core java (part-2) · layout manager 5. applet 2 . abstract windowing toolkit (awt) abstract...

Core Java

(Part-2)

Agenda

1. Abstract Windowing Toolkit (AWT)

2. Event Handling

3. Swing

4. Layout Manager

5. Applet

2

Abstract Windowing Toolkit (AWT) Abstract Windowing Toolkit (AWT) is used for GUI programming in java.

AWT Container Hierarchy:

3

Container:

The Container is a component in AWT that can contain another components like

buttons, textfields, labels etc. The classes that extends Container class are known

as container.

Window:

The window is the container that have no borders and menubars. You must use

frame, dialog or another window for creating a window.

Panel:

The Panel is the container that doesn't contain title bar and MenuBars. It can have

other components like button, textfield etc.

Frame:

The Frame is the container that contain title bar and can have MenuBars. It can

have other components like button, textfield etc.

4

Creating a Frame

Commonly used Methods of Component class:

1)public void add(Component c)

2)public void setSize(int width,int height)

3)public void setLayout(LayoutManager m)

4)public void setVisible(boolean)

Creating a Frame:

There are two ways to create a frame:

By extending Frame class (inheritance)

By creating the object of Frame class (association)

5

Creating a Frame: Set Button

Simple example of AWT by inheritance:

import java.awt.*;

class First extends Frame{

First(){

Button b=new Button("click me");

b.setBounds(30,100,80,30);// setting button position

add(b);//adding button into frame

setSize(300,300);//frame size 300 width and 300 height

setLayout(null);//no layout now bydefault BorderLayout

setVisible(true);//now frame willbe visible, bydefault not visible

} public static void main(String args[]){ First f=new First(); } }

6

Button

public void setBounds(int xaxis, int yaxis, int width, int height); have

been used in the above example that sets the position of the button.

7

Event and Listener (Event Handling)

Changing the state of an object is known as an event. For example, click

on button, dragging mouse etc. The java.awt.event package provides

many event classes and Listener interfaces for event handling.

Event classes and Listener interfaces

Event Classes Listener Interfaces

ActionEvent ActionListener

MouseEvent MouseListener

MouseMotionListener

MouseWheelEvent MouseWheelListener

KeyEvent KeyListener

ItemEvent ItemListener

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Event classes and Listener interfaces

Event Classes Listener Interfaces

TextEvent TextListener

AdjustmentEvent AdjustmentListener

WindowEvent WindowListener

ComponentEvent ComponentListener

ContainerEvent ContainerListener

FocusEvent FocusListener

Steps to perform EventHandling:

Implement the Listener interface and overrides its methods

Register the component with the Listener

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Steps to perform EventHandling

For registering the component with the Listener, many classes provide methods. F

Button

public void addActionListener(ActionListener a){}

MenuItem


TextField


public void addTextListener(TextListener a){}

TextArea

public void addTextListener(TextListener a){}

Checkbox

public void addItemListener(ItemListener a){}

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EventHandling Codes

Choice


List



EventHandling Codes:

We can put the event handling code into one of the following places:

Same class

Other class

Annonymous class

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Example of event handling within class

import java.awt.*;

import java.awt.event.*;

class AEvent extends Frame implements ActionListener{

TextField tf;

AEvent(){ tf=new TextField(); tf.setBounds(60,50,170,20);

Button b=new Button("click me"); b.setBounds(100,120,80,30);

b.addActionListener(this); add(b);add(tf); setSize(300,300); setLayout(null);

setVisible(true); }

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){ tf.setText("Welcome"); }

public static void main(String args[]){

new AEvent();

} }

12

Output

public void setBounds(int xaxis, int yaxis, int width, int height); have been used in

the above example that sets the position of the component it may be button,

textfield etc.

13

Example of event handling by Outer class

import java.awt.*;


class AEvent2 extends Frame implements ActionListener{

TextField tf;

AEvent2(){ tf=new TextField(); tf.setBounds(60,50,170,20);

Button b=new Button("click me");

b.setBounds(100,120,80,30); b.addActio nListener(this);

add(b);add(tf); setSize(300,300); setLayout(null); setVisible(true); }

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){

tf.setText("Welcome"); }

public static void main(String args[]){ new AEvent2(); } }

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Outer class


class Outer implements ActionListener{

AEvent2 obj;

Outer(AEvent2 obj){

this.obj=obj;

}

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){

obj.tf.setText("welcome");

} }

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Example of event handling by Annonymous class

import java.awt.*;


class AEvent3 extends Frame{ TextField tf; AEvent3(){

tf=new TextField(); tf.setBounds(60,50,170,20);

Button b=new Button("click me"); b.setBounds(50,120,80,30);

b.addActionListener(new ActionListener(){

public void actionPerformed(){ tf.setText("hello"); } });

add(b);

add(tf); setSize(300,300); setLayout(null); setVisible(true); }

public static void main(String args[])

{

new AEvent3(); } }

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Swing (Graphics Programming in java)

Swing is a part of JFC (Java Foundation Classes) that is used to create GUI

application. It is built on the top of Swing is a part of JFC (Java Foundation Classes)

that is used to create GUI application. It is built on the top of AWT and entirely

written in java.

Advantage of Swing over AWT:

There are many advantages of Swing over AWT. They are as follows:

Swing components are Plateform independent & It is lightweight.

It supports pluggable look and feel.

It has more powerful componenets like tables, lists, scroll panes, color chooser,

tabbed pane etc.

It follows MVC (Model View Controller) architecture.

What is JFC ? - The Java Foundation Classes (JFC) are a set of GUI components

which simplify the development of desktop applications.

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Hierarchy of swing

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Commonly used Methods of Component class

Commonly used Methods of Component class:

1)public void add(Component c)

2)public void setSize(int width,int height)

3)public void setLayout(LayoutManager m)

4)public void setVisible(boolean)

Creating a Frame:

There are two ways to create a frame:

By creating the object of Frame class (association)

By extending Frame class (inheritance)

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Simple example of Swing by Association import javax.swing.*;

public class Simple {

JFrame f;

Simple(){

f=new JFrame();

JButton b=new JButton("click");

b.setBounds(130,100,100, 40);

f.add(b); f.setSize(400,500);

f.setLayout(null); f.setVisible(true); }

public static void main(String[] args) {

new Simple(); } }

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Output

public void setBounds(int xaxis, int yaxis, int width, int height); have

been used in the above example that sets the position of the button.

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Button class

The JButton class is used to create a button that have plateform-independent

implementation.

Commonly used Constructors:

JButton(): creates a button with no text and icon.

JButton(String s): creates a button with the specified text.

JButton(Icon i): creates a button with the specified icon object.

Commonly used Methods of AbstractButton class:

1) public void setText(String s): is used to set specified text on button.

2) public String getText(): is used to return the text of the button.

3) public void setEnabled(boolean b): is used to enable or disable the button.

4) public void setIcon(Icon b): is used to set the specified Icon on the button.

5) public Icon getIcon(): is used to get the Icon of the button.

6) public void setMnemonic(int a): is used to set the mnemonic on the button.

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Example of displaying image on the button

7) public void addActionListener(ActionListener a): is used to add the action listener

to this object.

Note: The JButton class extends AbstractButton class.


import javax.swing.*;

public class ImageButton{

ImageButton(){

JFrame f=new JFrame();

JButton b=new JButton(new ImageIcon("b.jpg"));

b.setBounds(130,100,100, 40); f.add(b); f.setSize(300,400); f.setLayout(null);

f.setVisible(true); f.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); }

public static void main(String[] args) { new ImageButton(); } }

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JRadioButton class

The JRadioButton class is used to create a radio button.

Commonly used Constructors of JRadioButton class:

JRadioButton(): creates an unselected radio button with no text.

JRadioButton(String s): creates an unselected radio button with specified text.

JRadioButton(String s, boolean selected): creates a radio button with the

specified text and selected status.

Commonly used Methods of AbstractButton class:

1) public void setText(String s): is used to set specified text on button.

2) public String getText(): is used to return the text of the button.

3) public void setEnabled(boolean b): is used to enable or disable the button.

4) public void setIcon(Icon b): is used to set the specified Icon on the button.

5) public Icon getIcon(): is used to get the Icon of the button.

6) public void setMnemonic(int a): is used to set the mnemonic on the button. 24

Example of JRadioButton class

7) public void addActionListener(ActionListener a): is used to add the action listener to this

object. // Note: The JRadioButton class extends the JToggleButton class that extends

AbstractButton class.


public class Radio { JFrame f;

Radio(){

f=new JFrame();

JRadioButton r1=new JRadioButton("A) Male");

JRadioButton r2=new JRadioButton("B) FeMale");

r1.setBounds(50,100,70,30); r2.setBounds(50,150,70,30);

ButtonGroup bg=new ButtonGroup();

bg.add(r1);bg.add(r2); f.add(r1);f.add(r2);

f.setSize(300,300); f.setLayout(null); f.setVisible(true); }

public static void main(String[] args) { new Radio(); } }

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JTextArea class

The JTextArea class is used to create a text area. It is a multiline area that displays

the plain text only.

Commonly used Constructors:

JTextArea(): creates a text area that displays no text initally.

JTextArea(String s): creates a text area that displays specified text initally.

JTextArea(int row, int column): creates a text area with the specified number of

rows and columns that displays no text initally..

JTextArea(String s, int row, int column): creates a text area with the specified

number of rows and columns that displays specified text.

Commonly used methods of JTextArea class:

1) public void setRows(int rows): is used to set specified number of rows.

2) public void setColumns(int cols):: is used to set specified number of columns.

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Example of JTextField class

3) public void setFont(Font f): is used to set the specified font.

4) public void insert(String s, int position): is used to insert the specified text on the

specified position.

5) public void append(String s): to append the given text to the end of the document.

import java.awt.Color;


public class TArea { JTextArea area; JFrame f;

TArea(){ f=new JFrame();

area=new JTextArea(300,300); area.setBounds(10,30,300,300);

area.setBackground(Color.black); area.setForeground(Color.white);

f.add(area); f.setSize(400,400); f.setLayout(null); f.setVisible(true); }

public static void main(String[] args) { new TArea(); } }

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JComboBox class

The JComboBox class is used to create the combobox (drop-down list). At a time

only one item can be selected from the item list.

Commonly used Constructors of JComboBox class:

JComboBox()

JComboBox(Object[] items)

JComboBox(Vector<?> items)

Commonly used methods of JComboBox class:

1) public void addItem(Object anObject): is used to add an item to the item list.

2) public void removeItem(Object anObject): is used to delete an item to the item

list.

3) public void removeAllItems(): is used to remove all the items from the list.

4) public void setEditable(boolean b): is used to determine whether the

JComboBox is editable. 28

Example of JComboBox class 5) public void addActionListener(ActionListener a): is used to add the ActionListener.

6) public void addItemListener(ItemListener i): is used to add the ItemListener.


public class Combo { JFrame f;

Combo(){

f=new JFrame("Combo ex");

String country[]={"India","Aus","U.S.A","England","Newzeland"};

JComboBox cb=new JComboBox(country);

cb.setBounds(50, 50,90,20); f.add(cb); f.setLayout(null); f.setSize(400,500);

f.setVisible(true); }


new Combo(); } }

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JTable class

The JTable class is used to display the data on two dimentional tables of cells.

Commonly used Constructors of JTable class:

• JTable(): creates a table with empty cells.

• JTable(Object[][] rows, Object[] columns): creates a table with the specified data.

Example of JTable class:


public class MyTable { JFrame f; MyTable(){ f=new JFrame();

String data[][]={ {"101","Amit","670000"},

{"102","Jai","780000"},

{"101","Sachin","700000"}};

String column[]={"ID","NAME","SALARY"};

JTable jt=new JTable(data,column);

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Example

jt.setBounds(30,40,200,300);

JScrollPane sp=new JScrollPane(jt);

f.add(sp);

f.setSize(300,400);

// f.setLayout(null);

f.setVisible(true);

}


new MyTable();

}

}

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JColorChooser class

The JColorChooser class is used to create a color chooser dialog box so that user

can select any color.

Commonly used Constructors of JColorChooser class:

JColorChooser(): is used to create a color chooser pane with white color initially.

JColorChooser(Color initialColor): is used to create a color chooser pane with the

specified color initially.

Commonly used methods of JColorChooser class:

public static Color showDialog(Component c, String title, Color initialColor): is

used to show the color-chooser dialog box.

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Example of JColorChooser class

33


import java.awt.*;


public class JColorChooserExample extends JFrame implements ActionListener{

JButton b; Container c;

JColorChooserExample(){ c=getContentPane(); c.setLayout(new FlowLayout());

b=new JButton("color"); b.addActionListener(this); c.add(b); }

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {

Color initialcolor=Color.RED;

Color color=JColorChooser.showDialog(this,"Select a color",initialcolor);

c.setBackground(color);

}

34

Example of JColorChooser class


JColorChooserExample ch=new JColorChooserExample();

ch.setSize(400,400);

ch.setVisible(true);

ch.setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

}

}

35

JProgressBar class The JProgressBar class is used to display the progress of the task.

Commonly used Constructors of JProgressBar class:

JProgressBar(): is used to create a horizontal progress bar but no string

text.

JProgressBar(int min, int max): is used to create a horizontal progress bar

with the specified minimum and maximum value.

JProgressBar(int orient): is used to create a progress bar with the

specified orientation, it can be either Vertical or Horizontal by using

SwingConstants.VERTICAL and SwingConstants.HORIZONTAL constants.

JProgressBar(int orient, int min, int max): is used to create a progress bar

with the specified orientation, minimum and maximum value.

36

Example of JProgressBar class Commonly used methods of JProgressBar class:

1) public void setStringPainted(boolean b): is used to determine whether string

should be displayed.

2) public void setString(String s): is used to set value to the progress string.

3) public void setOrientation(int orientation): is used to set the orientation, it may be

either vertical or horizontal by using SwingConstants.VERTICAL and

SwingConstants.HORIZONTAL constants..

4) public void setValue(int value): is used to set the current value on the progress bar.


public class MyProgress extends JFrame{

JProgressBar jb; int i=0,num=0;

MyProgress(){ jb=new JProgressBar(0,2000); jb.setBounds(40,40,200,30);

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Example of JProgressBar class jb.setValue(0);

jb.setStringPainted(true);

add(jb);

setSize(400,400); setLayout(null); }

public void iterate(){

while(i<=2000){

jb.setValue(i);

i=i+20;

try{Thread.sleep(150);}catch(Exception e){} } }


MyProgress m=new MyProgress();

m.setVisible(true); m.iterate(); } }

38

JSlider class

The JSlider is used to create the slider. By using JSlider a user can select a value from

a specific range.

Commonly used Constructors of JSlider class:

JSlider(): creates a slider with the initial value of 50 and range of 0 to 100.

JSlider(int orientation): creates a slider with the specified orientaion set by

either JSlider.HORIZONTAL or JSlider.VERTICAL with the range 0 to 100 and

intial value 50.

JSlider(int min, int max): creates a horizontal slider using the given min and

max.

JSlider(int min, int max, int value): creates a horizontal slider using the

given min, max and value.

39

JSlider class

JSlider(int orientation, int min, int max, int value): creates a slider using the given

orientation, min, max and value.

Commonly used Methods of JSlider class:

1) public void setMinorTickSpacing(int n): is used to set the minor tick spacing

to the slider.

2) public void setMajorTickSpacing(int n): is used to set the major tick spacing

to the slider.

3) public void setPaintTicks(boolean b): is used to determine whether tick

marks are painted.

4) public void setPaintLabels(boolean b): is used to determine whether labels

are painted.

5) public void setPaintTracks(boolean b): is used to determine whether track is painted.

40

Simple example of JSlider class


public class SliderExample1 extends JFrame{

public SliderExample1() {

JSlider slider = new JSlider(JSlider.HORIZONTAL, 0, 50, 25);

JPanel panel=new JPanel();

panel.add(slider);

add(panel); }

public static void main(String s[]) {

SliderExample1 frame=new SliderExample1();

frame.pack();

frame.setVisible(true);

} }

41

Example of JSlider class that paints ticks


public class SliderExample extends JFrame{

public SliderExample() {

JSlider slider = new JSlider(JSlider.HORIZONTAL, 0, 50, 25);

slider.setMinorTickSpacing(2);

slider.setMajorTickSpacing(10);

slider.setPaintTicks(true); slider.setPaintLabels(true);

JPanel panel=new JPanel();

panel.add(slider); add(panel); }

public static void main(String s[]) {

SliderExample frame=new SliderExample();

frame.pack(); frame.setVisible(true); } }

42

BorderLayout (LayoutManagers)

The LayoutManagers are used to arrange components in a particular manner.

LayoutManager is an interface that is implemented by all the classes of layout

managers. There are following classes that represents the layout managers:

java.awt.BorderLayout

java.awt.FlowLayout

java.awt.GridLayout

java.awt.CardLayout

java.awt.GridBagLayout

javax.swing.BoxLayout

javax.swing.GroupLayout

javax.swing.ScrollPaneLayout

javax.swing.SpringLayout etc.

43

BorderLayout

The BorderLayout is used to arrange the components in five regions: north, south,

east, west and center. Each region (area) may contain one component only. It is

the default layout of frame or window. The BorderLayout provides five constants

for each region:

1. public static final int NORTH

2. public static final int SOUTH

3. public static final int EAST

4. public static final int WEST

5. public static final int CENTER

Constructors of BorderLayout class:

BorderLayout(): creates a border layout but with no gaps between the

components. JBorderLayout(int hgap, int vgap): creates a border layout with the

given horizontal and vertical gaps between the components.

44

Example of BorderLayout class

45

Example of BorderLayout class

import java.awt.*;


public class Border { JFrame f; Border(){ f=new JFrame();

JButton b1=new JButton("NORTH");; JButton b2=new JButton("SOUTH");;

JButton b3=new JButton("EAST");; JButton b4=new JButton("WEST");;

JButton b5=new JButton("CENTER");;

f.add(b1,BorderLayout.NORTH); f.add(b2,BorderLayout.SOUTH);

f.add(b3,BorderLayout.EAST); f.add(b4,BorderLayout.WEST);

f.add(b5,BorderLayout.CENTER); f.setSize(300,300);

f.setVisible(true); }

public static void main(String[] args) { new Border(); } }

46

GridLayout

The GridLayout is used to arrange the components in rectangular grid.

One component is dispalyed in each rectangle.

Constructors of GridLayout class:

GridLayout(): creates a grid layout with one column per component in a

row.

GridLayout(int rows, int columns): creates a grid layout with the given

rows and columns but no gaps between the components.

GridLayout(int rows, int columns, int hgap, int vgap): creates a grid

layout with the given rows and columns alongwith given horizontal and

vertical gaps.

47

Example of GridLayout class

48

Example of GridLayout class

import java.awt.*;


public class MyGridLayout{ JFrame f; MyGridLayout(){ f=new JFrame();

JButton b1=new JButton("1"); JButton b2=new JButton("2");




JButton b9=new JButton("9");

f.add(b1); f.add(b2); f.add(b3); f.add(b4); f.add(b5); f.add(b6); f.add(b7

f.add(b8); f.add(b9); f.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,3));

f.setSize(300,300); f.setVisible(true); } //set grid layout of 3 rows and 3 columns

public static void main(String[] args) { new MyGridLayout(); } }

49

FlowLayout

The FlowLayout is used to arrange the components in a line, one after another (in a flow). It

is the default layout of applet or panel.

Fields of FlowLayout class:

1. public static final int LEFT

2. public static final int RIGHT

3. public static final int CENTER

4. public static final int LEADING

5. public static final int TRAILING

Constructors of FlowLayout class:

FlowLayout(): creates a flow layout with centered alignment and a default 5 unit horizontal

and vertical gap.

FlowLayout(int align): creates a flow layout with the given alignment and a default 5 unit

horizontal and vertical gap.

FlowLayout(int align, int hgap, int vgap): creates a flow layout with the given alignment and

the given horizontal and vertical gap.

50

Example of FlowLayout class

51

Example

import java.awt.*;


public class MyFlowLayout{ JFrame f; MyFlowLayout(){ f=new JFrame();



JButton b5=new JButton("5");

f.add(b1);f.add(b2);f.add(b3);f.add(b4);f.add(b5);

f.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.RIGHT));

//setting flow layout of right alignment

f.setSize(300,300); f.setVisible(true); }

public static void main(String[] args) { new MyFlowLayout(); } }

52

BoxLayout class

The BoxLayout is used to arrange the components either vertically or horizontally.

For this purpose, BoxLayout provides four constants. They are as follows:

Note: BoxLayout class is found in javax.swing package.

Fields of BoxLayout class:

1. public static final int X_AXIS

2. public static final int Y_AXIS

3. public static final int LINE_AXIS

4. public static final int PAGE_AXIS

Constructor of BoxLayout class:

1. BoxLayout(Container c, int axis): creates a box layout that arranges the

components with the given axis.

53

Example of BoxLayout class with Y-AXIS

54

Example of BoxLayout class with Y-AXIS

import java.awt.*;


public class BoxLayoutExample1 extends Frame { Button buttons[];

public BoxLayoutExample1 () {

buttons = new Button [5];

for (int i = 0;i<5;i++) {

buttons[i] = new Button ("Button " + (i + 1));

add (buttons[i]); }

setLayout (new BoxLayout (this, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS));

setSize(400,400); setVisible(true); }

public static void main(String args[]){ BoxLayoutExample1 b=new

BoxLayoutExample1(); } }

55

Example of BoxLayout class with X-AXIS

56

Example of BoxLayout class with X-AXIS

import java.awt.*;


public class BoxLayoutExample2 extends Frame { Button buttons[];

public BoxLayoutExample2() {

buttons = new Button [5];

for (int i = 0;i<5;i++) {

buttons[i] = new Button ("Button " + (i + 1));

add (buttons[i]); }

setLayout (new BoxLayout(this, BoxLayout.X_AXIS));

setSize(400,400); setVisible(true); }

public static void main(String args[]){ BoxLayoutExample2 b=new

BoxLayoutExample2(); } }

57

CardLayout class

The CardLayout class manages the components in such a manner that only one

component is visible at a time. It treats each component as a card that is why it is

known as CardLayout.

Constructors of CardLayout class:

CardLayout(): creates a card layout with zero horizontal and vertical gap.

CardLayout(int hgap, int vgap): creates a card layout with the given horizontal and

vertical gap.

Commonly used methods of CardLayout class:

public void next(Container parent): is used to flip to the next card of the given

container.

public void previous(Container parent): is used to flip to the previous card of the

given container.

58

CardLayout class

public void first(Container parent): is used to flip to the first card of the given

container.

public void last(Container parent): is used to flip to the last card of the given

container.

public void show(Container parent, String name): is used to flip to the specified

card with the given name.

59

Example of CardLayout class

import java.awt.*;



public class CardLayoutExample extends JFrame implements ActionListener{

CardLayout card; JButton b1,b2,b3; Container c;

CardLayoutExample(){

c=getContentPane();

card=new CardLayout(40,30);

//create CardLayout object with 40 hor space and 30 ver space

c.setLayout(card);

b1=new JButton("Apple"); b2=new JButton("Boy");

b3=new JButton("Cat"); b1.addActionListener(this);

60

Example of CardLayout class

b2.addActionListener(this);

b3.addActionListener(this);

c.add("a",b1);c.add("b",b2);c.add("c",b3);

}

public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) { card.next(c); }


CardLayoutExample cl=new CardLayoutExample();

cl.setSize(400,400);

cl.setVisible(true);

cl.setDefaultCloseOperation(EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

} }

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Questions ?

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