corangamite shire carbon inventory & management plan · 2017-09-05 · corangamite shire...

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Corangamite Shire Carbon Inventory &

Management Plan 2013/14 Financial Year

Prepared by: CarbonetiX Pty Ltd

Client: Corangamite Shire Council

Contact: Jileena Baensch, Environment Project Officer

Version: Final, 13/08/2015

Corangamite Shire Council

Carbon Inventory and Management Plan Page 1

Document control

Copyright © CarbonetiX 2015

Disclaimer

This report has been prepared with due professional care. While effort has been made to produce

accurate calculations and reasonable estimations, Carbonetix Pty. Ltd. accepts no responsibility for

loss arising in any way from or in connection with errors or omissions in any of its calculations or

recommendations or in information provided (including responsibility to any person by reason of

negligence).

Version Prepared by: Authorised by: Date issued

Draft V1 Emily Voogt and Rachel McCleery

Consultants

Graham Davies

Engineer

29/05/2015

Draft V2 Emily Voogt

Consultant

Graham Davies

Engineer

17/06/2015

Final draft Emily Voogt

Consultant

Graham Davies

Engineer

29/0/2015

Final Emily Voogt

Consultant

Graham Davies

Engineer

13/08/2015

Final Emily Voogt

Consultant

Graham Davies

Engineer

15/09/2015



Executive Summary

Corangamite Shire Council (“Council”) received funding from the Victorian Adaptation and

Sustainability Partnership Fund (VASP) to identify opportunities to mitigate climate risks and reduce

overall greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The project aligns with Corangamite Shire’s Environment

and Sustainability Strategy goal to reduce total GHG emissions produced by the Council’s operations

by 10% from 2013 levels by 2019. A portion of the VASP project funding has been used to

commission a Carbon Inventory and Carbon Management Plan to establish a baseline year of GHG

emissions to track planned reduction targets against. The Carbon Inventory establishes a baseline

inventory of the GHG emissions generated by Council operations in the 2013/14 financial year. The

Carbon Management Plan details various options to assist Council to reduce its GHG emissions and

improve data collection and reporting methodology.

The Carbon Inventory has been prepared commensurate with the Greenhouse Gas Protocol and the

ISO14064-1:2006 Standard, and is underpinned by the following key principles:

• Relevance

• Completeness

• Consistency

• Transparency

• Accuracy

These best practice methods underpin the reporting methodology under the National Greenhouse

and Energy Reporting (NGER) Scheme, which was introduced in 2007 to provide data and accounting

in relation to energy consumption and production, and associated GHG emissions. The Department

of Environment has formal oversight of the NGER Scheme and responsibility for tracking progress

against Australia's target under the Kyoto Protocol. At this stage Council is not legislated to report

under the NGER Scheme. If the legislation were to change in the future and Local Governments are

required to report, then Corangamite Shire Council will be able to do so more efficiently and with

less resources required by maintaining a Carbon Inventory and Management Plan.

In the past, Council has undertaken numerous energy efficiency and carbon abatement programs to

reduce energy use and GHG emissions of the Council’s operations. These programs have reduced the

Council’s emissions, however with no formal reporting process in place these reductions could not

be calculated to show a reduction in Council’s total emissions. This baseline inventory will allow

Council to track future GHG emissions and calculate reductions each year to year.

Corangamite Shire Council, in discussion with CarbonetiX, has decided to report on the following

sources of GHG emissions within their operational and/or financial control.

Scope 1

•Fleet fuels (operational & general)

•Stationary fuels

•Natural Gas consumption from owned building

•Landfill emissions from Naroghid Regional Landfill

Scope 2

•Grid sourced electricty consumption from Council managed buildings & public lighting

Scope 3

•Electricity consumption from the Victorian grid at Council buildings and public lighting

•Electricity consumption from municipal street lights (operated by DNSP-Powercor)

•Natural Gas consumption from Council owned buildings & fuel consumption from fleet and stationary energy



The total greenhouse gas emissions generated by the Corangamite Shire Council for the 2013/14

financial year have been calculated at 14,580 tonnes CO2-e for all Scope 1 (direct), Scope 2 and Scope

3 (indirect) emissions.

The total Scope 1 and Scope 2 emissions have been calculated at 13,801 tonnes CO2-e.

Based on the Council’s overall emissions reduction target of 10% below 2013/14 financial year levels

by 2019, an emissions reduction of 432 t CO2-e would need to be achieved (this excludes landfill

emissions from other councils). Council has set a number of individual targets in its Environmental &

Sustainability Strategy 2014-19 to reduce consumption (building energy/fuel) and landfill volume. If

these targets are met, emissions will reduce by 432 t CO2-e, which is in excess of Council’s

organisational target by 10 t CO2-e. This is a small overshoot and revision of the overall target is not

necessary.

This report documents a verifiable estimate of Corangamite Shire Council’s GHG emissions based on

data sourced from Council and third-party providers.

Corangamite Shire Council acknowledges that it has limited established processes and systems to

effectively capture all activity data across their organisation and therefore some data may be lacking

from the baseline inventory. Limitations in the validity of the data are expressed within each section

as well as an uncertainty analysis conducted at the conclusion of this report. The Carbon

Management Plan seeks to identify suggestions as to how this can be improved.

The Carbon Management Plan has been prepared following the EPA Victoria’s Carbon Management

Principals, which is a framework consisting of a comprehensive series of steps assembled into a

continuous improvement cycle which aids to prioritise actions to optimise environmental and

business outcomes.

1 2 3

0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000

Emissions Scope

tonnes CO₂-e

88

432

176 178

0 100 200 300 400 500

Equivalent emissions reduction

against individual targets

10% reduction against 2013/14

baseline by 2019

tonnes C02-e

Buildings'energy reduction Landfill reduction Transport fuel reduction



The recommended options proposed in the Carbon Management Plan are separated into four

categories as outlined below.

These options will assist Council to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions within the target timeframes

and improve data collection and reporting methodology to ensure future GHG inventories are as

accurate as possible. In the future it will be difficult to achieve the organisations goals for emissions

reductions without large scale investment.

Reporting Options

•Includes options to improve how data is collected and what other data is required for improving future carbon emission inventories.

Avoidence & Reduction

•Includes options to avoid emissions all together and to decrease the amount of emissions produced

Offsetting & Sequestration

•Includes options to balance the impact from the emissions which do remain

Tracking Targets to 2019

• Using the MAC Curve tool to identify most economically feasible projects with the greatest greenhouse gas benifit



Table of Contents

Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 7

Section 1: Carbon Inventory

1 Carbon Inventory Overview ................................................................................................. 11

1.1 Total GHG Emissions Breakdown ..........................................................................................11

1.2 Total GHG Emissions Summary .............................................................................................14

1.3 Scope 1 emissions .................................................................................................................15

1.3.1 Natural gas.....................................................................................................................15

1.3.2 Landfill ...........................................................................................................................15

1.3.3 Transport and Stationary Fuels .....................................................................................16

1.4 Scope 2 Emissions..................................................................................................................17

1.4.1 Electricity .......................................................................................................................17

1.5 Scope 3 Emissions..................................................................................................................19

1.5.1 Electricity .......................................................................................................................19

1.5.2 Natural Gas ....................................................................................................................19

1.5.3 Fuel ................................................................................................................................19

Section 2: Carbon Management Plan

2 Carbon Management Plan ................................................................................................... 21

2.1 GHG Emissions Reporting options .........................................................................................22

2.1.1 Landfill ...........................................................................................................................22

2.1.2 Transport and Stationary Fuels .....................................................................................22

2.1.3 Electricity .......................................................................................................................23

2.1.4 Unmetered public lighting .............................................................................................23

2.2 Emissions Reduction and Avoidance .....................................................................................24

2.2.1 Electricity .......................................................................................................................24

2.2.2 Landfill ...........................................................................................................................24

2.2.3 Transport Fuels ..............................................................................................................25

2.2.4 Street Lighting ...............................................................................................................26

2.3 GreenPower and Carbon Offsets ..........................................................................................26

2.3.1 GreenPower ...................................................................................................................26

2.3.2 Offsets ...........................................................................................................................27

2.4 Carbon Capture and Sequestration .......................................................................................28

2.4.1 Methane Capture from Landfill .....................................................................................28

2.4.2 Carbon Sequestration ....................................................................................................28

2.5 Tracking Targets to 2019 .......................................................................................................29

2.5.1 Prioritising emission reduction projects ........................................................................30

2.6 Uncertainty Analysis ..............................................................................................................32

Glossary of Terms ................................................................................................................... 33



Summary of Figures

Figure 1: EPA Victoria’s Carbon Management Framework ................................................................. 8

Figure 2: Total Emissions Breakdown – FY 2013/14 ......................................................................... 12

Figure 3: GHG Emissions by Scope – FY 2013/14 .............................................................................. 13

Figure 4: Breakdown of stationary and transport fuel consumption by fuel type ............................ 16

Figure 5: Breakdown of electricity consumption by source .............................................................. 18

Figure 6: EPA Carbon Management Principles overview .................................................................. 21

Figure 7: High-level versus low-level emission targets comparison ................................................. 30

Figure 8: Example of a MAC Curve. ................................................................................................... 31

Summary of Tables

Table 1: Carbon Inventory summary ................................................................................................. 14

Table 2: Electricity consumption by site type ................................................................................... 18

Table 3: Landfill emission reporting .................................................................................................. 22

Table 4: Transport and stationary fuels emission reporting ............................................................. 22

Table 5: Electricity emissions reporting ............................................................................................ 23

Table 6: Unmetered public lighting emissions reporting .................................................................. 23

Table 7: Grid-sourced electricity emissions reduction and avoidance ............................................. 24

Table 8: Landfill emissions reduction and avoidance ........................................................................ 25

Table 9: Transport and stationary fuels emissions reduction and avoidance ................................... 26

Table 10: Street lighting emissions reduction and avoidance........................................................... 26

Table 11: Green Power emissions reduction and avoidance ............................................................ 27

Table 12: Carbon offsets emissions reduction and avoidance .......................................................... 27

Table 13: Methane capture ............................................................................................................... 28

Table 14: Carbon offsets emissions reduction and avoidance .......................................................... 28

Table 15: Summary of reduction targets as outlined in Corangamite Shire’s Environment &

Sustainability Strategy 2014-2019 ..................................................................................................... 29

Table 16: Prioritising emissions reduction projects .......................................................................... 31

Table 17: Carbon Inventory assumptions and assessment of uncertainty ....................................... 32



Introduction

The Corangamite Shire Council is a small rural council, covering 4600 square kilometres, located in

the Western District of Victoria. The Council provides a range of services including aged care and

disability service, animal and livestock management, art and cultural programs, environmental

health services, environmental management, rates and payments, roads and infrastructure and

waste management services.

The Council secured funding under the Victorian Adaptation and Sustainability Partnership Fund to

manage its exposure to climate risks and identify growing opportunities through developing a

strategic carbon management plan to identify climate risk planning and adaptation opportunities.

This Carbon Inventory and Management Plan was commissioned by Jileena Baensch, the

Environmental Project Officer for the Council. The purpose of this document is to provide Council

with a baseline inventory for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions produced in the 2013/14 financial

year, as well as a management plan outlining the methodologies used, results of the inventory and

recommended strategies and policies to manage Council’s GHG emissions into the future.

The Council has recently completed an Environment and Sustainability Strategy which sets out the

strategic directions for environment and sustainability over the next 5 years. In this strategy Council

has committed to reducing GHG emissions produced by Council by 10% from 2013 levels by 2019.

In the past, Council has implemented many energy efficiency and carbon abatement programs to

reduce energy use and GHG emissions of Council’s operations, these programs include:

→ Staff tree planting/plant propagation to offset emissions from Council vehicles, 2000 plants

annually.

→ Replacing old, inefficient lighting with T5 fluorescent or LED’s.

→ Installing solar power on Councils office and depot in Camperdown and at various other

facilities across the shire, including kindergartens/MCH centres, libraries, senior citizen

centres and town halls.

→ Installing solar hot water at a number of kindergartens.

→ Purchasing energy, fuel and water efficient products (ideally energy and water star ratings of

4 stars or above and the highest Green Vehicle Guide star rating).

→ Upgrading 853 street lights to T5’s and LED’s through a replacement rollout.

→ Managing Council’s offset sites, including planting native flora species.

These programs, over the years, have reduced Council’s emissions, however with no formal

reporting process in place, these reductions could not be calculated to show a reduction in Councils

total emissions.

The Carbon Inventory has been prepared by CarbonetiX commensurate with the Greenhouse Gas

Protocol and ISO14064-1:2006 Standard. All GHG emission factors have been sourced from the

Australian National Greenhouse Accounts - NGA Factors (December 2014). The Carbon Management

Plan has been developed against the framework outlined in the Victorian EPA’s Carbon Management

Principles.



Corangamite Shire Council, in discussion with CarbonetiX, has decided to report on the following

sources of GHG emissions within their operational and/or financial control:

Corangamite Shire Council acknowledges that it has limited established processes and systems to

effectively capture all activity data across their organisation and therefore some data may be lacking

from the baseline inventory. The Carbon Management Plan seeks to identify suggestions for how this

can be improved.

The Carbon Management Plan has been prepared following the EPA Victoria’s Carbon Management

Principals; a framework consisting of a comprehensive series of steps assembled into a continuous

improvement cycle. The process is illustrated in Figure 1.

Figure 1: EPA Victoria’s Carbon Management Framework

Sco

pe

1 E

mis

iso

ns

Operational fleet fuel

General fleet fuel

Stationary fuels

Natural gas consumption from council owned buildings

Landfill emissions from the Naroghid Landfill Site

Sco

pe

2 E

mis

sio

ns

Electicity consumption from the Victorian electrcity grid in Council owned buildings and from Council managed public lighting.

Sco

pe

3 E

mis

sio

ns

Electricity consumption from the Victorian electricity grid at Council owned buildings & for Council managed public lighting.

Electricity consumption from municipal street lighting under the operational control of the distribution network service provider (DNSP-Powercor).

Natural gas consumption from Council owned buildings and fuel consumption for operational fleet, general fleet and stationary purposes.



This report determines and documents a verifiable estimate of Corangamite Shire Council’s GHG

emissions based on data sourced primarily from the Council. Any limitations in the validity of the

data are expressed within each section as well as an uncertainty analysis conducted at the

conclusion of this report.

It is important to note that the Carbon Inventory is likely to have varying emission figures compared

to previous figures calculated under the Cities for Climate Protection (CCP) Program, due to

differences in calculation methodology and emission factors. This inventory has been prepared

commensurate with the Greenhouse Gas Protocol and the ISO14064-1:2006 Standard to calculate

the emissions. These standard methods are used to report under the National Greenhouse and

Energy Reporting (NGER) Scheme, which was introduced in 2007 to provide data and accounting in

relation to GHG emissions and energy consumption and production which are consistent and

comparable to inventories from different countries.

The Department of the Environment has formal oversight of the NGER Scheme and responsibility for

tracking progress against Australia's target under the Kyoto Protocol. At this stage the Council is not

legislated to report under the NGER’s scheme, but if the legislation changes in the future and Local

Governments are required to report, then Corangamite Shire will be able to do so easily and with

limited resources required.


Section 1: Carbon Inventory Page 10

Section 1: Carbon Inventory



1 Carbon Inventory Overview

The Carbon Inventory details Council’s GHG emissions over a 12 month financial period (2013-2014)

to develop an understanding of opportunities and priority areas to reduce future GHG emissions.

Emissions are categorised based on type and source, with high emission sources later addressed in

the Carbon Management Plan.

1.1 Total GHG Emissions Breakdown

The Carbon Inventory includes GHG emissions analysed and quantified for the 2013/14 financial year

created from the following activities, which fall under the Council’s operational and financial

control1.

→ Operation and maintenance of the Naroghid Regional Landfill site.

→ The combustion of fuels across Council’s general fleet (i.e. light vehicles).

→ The combustion of fuels across Council’s operational fleet (i.e. heavy vehicles).

→ The combustion of fuels from stationary storages in Council-owned equipment.

(e.g. mowers, trailers, brush-cutters, pump units and pressure-cleaners).

→ The use of stationary liquefied bottled gas (LPG).

→ The consumption of reticulated natural gas for Council buildings.

→ The consumption of electricity sourced from Victoria’s electricity grid.

As shown in Figure 2, the largest contributor of GHG emissions for Council is the operation and

maintenance of the Naroghid Regional Landfill. The total emissions generated from landfill account

for 78% of Councils total emissions, while the remaining 28% includes all the other emissions

generated by Council. Of Council’s 28% emissions, 10% is from diesel use for Council’s operational

fleet, 6% is from Council’s own kerbside collection, 5% if from grid-sourced electricity, 5% from

indirect emissions (scope 3), followed by general fleet at 2%.

It is important to note that emissions from landfill generated by other councils in the region will

always remain difficult for Corangamite Shire to manage, given that Council has no direct control

over the source of these emissions. However, Council does have operational control at the Naroghid

Landfill site and therefore the emissions generated are included in the emissions profile for the

organisation.

1 Operational Control describes the authority with the power to introduce or implement operating policies,

environmental policies or OH&S policies at the facility. Financial control describes the single authority with

the greatest economic interest in the facility.



Figure 2: Total Emissions Breakdown – FY 2013/14

Sources of emissions from the Council’s operations are categorised as Scope 1, Scope 2 or Scope 3

emissions, as shown in Figure 3.

Scope 1 emissions occur from sources owned or controlled by the Council. The emission sources

under the operational and financial control of Council include landfills, general fleet vehicles,

operational fleet vehicles and stationary fuels. Scope 1 emissions are the most significant contributor

to Council’s GHG inventory. The total emissions from Council’s Scope 1 emission sources for the

2013/14 financial year are equivalent to approximately 13,120 tonnes of CO2-e.

Scope 2 emissions are activities that generate electricity, steam or distributed heating or cooling,

that is consumed by the organisation but are not directly produced by the organisation. Although

electricity consumption occurs across the Council’s operations, electricity is a direct emission source

of electricity generators only. The Council has not provided any evidence of generating electricity

through the gathering, processing, and treating of methane gas emitted from decomposition to

produce electricity at its landfill site. The total emissions from the consumption of electricity (after

GreenPower abatement) by Council are equivalent to 681 tonnes of CO2-e.

Scope 3 emissions are other indirect emissions that are created from sources not owned or directly

controlled by the Council, and under the NGER Act may be reported voluntarily. Some examples of

Scope 3 emissions include business air travel, employee commuting and waste disposal. This inventory

includes all scope 3 emissions attributable to the extraction, production and transport of fossil fuels

(ULP, LPG etc.) consumed for Council’s operations, and indirectly by generators for the supply of

electricity for Council’s operations. These Scope 3 emissions account for 779 tonnes of CO2-e.

General fleet (Scope 1)

2%

Indirect emissions

(Scope 3)

5%

Natural gas (Scope 1)

0%

Grid-sourced

electricity (Scope 2)

5%

Landfill - Other

Councils in region

72%

Landfill -

Corangamite SC

kerbside

6% Operational

fleet

10%

Stationary

fuels

0%

Other Council

Emissions

28%

Total Emissions breakdown



Figure 3: GHG Emissions by Scope – FY 2013/14

Scope 1, 13,120

Scope 2,

681

Scope 3,

779

0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 10,000 12,000 14,000 16,000

Emissions

Scope

tonnes CO₂-e



1.2 Total GHG Emissions Summary

Table 1 provides a summary of the total emissions from each GHG emission source included for the

2013/14 financial year. Council’s net emissions after discounting abatement measures (e.g.

GreenPower) for the FY 2013/14 period total 14,580 tonnes of CO2-e.

Table 1: Carbon Inventory summary

Emissions source Emissions (t C0₂-e) Proportion of total

Scope 1 - Direct Emissions

General Fleet (Diesel) 14 0.1%

General Fleet (ULP) 182 1.3%

General Fleet (Biodiesel) - 0.0%

General Fleet (Ethanol) 0 0.0%

General Fleet (LPG) 40 0.3%

Operational Fleet (Diesel) 1,546 10.6%

Operational Fleet (ULP) - 0.0%

Operational Fleet (Biodiesel) - 0.0%

Operational Fleet (Ethanol) - 0.0%

Operational Fleet (LPG) - 0.0%

Stationary Fuels (Diesel) - 0.0%

Stationary Fuels (ULP) - 0.0%

Stationary Fuels (Ethanol Blend) - 0.0%

Stationary Fuels (Biodiesel) - 0.0%

Stationary Fuels (LPG) 4 0.0%

Natural Gas 4 0.0%

Refrigerants - 0.0%

Landfill - Other Council waste 10,448 71.7%

Landfill - Corangamite SC kerbside 882 6.0%

Total Scope 1 13,120 90.0%

Scope 2 - Indirect Emissions

Grid-sourced electricity consumption

(excluding GreenPower *) 872 6.0%

GreenPower abatement -191 -1.3%

Total Scope 2 681 4.7%

Scope 3 - Indirect Emission, Voluntary

Electricity - Council operations 135 0.9%

Electricity - Distributor street lighting 78 0.5%

Natural Gas (Scope 3) 0 0.0%

Corporate Travel (tram) - 0.0%

Corporate Travel (bus) - 0.0%

Corporate Travel (rail) - 0.0%

Corporate Travel (taxi) - 0.0%

Corporate Travel (flights long-haul) - 0.0%

Corporate Travel (flights medium-haul) - 0.0%

Corporate Travel (flights short-haul) - 0.0%



Diesel (Scope 3) 3 0.0%

ULP (Scope 3) 423 2.9%

Biodiesel (Scope 3) - 0.0%

LPG (Scope 3) 140 1.0%

Paper (recycled) - 0.0%

Paper (virgin) - 0.0%

Water Supply - 0.0%

Total Scope 3 779 5.3%

Total Scope 1,2 and 3 Emissions

(excluding GreenPower) 14,580 100.0%

GreenPower abatement 191

1.3 Scope 1 emissions

The Scope 1 emission sources that have been evaluated for the Carbon Inventory include landfill

waste, transport fuels (general fleet and operational fleet), stationary fuels and natural gas

consumption. Background information and the methodology applied in this assessment will be

discussed in the following sections.

1.3.1 Natural gas

A small number of the Council’s buildings utilise reticulated natural gas. The total emissions from

consumption of natural gas for the 2013/14 financial year equates to 4 tonnes of CO2-e.

1.3.2 Landfill

The Council own and operate the Naroghid Regional Landfill site. Council has indicated that methane

capture or flaring is not occurring at this landfill. As a result, all the methane emitted by the landfill is

released into the atmosphere as greenhouse gases. Council provided CarbonetiX with details on the

opening dates of the landfill and weighbridge data specific to the Naroghid Regional Landfill site.

The weighbridge data provided was categorised into municipal solid waste (MSW) and commercial

and industrial (C&I), which is understood to also include construction and demolition waste. Total

emissions for the 2013/14 financial year were calculated using the National Greenhouse and Energy

Reporting (NGER) Solid Waste Calculator, which is underpinned by the NGER Measurement

Determination (2008).

Total emissions from the Naroghid Regional Landfill for the 2013/14 financial year equates to 11,330

tonnes of CO2-e. It’s important to note that as the Landfill is a regional facility; it accepts waste from

other Council’s kerbside collections, not just waste from Corangamite Shire operations. Corangamite

Shire owns and operates the Landfill, and therefore has responsibility for the emissions it produces,

however Council has limited control over reducing the waste produced from other Council’s. The

emissions generated from waste collected from Corangamite Shire Council’s kerbside waste

collection equate to 882 tonnes of CO2-e, of which 71 tonnes is from onsite composting of green

waste received via Council’s kerbside collection.



1.3.3 Transport and Stationary Fuels

A breakdown of transport and stationary fuel emissions is shown in Figure 4.

Figure 4: Breakdown of stationary and transport fuel consumption by fuel type

General Fleet

General fleet consists of all Council owned or leased light vehicles, including utility vehicles, sedans

and buses. Data on fuel type and consumption of each fleet vehicle was obtained from records

maintained by Council. A combination of diesel, unleaded petrol (ULP), and liquefied petroleum gas

(LPG) and a small proportion of ethanol is consumed by the general fleet vehicles. Diesel powered,

ULP and LPG powered general fleet vehicles consumed approximately 5 kL of diesel, 80 kL of ULP and

26 kL of LPG. Ethanol contributed 0.03 kL to the total fuel consumption for the general fleet. The

total emissions from general fleet sources for the 2013/14 financial year equates to 236 tonnes of

CO2-e.

Operational Fleet

Operational fleet consists of all Council owned or leased heavy vehicles commonly used for

construction and maintenance works within the municipality. These types of vehicles include

excavators, backhoes, loaders, smooth-drum and pad-foot rollers, graders and trucks. All operational

fleet vehicles were found to consume diesel only. Approximately 573 kL of diesel was consumed by

operational fleet vehicles within the 2013/14 financial year. Diesel consumption by operational fleet

vehicles equates to 1,546 tonnes of CO2-e per year.

General Fleet (Diesel)

1%

General Fleet

(ULP)

10%

General Fleet

(Ethanol)

0%

General Fleet (LPG)

2%

Operational Fleet

(Diesel)

87%

Stationary

Fuels (LPG)

0%



Stationary Fuels

Stationary fuels are mainly fuels that are stored and used to power Council owned or leased

equipment, such as mowers, trailers, pressure cleaners, pump units, blowers, brush-cutters and

compressors, but also includes bottled LPG used at some Council buildings. Stationary fuel activity

data supplied by Council was for unleaded petrol and bottled LPG. The total emissions from

stationary sources for the 2013/14 financial year equates to 4 t CO2-e.

1.4 Scope 2 Emissions

The Scope 2 emission source assessed for the Council’s Carbon Inventory is from the consumption of

grid sourced electricity. The methodology for determining the electricity consumption of sites within

the municipality, as well as the total emissions produced by this activity is discussed in the following

sub-section.

1.4.1 Electricity

Electricity consumption was assessed for sites within Council’s operational and financial control.

These sites include (but are not limited to) the following:

• Council chambers, Civic Centre,

Council depot

• Swimming pools

• Libraries

• Public toilets

• Sports facilities

Parks and reserves

• Pre-schools

• Halls and RSL halls

• Other miscellaneous facilities

Council procures all of its electricity from AGL and has provided evidence of purchasing 18% of its

total electricity consumption as GreenPower within the 2013/14 financial year. This includes 10%

GreenPower procured across Council’s multi-site Electricity Supply Contract with AGL and an average

of 21% for electricity procured for municipal street lighting (NMI 62030088532 and NMI

6203008854). Electricity consumption data for these electricity supplies was provided to Council by

AGL, which was subsequently forwarded on to CarbonetiX.

Analysis of the data provided by Council found that Council’s total net emissions (after excluding

GreenPower) from the consumption of electricity equated to 681 tonnes of C02-e. As illustrated in

Figure 5, electricity consumption contributes approximately 5% of Council’s total net emissions. It is

also evident that the largest sources of emissions for electricity consumption are attributable to

Council’s key facilities (including Civic Centre, Camperdown Theatre and depot sites), public

swimming pools and sports facilities.



Figure 5: Breakdown of electricity consumption by source

Table 2: Electricity consumption by site type

Facility type

Consumption

(kWh)

Unmetered power 5,037

Public Lighting 5,763

Public toilets 6,128

Senior Citizens 8,424

Visitor centre 11,460

Disability Services 12,426

Parks and reserves 14,494

Pre-schools 14,835

Naroghid Regional Landfill 31,511

Maternal & Child Healthcare centres 45,409

Libraries 45,766

Miscellaneous facilities/assets 50,026

RSL halls, Senior Citizens 71,179

Saleyards 75,744

Sports facilities 86,464

Swimming pools 149,071

Council (inc. Civic Centre, Camperdown Theatre and Depot sites) 266,966

Total 900,702

GreenPower procured within this amount 161,918

Unmetered power

1%

Public Lighting

1%

Public toilets

1%Senior Citizens

1%

Visitor centre

1%

Disability Services

1%

Parks and reserves

2%

Pre-schools

2%

Maternal & Child

Healthcare centres

5%Landfill

3%

Libraries

5%

Miscellaneous

facilities/assets

6%

RSL halls, Senior

Citizens

8%

Saleyards

8%

Sports facilities

10%

Swimming pools

17%

Council (inc. Civic

centre, theatre and

depots)

30%



1.5 Scope 3 Emissions

Scope 3 emissions evaluated for the Carbon Inventory have been limited to:

• emissions attributable to the extraction, production and transport of fossil fuels

consumed for the Council’s operations, and indirectly by generators for the supply of

electricity for the Council’s operations; and

• Municipal street lighting under the operational control of the DNSP.

Other common Scope 3 emissions such as corporate travel, employee travel and waste disposal have

been excluded from the Carbon Inventory, due to difficulty in sourcing relevant and complete

activity data.

1.5.1 Electricity

Scope 3 emissions from the consumption of electricity for Council’s operations in the 2013/14

financial year accounted for 135 tonnes CO2-e.

Electricity consumption data for municipal street lighting were provided to Council by AGL, which

was subsequently forwarded on to CarbonetiX. Whilst the Council pay for the electricity

consumption and maintenance of the street lighting, these assets are under the operational control

of the DNSP, who maintain and operate these lights, and is therefore defined as a Scope 3 emission

source. For the 2013/14 financial year, total Scope 3 emissions from street lighting equated to 78

tonnes CO2-e.

1.5.2 Natural Gas

Natural gas consumption as a Scope 3 emission source accounted for a small proportion of the total

emissions at 0.3 tonnes CO2-e.

1.5.3 Fuel

Fuel consumption including diesel, ULP and LPG, as a Scope 3 emission source accounted for 565

tonnes CO2-e.


Section 2: Carbon Management Plan Page 20

Section 2: Carbon Management Plan



2 Carbon Management Plan

The Council has recently completed an Environment and Sustainability Strategy 2014-2019 which

sets out the strategic directions for environment and sustainability over the next 5 years. In this

strategy, Council has committed to reducing its GHG emissions by 10% from 2013 levels by 2019.

Table 15 provides a summary of reduction targets as outlined in Corangamite Shire’s Environment &

Sustainability Strategy 2014-2019 and the equivalent emissions targets (in tonnes of CO2-e) required.

This Carbon Management Plan also details opportunities for Council to work towards their

Environment and Sustainability Strategy to reach this target, as well as others.

The Carbon Management Plan has been prepared following EPA Victoria’s Carbon Management

Principals; to measure emissions, to set objectives such as goals and targets to manage GHG emissions,

to avoid generating emissions, to reduce activities that generate emissions, to switch to less

greenhouse intensive energy sources, to consider sequestration, to assess whether the goals have

been met, to offset residual GHG emissions and finally to review the Carbon Management Plan to keep

up with technological advances and new practices. The process is outlined in Figure 6.

Figure 6: EPA Carbon Management Principles overview

Opportunities across three areas are detailed in this section:

1. Emissions Reporting

2. Emissions Avoidance and Reduction

3. Offsetting and Sequestration

In order to effectively reduce GHG emissions it is imperative that the Council is able to effectively

monitor and report on emissions generated by its facilities and operations. Effective tracking of

emissions will allow Council to identify and prioritise emission reduction measures in order to

achieve its carbon reduction target.



2.1 GHG Emissions Reporting options

2.1.1 Landfill

To comply with environmental and safety regulations, it is best practice to identify the types of

wastes entering a landfill and record this for use in reporting.

Table 3: Landfill emission reporting

Current practice Weighbridge data for the Naroghid Regional Landfill site is categorised

into two waste types:

1. Municipal solid waste; and

2. Commercial & Industrial (combination of C&I, biosolids, grease

traps and hazardous waste)

Council also record what is received from its kerbside waste collection

services, for both MSW and green waste.

Option Document weighbridge data for a third waste category,

“Construction and demolition”, a combination of construction and

demolition & clean fill. Currently this waste stream is expected for

form part of Council’s category for C&I waste.

2.1.2 Transport and Stationary Fuels

Current data collection and reporting methods for fuel consumption allow for accurate calculation of

emissions for Council. It is recommended that an assessment be conducted to ensure the

completeness of the fuel data for future GHG assessments. A small portion of the fuel data was not

allocated to specific fuel type, therefore, it could not be determined if the fuel used was diesel, ULP

or another fuel type. Also, the supplier of fuel data within Council, primarily the Council Depot,

should be informed of Council’s reporting requirements early in the financial year to ensure that the

data is formatted appropriately. This process will also enable the depot to supply the data in a timely

manner at the time of reporting.

Table 4: Transport and stationary fuels emission reporting

Current practice Diesel data is extracted from the Council’s Depot Data fuel system

Stationary fuel data is compiled from paper receipts

Option Install utility/environmental tracking software to capture fuel

consumption data



2.1.3 Electricity

The data provided by Council was information specific to accounts for AGL. A request was made by

Council to the electricity retailer, and further requests were required to ensure timely submission of

this information. The collection of electricity consumption data through this process is tedious and

largely dependent on the accuracy of the electricity retailer. Furthermore, utility data provided by

AGL may not accurately portray electricity consumption in the case of estimated readings, resulting

in either under or over estimating electricity consumption and associated GHG emissions. It was also

observed that some GreenPower amounts were in excess of the sites actual consumption, which

would appear to be incorrect.

It is recommended that environmental/utility tracking software be installed and used by Council to

create a database of Council’s electricity consumption (and other emission sources) from which

analysis can be conducted and reports can be produced. A software program, such as the one

developed by CarbonetiX called CarbonmetriX, that is capable of extracting and archiving

consumption data from invoices and creating usage and emissions reports should be considered.

Table 5: Electricity emissions reporting

Current practice Bulk electricity consumption data is requested from the energy

retailer

Options Review electricity data that is based on estimated meter readings

and check whether this is an ongoing issue

Install utility/environmental tracking software to collate

electricity data

Undertake a meter audit and bill validation process to ensure

data accurately relates to asset

2.1.4 Unmetered public lighting

Electricity consumption from unmetered, Council managed public lighting is currently determined

through electricity invoices provided by AGL. The invoices provide the lamp type and wattage, from

which an estimation of emissions can be made assuming hours of operation. Based on invoices

supplied by Council, unmetered public lighting is limited. For the purposes of this Carbon Inventory,

electricity consumption for unmetered public lighting has been estimated assuming the lights are

operational 12 hours daily.

To validate the unmetered public lighting emissions, it is suggested that Council develops and

maintains an inventory of all Council managed, unmetered public lights within the municipality.

Table 6: Unmetered public lighting emissions reporting

Current practice Electricity invoices for unmetered public lighting are requested

from the energy retailer and electricity consumption is

estimated.

Option For unmetered public lighting, develop an inventory of the

council managed public lighting assets to include details such as

lamp type, quantity of lamps, lamp wattage and hours of

operation to allow calculation of electricity consumption and

associated emissions.



2.2 Emissions Reduction and Avoidance

Scope 1 and Scope 2 emission sources fall directly under the operational control of Council. It is

therefore recommended that Council prioritise emissions reduction measurements for Scope 1 and

Scope 2 emission sources. The implementation of reduction measures for Scope 3 emission sources

have limitations and will require the buy-in of external stakeholders.

2.2.1 Electricity

Grid-sourced electricity consumption contributes to 23% of Council’s total GHG emissions (without

accounting for GreenPower). This provides an opportunity to reduce emissions by improving energy

efficiency and encouraging sustainability practices across the Council’s building portfolio and

operations. The GHG emissions produced by the consumption of grid sourced electricity from

Council buildings and facilities can be reduced through energy efficiency improvements and by

harnessing onsite renewable energy. The most significant benefits are often achieved through

heating and cooling optimisation and upgrades, lighting controls and upgrades and installation of

roof-top solar PV systems. Other actions could include the development or enhancement of

behaviour change programs, such as “switch-off” campaigns to reduce excess energy consumption

from lighting, computers, heaters, and air conditioners.

In order to accurately determine the potential for the reduction of emissions from electricity

consumption, it is recommended that the Council reviews and commission (where required) new

energy audits for Council buildings and facilities to highlight and prioritise energy efficiency

measures.

Table 7: Grid-sourced electricity emissions reduction and avoidance

Current practice Council are committed to reducing energy consumption across its

operations and implement a range of initiatives to reduce its

organisational emissions.

Council has conducted many energy audits at Council owned

buildings in former years

Options Undertake additional or update energy audits starting with the

highest consuming facilities to identify, document and prioritise

emission reduction opportunities

Consider further investment in renewable energy sources, such as

solar power/hot water systems, to reduce dependence on grid-

sourced electricity

Implement behaviour change programs for internal Council staff,

as well as community based programs

2.2.2 Landfill

The Naroghid Regional Landfill site contributes approximately 30% of the Council’s total GHG

emissions, of which 12% are from the Council’s kerbside collection and 88% is from other councils in

the region. While technology may contribute to the amelioration of these emissions from current

waste, a key factor to reducing future GHG emissions from landfill is in reducing the total volume of



waste going into landfill. This is difficult given that Council has limited control over reducing the

amount of waste entering the landfill from other councils.

To achieve a reduction in Corangamite’s kerbside waste, the development of shire-wide waste

education programs promoting composting and “reduce, reuse, recycle” programs could be

established. Programs could also work with local schools and community groups to educate and

empower all community members to reduce their waste outputs. These programs may also see

benefits extend to beyond the environmental, building a sense of community and encouraging long-

term sustainability.

Table 8: Landfill emissions reduction and avoidance

Current practice • Council provides weekly kerbside collection services to

residents who living in the townships of Camperdown,

Cobden, Derrinallum, Glenormiston, Gnotuk Lismore, Port

Campbell, Simpson, Skipton, Terang and Timboon. This

includes collection of:

- Recycling (yellow lid bins)

- Green organics (green lid bins)

- Household rubbish (red lid bins)

• Council provide waste disposal facilities including recycling

of various items across six transfer stations.

• Council has installed public place recycling bins at the Port

Campbell Foreshore, the Finlay Avenue in Camperdown, and

the Timboon and Cobden townships.

Options • Promote “reduce, reuse, recycle” and composting within the

wider community to reduce waste production

• Consider the viability of increasing the range of recycling

services at transfer stations where certain recycling options

are not available

• Expand public place recycling bins to other local townships.

• Explore innovative solutions for recovery from landfill

• Continue involvement with Barwon South West Waste and

Resource Recover Group to ensure all councils are working

towards reducing waste going to Corangamite Shire’s

Landfill

• Review Naroghid Landfill gate fees annually to ensure they

reflect true cost of landfilling

• Undertake waste audits at Council facilities to identify

actions to avoid and minimise waste generation and

increase resource recovery

2.2.3 Transport Fuels

Diesel consumption from the operational fleet is the highest contributor of fuel emissions. In order

to reduce emissions from fuel consumption, it is recommended that any old operational fleet are

replaced with new and more fuel-efficient heavy vehicles. The substitution of diesel with biodiesel in

Council’s operational fleet is not a viable option as there is unlikely to be a reliable source of

biodiesel in the region. Therefore, the most appropriate measures for the reduction of operational



fleet fuel emissions is the use of more fuel-efficient vehicles and the sensible use of vehicles (i.e.

economical driving practices).

For the general fleet, the highest source of emissions was from UPL fuelled vehicles. It is

recommended that where possible small fuel-efficient vehicles are purchased rather than 4WD/SUV

vehicle types, as the latter generate greater GHG emissions. Alternatively, by purchasing hybrid

vehicles that incorporate electric power, which are now very common in the market and are cost

competitive, emissions from the general fleet could be reduced.

Table 9: Transport and stationary fuels emissions reduction and avoidance

Current practice Regular servicing of general and operational fleet

Option Commission energy audits for transport related activities (AS/NZS

3598.3:2014) to identify areas for efficiency improvements

Implement behaviour change programs, such as opting for public

transport, car-pooling or ride/walk to work days

Consider investing in smaller 4 – 6 cylinder or electric powered fleet

vehicles

2.2.4 Street Lighting

Council have recently upgraded street lighting to energy efficient T5 fluorescent and LED lighting,

reducing the associated GHG emissions. Given street lighting is a Scope 3 emission source and any

further GHG emissions reductions may be prevented by distributor regulations, there are no

recommendations for street lighting upgrades. However, other public lighting, such as lighting in

parks and gardens or car parks, is controlled and operated by Council, and provides an opportunity

for further lighting upgrades. It is recommended that these lights also be upgraded to either T5

fluorescent or LED lights.

Table 10: Street lighting emissions reduction and avoidance

Current practice Municipal street lights have been upgraded to energy efficient

lights

Options Upgrade other public lighting managed by Council to energy

efficient T5 fluorescent or LED lighting

Liaise with Vic Roads to work towards changing cost-shared

lights to LED’s

2.3 GreenPower and Carbon Offsets

To supplement the implementation of emissions reduction measures, procurement of GreenPower

and/or carbon offsets may be used.

2.3.1 GreenPower

GreenPower is a voluntary government accredited program that enables energy providers to

purchase renewable energy on the user’s behalf. It guarantees that the renewable electricity



purchased from energy suppliers meets stringent environmental standards, and that the money

from GreenPower purchases is invested in the Australian renewable energy sector to fund

improvements in technology.

Table 11: Green Power emissions reduction and avoidance

Current practice Overall 18% of Council’s electricity consumption (Scope

2) is procured as GreenPower

21% of street lighting electricity consumption (Scope 3)

is procured as GreenPower

Option Explore options for increasing amount of GreenPower

procured or diverting this expenditure into carbon

offsets, which may offer a lower cost form of carbon

abatement

2.3.2 Offsets

The purchase of carbon offsets would enable Council to reduce its carbon footprint by abating

emissions elsewhere through externally controlled projects rather than through the reduction of

emissions. Offsets may include investment in the planting of trees locally or nationally, the increase

of carbon content in agricultural soils, and the capture and destruction of methane from non-Council

landfills.

Before choosing an offset type it is critical to consider factors including, but not limited to:

• Price per tonne – cheap credits may be financially beneficial but may not be

environmentally sound and could put Council’s reputation at risk

• Project location – does Council want to support projects in their local area or in the

developing world?

• Project type – does Council want to support projects with additional benefits (i.e.

reforestation or renewable energy projects)?

• Verification process – it is critical that offsets are verified from a credible third party so as to

meet certification requirements

In order to ensure that offsets purchased meet certification requirements, it is recommended that

Council consult the National Carbon Offset Standard (NCOS). The NCOS will provide guidance on

what are genuine voluntary carbon emissions offsets, and sets minimum requirements for the

calculation, auditing and offsetting of the organisation’s emissions to achieve ‘carbon neutrality’.

Table 12: Carbon offsets emissions reduction and avoidance

Current practice No carbon offsets are purchased

Option Explore options for offsetting a proportion of the Council’s

emissions through the purchase of certified carbon offsets



2.4 Carbon Capture and Sequestration

2.4.1 Methane Capture from Landfill

Given that such a significant proportion of the Council’s GHG emissions are produced by the landfill,

it is recommended that Council considers implementing technology at these facilities to mitigate or

reduce the generation of methane through decomposition. Engineering measures, such as methane

capture, should be considered by the Council to mitigate GHG emissions. Methane captured at the

landfill could potentially be used to generate electricity onsite to meet the electricity demands of the

landfill offices and operations. Alternatively, flaring of captured methane would result in the

conversion of potential methane emissions to carbon dioxide, which in comparison to methane, has

a significantly lower global warming potential.

Table 13: Methane capture

Current practice Landfill generated methane is released directly to the atmosphere

Option Investigate methane capture and heat/electricity generation

opportunities

Undertake a pre-feasibility study for the capture and combustion of

landfill generated methane for production of electricity

Explore the potential for flaring of methane gas

2.4.2 Carbon Sequestration

Carbon sequestration is the process of mitigating GHG emissions by either planting trees to absorb

an equivalent amount of carbon, or increasing the amount of carbon stored in agricultural soils.

Council currently undertakes tree planting (2000 trees per year) to offset emissions from vehicles

each year. While this is a valuable and environmentally conscious project, the volume of carbon

sequestered cannot be quantified and therefore included in carbon inventories unless trees are

planted as part of a certified carbon sequestration program.

Table 14: Carbon offsets emissions reduction and avoidance

Current practice Some tree planting to offset vehicle emissions

Option Investigate options for certified carbon sequestration programs



2.5 Tracking Targets to 2019

Council has recently completed an Environment and Sustainability Strategy outlining a number of

emissions reduction goals and targets. Based on the reduction targets across key emission sources

outlined in the Environment & Sustainability Strategy, a goal for overall emission reductions of 10% is

appropriate. Targets for the key emission sources are summarised in Table 15. In order to best

achieve these targets, emission reduction efforts should be focused on high emission sources where

the greatest impact can be made. These include the following priority areas:

• Waste: Focus efforts on waste volume reduction of organic components to promote

emission reductions. This includes food, paper and paper board, garden and park, and

wood and wood waste.

• Energy: Energy emissions reduction efforts should target electricity use in buildings.

• Transport: Transport emissions reductions should focus on streamlining diesel

consumption for the operations fleet.

Table 15: Summary of reduction targets as outlined in Corangamite Shire’s Environment & Sustainability

Strategy 2014-2019

Emission

source

Council target to reduce

emission source

Council

emission

reduction

target

Equivalent

emissions

target

Emissions

reduction by

2019

(t C02-e)

Waste

(MSW & C&I

waste streams)

20% reduction of landfill

volume by 2019 including:

• 10% reduction of

household waste

from kerbside

collection

• 10% increase in the

recovery of

household recycling

and organic waste

recovery from

kerbside collection

No formal

target set. A

proportionate

emissions

target has

been

assumed.

20% reduction

of Corangamite

Shire’s kerbside

waste by 2019

176

Energy

(grid-sourced

electricity,

natural gas,

bottled gas)

10% reduction of total

energy by 2019 including:

• a 10% increase in

renewable energy

production

No formal

target set. A

proportionate

emissions

target has

been

assumed.

10% reduction

of building

energy

associated

emissions by

2019

88

Transport

(general and

operational

fleet)

5% reduction in overall

fuel usage by 2019

10%

reduction by

2019

10% reduction

of Council

transport

associated

emissions by

10% by 2019

178

Total emissions reduction by 2019 443



Based on a total emissions reduction target of 10% of the 2013/14 emissions by 2019, analysis of the

individual targets (Table 15) has identified an overshoot in emission savings of 10 t CO2-e by 2019.

This is a small overshoot and revision of the overall target is not recommended. This is illustrated in

Figure 7 below.

Figure 7: High-level versus low-level emission targets comparison

2.5.1 Prioritising emission reduction projects

Identifying and prioritising wide-scale, organisational energy efficiency projects can be challenging.

The best practice approach to prioritising emissions reduction projects is to develop a Marginal

Abatement Cost (MAC) Curve, as shown in Figure 8 overleaf.

The CitySwitch MAC Curve tool compares the cost of a project with the emissions reduced or offset,

with results providing assistance with the identification and prioritisation of the most valuable

emissions reduction projects.

It is recommended that Council make use of the MAC Curve tool. This will allow Council to compare a

range of energy efficiency projects, and evaluate their economic feasibility ($ saved per tonne of

emissions abated) and associated GHG emissions reduction. As a result, Council will be better able to

prioritise energy efficiency projects, with MAC Curves justifying larger investments in emissions

reduction projects.

88

432

176 178

0 100 200 300 400 500

Equivalent emissions reduction against individual targets

10% reduction against 2013/14 baseline by 2019

Buildings'energy reduction Landfill reduction Transport fuel reduction



Source: www.cityswitch.net.au ; Resources; Planning, Reporting & Monitoring; Using MAC Curves

Figure 8: Example of a MAC Curve.

Table 16: Prioritising emissions reduction projects

Current practice Council review the merit of emission reduction projects

internally using various methods based on their environmental,

social and economic benefits

Option Develop a MAC Curve to identify the most economically feasible

projects with the greatest GHG benefit



2.6 Uncertainty Analysis

Significant effort has been taken to ensure that the Corangamite Shire Council’s GHG Inventory is of

a high accuracy and quality, and in compliance with international standards of greenhouse gas

reporting. As with all GHG assessments, however, there are degrees of uncertainty in the calculated

emissions due to the use of assumptions to fill data or information gaps. The assumptions used in

the calculation of Council’s GHG emissions for the 2013/14 financial year and an assessment of the

level of uncertainty for each of the calculations is detailed in Table 17 below.

Table 17: Carbon Inventory assumptions and assessment of uncertainty

Emission Source Assumptions Level of uncertainty

Landfills Total waste received at the Naroghid

Regional Landfill site is based on

weighbridge data supplied by the Council.

Emissions generated have been calculated

using the NGER Solid Waste Calculator

assuming the default factors for waste

stream proportions and breakdown of

waste mix types.

20%

General Fleet (Diesel) General fleet vehicles are post-2004 5%

General Fleet (ULP) General fleet vehicles are post-2004 5%

Operational Fleet

(Diesel)

Operational fleet vehicles are heavy

vehicles conforming to Euro Design

Standards (Euro i) as stipulated in NGA

Factors Handbook (Table 4, July 2013)

5%

Stationary Fuels

(Diesel)

Stationary fuel use occurs for equipment

or machinery that is not classified as heavy

vehicles.

5%

Stationary Fuels

(ULP)

Stationary fuel use occurs for equipment

or machinery that is not classified as heavy

vehicles.

5%

Stationary Fuels

(LPG)

Stationary fuels only include the

consumption of bottled LPG.

5%

Electricity purchased

from Victorian

electricity

grid

Data supplied by energy retailer is

assumed to be complete

5%

Public lighting All Council and DNSP managed public

lighting has been captured under the AGL

electricity data supplied.

5%



Glossary of Terms

Carbon

offset

A credit for a fixed reduction in total greenhouse gas emissions made from an

activity in order to compensate for emissions produced elsewhere.

CO2-e Carbon dioxide equivalent provides a universal standard of measurement for

the range of varying greenhouse gas types.

FY financial year

GHG greenhouse gas

kg kilogram, unit of weight

kL kiloliter, one thousand liters

kW kilowatt, one thousand watts

kWh kilowatt hour, a unit of (usually electrical) energy, equal to the amount of

power consumed/generated over a period of one hour.

l litre, unit of volume

LED light emitting diode

LPG liquid petroleum gas

MJ mega joule, equal to 1,000 kilojoule

MWh megawatt-hour, a unit of energy equivalent to 1,000,000 watt-hour

NCOS National Carbon Offset Standard. Australian Government carbon neutrality

certification program.

Offset A certificate that nullifies the emissions equal to 1 tCO2-e

PV Photo Voltaic. A method of generating electrical power by converting solar

radiation into direct current electricity using semiconductors.

t tonne, one thousand kilogram

t CO2-e tonne of carbon dioxide equivalent

ULP unleaded petrol

W watt, unit of power

corangamite shire carbon inventory & management plan · 2017-09-05 · corangamite shire...

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