types independent which runs on many different types

of computers and operating systems.of computers and operating systems.


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low-level languageslow-level languages

Machine languageMachine language Assembly languageAssembly language

Known as the first generation of programming language.Known as the first generation of programming language.

It is the only language the computer directly recognizes.It is the only language the computer directly recognizes.

Instructions use a series of binary digits or a combination of Instructions use a series of binary digits or a combination of

numbers and letters that represents binary digits.numbers and letters that represents binary digits.


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Assembly languageAssembly language

Known as the second generation of programming language.Known as the second generation of programming language.

Programmer write instructions using symbolic instruction codes.Programmer write instructions using symbolic instruction codes.

It can be difficult to learn.It can be difficult to learn.

The computer cannot execute the assembly source program.The computer cannot execute the assembly source program.

Source program : is the program that contains the language Source program : is the program that contains the language

codes.codes.

To convert the assembly code into machine language, To convert the assembly code into machine language,

programmers use a program called an assemblerprogrammers use a program called an assembler


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Procedural LanguagesProcedural Languages

The disadvantages of low-level languages led to The disadvantages of low-level languages led to

development of procedural languages.development of procedural languages.

Often called a third-generation languages (3GL).Often called a third-generation languages (3GL).

Programmer uses a series of English-like word Programmer uses a series of English-like word

to write instructions and arithmetic symbols .to write instructions and arithmetic symbols .


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Procedural LanguagesProcedural LanguagesProgrammers typically use either a compiler or an Programmers typically use either a compiler or an

interpreter to perform the translation interpreter to perform the translation ( from ( from source code to machine codesource code to machine code).).

CompilerCompiler is a separate program that converts is a separate program that converts

the entire source program into machine language the entire source program into machine language

before executing it.before executing it.

InterpreterInterpreter reads a code statement converts it reads a code statement converts it

to one or more machine language instructions to one or more machine language instructions

and then executes those instructions.and then executes those instructions.


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CompilerCompiler Object Object ProgramProgram ResultsResultsSourceSource

ProgramProgram

DataDataProgramProgramListingListing


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SourceSourceProgramProgram DataData

InterpreterInterpreter

ResultsResults


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Procedural LanguagesProcedural Languages

One advantage of an interpreter is that when it finds One advantage of an interpreter is that when it finds errors, it displays feedback immediately.errors, it displays feedback immediately.

The disadvantage is that interpreted programs do not run The disadvantage is that interpreted programs do not run as fast as compiled programs.as fast as compiled programs.

Example of procedural languages is Example of procedural languages is COBOL and CCOBOL and C..


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Object-Oriented Programming Object-Oriented Programming LanguagesLanguages

Programmers use an OOP language or OOP development Programmers use an OOP language or OOP development

tool to implement objects in a program.tool to implement objects in a program.

Program development toolProgram development tool is a program that provides is a program that provides

a user friendly environment for building programs.a user friendly environment for building programs.

A major benefit of OOP is the ability to reuse and modify A major benefit of OOP is the ability to reuse and modify

existing objects.existing objects.

Its work well in a Its work well in a RADRAD environment. environment.

Example of OOP languages are Example of OOP languages are Java , C++ and C#.Java , C++ and C#.


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The program development cycleThe program development cycle

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Design Design SolutionSolution

Validate Validate DesignDesign

ImplementImplementDesignDesign

TestTestSolutionSolution

DocumentDocumentSolutionSolution

AnalyzeAnalyze RequirementsRequirements

copyright©2008 n.aljaffan®ksu1 chapter 11 information system development and programming language

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