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CoREZYN® Vinyl Ester Resins
Table of Contents
Introduction
Industry Links
Corrosion Resistant Vinyl Ester Resins
Open Molding Thixotropic, Modified, Closed Molding, and Infusion
Vinyl Ester Resins
2
Click on a Purple Link Corrosion Resistant Vinyl Ester Resins
Products
CORVE8300 Series – High performance
CORVE8100 Series – Lower viscosity
CORVE8400 Series – Fire retardant
CORVE8700 Series – Novolac vinyl esters with superior solvent and high heat resistance
CORVE8500 Series – Flexible/resilient
CORVE8180 Series – Pultrusion resins
Applications
Manufacturing processes
Technical data and additional information
VE corrosion/chemical resistance
Appendix
Typical 100 gram cup gel times BPO-DMA system
Typical 100 gram cup Gel times MEKP-cobalt system
Promoters and inhibitors used for gel time adjustments
MEKP/Promoter – Thin laminate construction
Typical 100 gram cup gel times for VE8730-36 resin
Catalyst-promoter measurements for CoREZYN® vinyl ester resins
Typical NBS 15-69 construction
ASTM reinforced plastic related standards
Temperature equivalents – celsius/fahrenheit
Metric/U.S. conversion equivalents
Suggested guidelines for specifying FRP (Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic) above storage tanks
Contact us
Approvals and certifications
Case histories
Technical research papers
3
Click on a Purple Link Open Molding Thixotropic, Modified, Closed Molding, and Infusion Vinyl Ester Resins
Products
CORVE8110 Series – High performance
CORVE8121 LH Series – Low HAP, MACT compliant
CORVE8150 Series – High heat distortion
MVR Series – Modified vinyl esters
CORVE8900 Series – Closed molding resins
Infusion resins Applications
Manufacturing processes
Technical data and additional information
Appendix
Promoters and inhibitors used for gel time adjustments
Catalyst-promoter measurements for CoREZYN® vinyl ester resins
ASTM reinforced plastic related standards
Temperature equivalents – celsius/fahrenheit
Metric/U.S. conversion equivalents
Contact us
Approvals & certifications
Case histories
Technical research papers
4
Introduction Interplastic Corporation is the high-performance corrosion resistant resin specialist you can count on. Since 1957 we’ve assisted reinforced plastics composites manufacturers and the industries that use reinforced plastics build better, stronger, tougher, and longer-lasting products. In 1959, we introduced a line of isophthalic and orthophthalic polyester resins with outstanding laminating, casting and molding capabilities. At about the same time, we developed a line of top-performing gel coats for a wide variety of applications. Today, Interplastic gel coats give you extremely durable finishes for a brilliant surface in whatever color you choose.
In 1976, we announced our line of epoxy-based vinyl ester resins that have set the standard for the industry. In extremely challenging environments that require superior physical performance and corrosion resistance, Interplastic’s CoREZYN® vinyl esters consistently outperform the competition.
CoREZYN vinyl ester resins (designated “CORVE”) are a family of liquid thermosetting resins developed for the production of fiber-reinforced plastics. They are an ideal choice for severe applications, particularly in highly corrosive environments. The vinyl ester products exhibit similar strength characteristics to epoxy, but they are less expensive and much easier to handle. There is a wide variety of resins available within our vinyl ester family to meet a broad range of design and engineering needs, and all of them possess corrosion resistance and exceptional physical properties.
Interplastic Corporation Thermoset Resins Division
1225 Willow Lake Boulevard St. Paul, MN 55110-5145
Telephone: 651.481.6860
800.736.5497
www.interplastic.com
© 2011 Interplastic Corporation
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Industry Links
www.interplastic.com Interplastic Corporation
www.acmanet.org American Composites Manufacturers Association (ACMA)
www.ul.com Underwriters’ Laboratory® (UL)
www.fmglobal.com Factory Mutual - Fire Testing (FM)
www.nastt.org North American Society for Trenchless Technology (NASTT)
www.nodigshow.com No-Dig – Trenchless Technology Conference
www.nace.org The National Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE)
www.asme.org American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
www.ansi.org American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
www.usgbc.org U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC)
www.styrene.org Styrene Information and Research Center (SIRC)
www.dnv.com Det Norske Veritas (DNV)
www.lloyds.com Lloyds of London
www.awea.org American Wind Energy Association (AWEA)
www.nmma.org National Marine Manufacturers Association (NMMA)
www.weftec.org Water Environment Federation Technology Exhibition and Conference (WEFTC)
www.ibexshow.com International Boat Builders Exposition (IBEX)
www.resinnavigator.com Resin Navigator
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Corrosion Resistant Vinyl Ester Resins
Corrosion Resistant Vinyl Ester Resins Bisphenol-A-Epoxy Vinyl Esters
CORVE8300 Series – High Performance This is our standard, high performance line of products, showing excellent resistance to acids, alkalies, and oxidizing chemicals, with outstanding toughness and fatigue properties. These are well suited for use in fabricating tanks, pipe and process equipment.
CORVE8300 This is the most versatile and widely used vinyl ester in our line. It can be used in filament winding, hand lay-up, BMC match-metal-die molding, pultrusion, tank linings and coatings where outstanding corrosion resistance is required. This resin has a viscosity of 500 cps and contains 45% styrene. Different viscosities and varying styrene levels are available.
FDA/USDA –Approvable: This non-promoted resin is manufactured from materials listed in Title 21 of The Code of Federal Regulations and is suitable for use as described therein.
CORVE8301 A promoted version of CORVE8300 for field applications where it is undesirable to add promoters. Gel time of 15 - 20 minutes.
CORVE8300-35 35% styrene version, with 2500 cps viscosity.
CORVE3000-40 40% styrene version, with 1200 cps viscosity.
CORVE8300-50 50% styrene version, with 275 cps viscosity.
CORVE8360 MACT compliant, Low HAP analog of CORVE8300. Outstanding corrosion resistance and physical properties with 500 cps and 34% or less styrene.
CORVE8361 A promoted version of CORVE8360, for field applications where it is undesirable to add promoters.
In the world’s most intense applications, CoREZYN® vinyl esters are top performers.
CORVE8300 LH A series of Low HAP versions of our CORVE8300, with versions available at 30%, 35% and 40% styrene.
7
Corrosion Resistant Vinyl Ester Resins Bisphenol-A-Epoxy Vinyl Esters
CORVE8100 Series – Lower Viscosity A lower molecular weight and lower intrinsic viscosity version of the CORVE8300 line. The lower viscosity makes these products ideal for centrifugal casting and resin transfer molding. When cured, they exhibit physical properties similar to the 8300 line.
CORVE8100 This resin contains 50% styrene and has a nominal viscosity of 100 cps.
FDA/USDA –Approvable Laminates: This non-promoted resin is manufactured from materials listed in Title 21 of The Code of Federal Regulations and is suitable for use as described therein.
CORVE8100-50 The 50% styrene version of CORVE8100, with viscosity of 100 cps and a gel time of 70 - 90 minutes.
CORVE8101 Promoted version of VE8100. Gel time of 15 - 20 minutes.
CORVE8101-45 The 45% styrene version of CORVE8101.
CORVE8770 Our highest heat distortion temperature (300⁰F/149⁰C) vinyl ester with outstanding retention of physicals in high heat exposure. This resin is an excellent choice in solvent exposure and in construction of high heat exposure corrosion resistant laminates. Used for UL 1316 “All Fuels” applications.
CORVE8771 Promoted version of CORVE8770. Gel time of 15 - 20 minutes.
CORVE8710 High cross-link version of CORVE8300, with excellent caustic and solvent resistance.
8
Corrosion Resistant Vinyl Ester Resins Fire Retardant Vinyl Esters
CORVE8400 Series – Fire Retardant These fire retardant vinyl esters are brominated counterparts of CORVE8300, and therefore also exhibit outstanding corrosion resistance.
CORVE8400 This resin has an ASTM E84 flame spread of less than 25 without the use of additives such as antimony. This results in clear laminates that can be easily inspected for poorly wetted glass, air bubbles or other defects that can degrade the performance of the composite.
CORVE8401 Promoted version of CORVE8400.
CORVE8440 When mixed with 1.5% antimony trioxide*, the flame spread rating of this resin is less than 25 (ASTM 84 Tunnel Test). At the same time, CORVE8440 retains excellent physical properties and corrosion resistance.
CORVE8441 Promoted version of CORVE8440. Gel time of 15-20 minutes.
CORVE8442 Pultrusion version of CORVE8440.
CORVE8430
This scrubber assembly was manufactured with VE8300 resins.
Low Smoke. This low smoke-emitting fire retardant vinyl ester resin is designed to be used in combination with alumina trihydrate. In the flaming mode, a smoke density of 82 was achieved in 90 seconds with a mixture of 45% ATH and 55% resin in the laminate with 30% fiberglass reinforcement when tested according ASTM E662.
9
CORVE8461 The thixotropic version of CORVE8440 for open mold applications.
CORVE8470 High cross-link version of CORVE8440.
CORVE8471 Promoted version of CORVE8470.
CORVE8480N Brominated novolac epoxy vinyl ester with a class 2 flame spread rating.
CORVE8462 Infusion version of CORVE8440 that is promoted and has a typical gel time of 50 minutes
The Use of Antimony Trioxide in Fire Retardant Resins
Antimony trioxide should be added immediately before using the resin and only to enough resin for an eight-hour period. If the antimony is added and the resin is not used in eight hours, the gel time can increase and cause gel and cure problems. When using resin that has had antimony trioxide added over eight hours before, the gel time and cure profile should be checked to ensure it will gel and cure, as well as perform properly, in the specific application. An additional 0.05 weight per percent of 12% cobalt can be added to reduce the gel time. If a further decrease in gel time is required, a maximum addition of 0.05% DMA may be incorporated.
Corrosion Resistant Vinyl Ester Resins Novolac Epoxy-Based Vinyl Esters
CORVE8700 Series – Novolac Epoxy-based Vinyl Esters with Superior Solvent and High Heat Resistance This is our premium line of corrosion resistant novolac epoxy-based vinyl ester resins and includes high crosslink density / high heat distortion products. Novolac vinyl esters afford excellent corrosion resistance, high structural properties, and outstanding laminate capabilities at ambient and high temperatures. These resins comprise our premium offerings in infrastructure building and repair, as well as corrosion resistance. They are very versatile in the wide range of capabilities they offer.
CORVE8730 Interplastic’s novolac epoxy-based vinyl ester resin. Extremely capable in chlor-alkalai exposure or in paper processing chlorination processes, resulting in wide use in tanks, washer covers, pipes, valves, ducting, etc., for the paper processing industry. These offer excellent resistance to alcohols and other solvents for chemical storage and handling equipment.
10
CORVE8731 Promoted version of CORVE8730.
CORVE8730-34 A novolac epoxy-based vinyl ester with heat distortion of 270⁰F/132⁰C with high solvent resistance. Less than 35% styrene monomer and a viscosity of 500 cps.
CORVE8730-36 Non-promoted novolac vinyl ester with 36% styrene monomer, viscosity of 250 cps.
CORVE8731-34 Promoted version of CORVE8730-34.
CORVE8740 Ultra-high temperature version of CORVE8730.
CORVE8741 Promoted version of CORVE8740.
Corrosion Resistant Vinyl Ester Resins Flexible/Resilient Vinyl Esters
CORVE8500 Series – Flexible/Resilient This is an extremely tough and flexible line of vinyl esters, both rubber and non-rubber modified. Well suited for use in coatings, tank linings, primers and adhesives.
CORVE8515 Tough and flexible, non-rubber modified resin having 15% elongation. Designed to minimize cracking or crazing caused by thermal or mechanical shock, or physical abuse in liner applications. Retains good chemical resistance and is 100% compatible with other CoREZYN® vinyl esters.
CORVE8517 Promoted version of CORVE8515, with a gel time of 15-20 minutes.
CORVE8510 A version of CORVE8515 having 10% elongation.
CORVE8550 A rubber-modified vinyl ester resin for high impact and flexibility, with a tensile elongation at 7.5%.
CORVE8551 Promoted version of CORVE8550, with gel time of 15 - 20 minutes.
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Corrosion Resistant Vinyl Ester Resins Pultrusion Resins
CORVE8180 Series – Pultrusion Resins Interplastic’s CORVE8180 series of vinyl ester resins for pultrusion are recognized as very high performing, versatile and user-friendly. From outstanding corrosion resistance to faster line speed to ease- of-processing, these pultrusion resins offer customers the best overall value in the industry.
CORVE8180 A high-quality pultrusion resin with a viscosity of 1,000 – 1,500 cps for faster line speeds. This resin is corrosion resistant and has high physical properties.
CORVE8182 A lower viscosity version of CORVE 8180 at 400 – 600 cps for corrosion resistance and has high physical properties.
CORVE8442 A version of CORVE8440 designed for closed molding applications, such as pultrusion.
CORVE8772 A version of CORVE8770 designed for closed molding applications, such as pultrusion.
Applications
Processing and storage tanks, and tank linings Scrubbers Piping Ducting Hoods and vents Grating Doors Flooring Fire resistance
Manufacturing Processes
Filament winding Hand spray-up Hand lay-up Pultrusion Centrifugal casting Infusion
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Technical Data and Additional Information FATIGUE
Laminate Cycle Testing for Comparison by ASTM D 671
13
Resin
Strength, psi/MPa
for 1 cycle
Cycles at 8,500/58.6
psi/MPa
Cycles at 10,000/69.0
psi/MPa
Cycles at 11,500/79.3
psi/MPa
Cycles at 13,000/89.7
psi/MPa
VE8300
21,218/146
5,448,341
874,487
140,360
22,528
Orthophthalic Laminating
Resin
14,436/100
2,517,450
60,738
1,465
35
Isophthalic Laminating
Resin
16,117/111
1,744,815
102,939
6,083
358
1. Laminates were constructed of 3 plies of 24-ounce woven roving, with 4 plies of alternating 3/4 ounce fiberglass
mat for a total of 25% glass. The laminates were hand laid at room temperature using 1% methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) and post-cured.
2. ASTM D671 “Flexural Fatigue of Plastics by Constant Amplitude of Force.”
KEVLAR is a registered trademark of the DuPont Company.
STATIC
Typical Clear Casting Properties Property MVR8011 MVR8013 MVR8015 MVR8031 MVR8031LH-15 Flexural Strength, psi/MPa 16,200/112 20,600/142 21,000/145 18,000/124 18,500/128 Flexural Modulus, ksi/GPa 560/3.86 484/3.34 510/3.42 490/3.34 500/3.45 Tensile Strength, psi/MPa 8,500/59.0 11,600/53.0 12,900/88.0 11,400/79.0 10,900/75.0 Tensile Modulus, ksi/GPa 520/3.59 498/3.44 490/3.38 500/3.45 500/3.45 Tensile Elongation, % 1.7 1.7 4.9 3.5 2.7 Heat Distortion, °F/°C 215/102 212/100 208/97 250/121 228/108 Barcol Hardness, 934-1 38-44 32-38 32-38 32-38 32-38 Specific Gravity 1.10 1.11 1.15 1.13 1.13
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Typical Properties of Laminates*
Resin
Tensile Strength
psi MPa
Tensile Modulus
ksi GPa
Flexural Strength
psi MPa
Flexural Modulus
psi MPa
Heat Distortion Temperature
°F °C
Barcol Hardness
934–1
Specific Gravity
Volumetric Shrinkage
%
VE8100 11,800 81.4 530 3.66 21,200 146 520 3.59 220 104 30–38 1.12 7.9
VE8300 11,600 80.0 470 3.24 19,400 134 450 3.10 210 99 30–38 1.12 7.8
VE8360 12,600 86.9 500 3.45 20,500 141 500 3.45 240 115 32–38 1.14 7.0
VE8400 27,750 87.9 470 3.24 19,500 134 480 3.31 225 106 32–38 1.26 7.0
VE8440 12,750 87.9 470 3.24 19,500 134 470 3.24 225 106 32–38 1.26 7.0
VE8480N 11,800 81.4 520 3.58 22,600 156 530 3.70 246 120 44–50 1.21 7.0
VE8510 9,500 65.5 440 3.03 15,000 103 390 2.69 175 80 24–30 1.12 7.7
VE8515 8,000 55.2 380 2.62 14,000 96.6 380 2.62 140 60 15–23 1.13 7.6
VE8550 11,100 76.6 470 3.24 17,800 123 447 3.08 189 87 30–40 1.11 6.5
VE8710 11,000 75.9 500 3.45 18,100 125 480 3.31 220 104 32–38 1.26 8.6
VE8730 11,000 75.9 500 3.45 18,000 124 480 3.31 270 132 32–38 1.15 9.2
VE8740 8,400 57.7 520 3.58 12,600 86.5 560 3.84 293 145 47–54 1.17 9.2
VE8770 7,100 49.0 480 3.31 11,900 82.1 470 3.24 300 149 40–48 1.13 9.4
* Construction: V/M/M/V V = Synthetic Veil M = 1.5 oz. Chopped Strand Mat
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Physical Properties Retention at Various Temperatures
°C
°F Flexural Strength, psi/MPa
Flexural Modulus, ksi/GPa
Tensile Strength, psi/MPa
Tensile Modulus, ksi/GPa
VE8100
-29 -20 37,000/255 1,220/8.41 26,800/185 2,010/13.9 25 77 32,000/221 1,170/8.07 26,100/180 1,750 /12.1 66 93
150 200
31,500/217 29,000/200
1,150/7.93 960/6.62
23,500/162 22,600/156
1,520 /10.5 1,330 /9.12
121 250 3,500/24.1 190/1.31 13,000/89.7 620/4.28
VE8300
-29 -20 36,700/253 1,210/8.34 27,700/191 1,960/13.5 25 77 33,700/232 1,110/7.66 25,600/177 1,510/10.4 66 93
150 200
32,500/224 28,300/195
1,010/6.97 930/6.41
23,900/165 22,500/155
1,610/11.1 1,530/10.6
121 250 3,300/22.8 150/1.03 12,700/87.6 1,360/9.38 149 300 — — — 590/4.07
VE8360
-29 -20 45,700/315 1,320/9.10 26,100/180 2,020/13.9 25 77 46,800/323 1,370/9.45 25,000/172 1,790/12.3 66 93
150 200
30,600/211 28,700/198
990/6.83 900/6.21
21,200/146 23,500/162
1,600/11.0 1,410/9.72
121 250 11,600/80.0 5503.79 20,300/140 690/4.76
VE8400
-29 -20 42,700/294 1,360/9.41 31,800/219 2,260/15.6 25 77 39,600/273 1,300/8.95 29,600/204 ,240/15.5 66 93
150 200
34,000/234 24,800/171
1,150/7.91 940/6.46
26,900/185 25,900/179
1,930/13.3 1,580/10.9
121 250 2,300/16.0 120/0.82 14,300/98.6 1,400/9.70 149 300 — — — 840/5.80
VE8440
-29 -20 38,500/266 1,260/8.60 22,000/152 1,820/12.6 25 77 36,100/249 1,190/8.21 21,100/146 1,590/11.0 66 93
150 200
28,500/197 27,900/192
1,050/7.24 1,010/6.97
19,900/137 19,500/134
1,240/8.55 1,160/8.00
121 250 11,900/82.1 510/3.52 18,500/128 1,090/7.52 149 300 4,600/31.7 270/1,86 16,900/117 990/6.83
VE8450
-29 -20 34,800/240 1,110/7.66 27,800/192 1,840/12.7 25 77 31,900/220 1,270/8.76 24,700/170 1,620/11.2 66 93
150 200
28,800/199 25,700/177
1,220/8.42 920/6.34
24,000/166 22,000/152
1,430/9.86 1,220/8.41
121 250 8,000/55.2 500/3.45 18,300/126 1,080/7.45
VE 8480N
-29 25 66 93
121 149 177
-20 77
150 200 250 300 350
49,500/266 36,100/249 28,500/197 27,900/192 11,900/82.1 4,600/31.7
—
1,630/11.2 1,360/9.38 1,230/8.48 1,100/7.58 990/6.48 310/2.05
—
34,000/152 31,100/146 26,200/137 25,500/134 24,500/128 17,700/117 11,100/76.6
2,200/15.3 2,120/15.0 2,040/13.9 1,900/13.4 1,150/7.75 990/6.83
—
VE8510
-29 -20 37,000/255 1,310/9.03 25,000/172 1,950/13.4 25 66
77 150
32,100/221 17,000/117
1,260/8.69 760/5.24
19,400/134 19,000/131
1,560/10.8 1,090/7.52
93 200 5,500/37.9 — — —
VE8515
-29 -20 42,300/292 1,280/8.83 22,400/154 1,860/12.8 25 66
77 150
31,700/219 12,500/86.2
1,110/7.66 540/3.72
20,500/141 19,200/132
1,490/10.3 980/6.76
93 200 3,200/22.1 — 18,300/126 —
VE8550
-29 -20 37,100/256 1,140/7.86 24,600/170 1,090/7.52 25 77 35,600/246 1,120/7.72 26,700/184 1,050/7.24 66 93
150 200
29,500/203 17,200/119
910/6.28 600/4.14
27,400/189 22,000/152
1,120/7.72 880/6.07
121 250 2,700/18.6 180/1.24 15,300/106 610/4.21
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°C
°F Flexural Strength, psi/MPa
Flexural Modulus, ksi/GPa
Tensile Strength, psi/MPa
Tensile Modulus, ksi/GPa
VE8710
-29 -20 39,100/270 1,240/8.55 21,900/151 1,730/11.9 25 77 35,700/246 1,180/8.14 20,400/141 1,480/10.2 66 93
150 200
28,900/199 27,200/188
1,080/7.45 990/6.83
20,100/139 19,700/136
1,280/8.83 1,190/8.21
121 250 11,500/79.3 470/3.24 16,800/116 1,100/7.59 149 300 5,000/34.5 290/2.00 17,100/118 950/6.55
VE8730
-29 -20 39,000/269 1,690/11.6 22,800/157 2,210/15.2 25 77 29,800/206 1,130/7.79 18,000/124 1,750/12.1 66 150 25,400/175 1,100/7.59 17,300/119 1,490/10.3 93
121 200 250
25,100/173 21,000/145
1,060/7.31 970/6.69
16,600/114 15,800/109
1,310/9.03 1,240/8.55
149 300 14,900/103 610/4.21 15,000/103 990/6.83 177 350 5,600/38.6 — 14,100/97.2 980/6.76 204 400 4,700/32.4 — 9,900/68.3 820/5.66
VE8740
-29
-20 34,800/269 1,250/8.62 28,800/157 1,980/13.6 25 77 33,500/206 1,250/8.62 24,300/124 1,920/13.2 66 150 22,900/175 1,100/7.59 22,300/119 1,850/12.8 93
121 200 250
26,300/173 22,600/145
1,060/7.31 1,050/7.24
21,900/114 23,400/109
1,820/12.5 1,740/11.9
149 300 16,200/103 930/6.41 22,600/103 1,480/10.2 177 350 6,400/38.6 732/5/.05 17,100/97.2 1,120/7.77 204 400 5,300/32.4 403/2.78 11,400/68.3 860/5.92
VE8770
-29 -20 30,300/209 1,240/8.55 23,700/163 1,960/13.5 25 77 29,000/200 1,180/8.14 19,500/134 1,840/12.7 66 150 27,000/186 1,140/7.86 19,300/133 1,410/9.72 93
121 200 250
25,600/177 22,100/152
1,010/6.97 860/5.93
18,800/130 17,900/123
1,360/9.38 1,310/9.03
149 300 17,000/117 710/4.90 17,600/121 1,180/8.14 177 350 9,900/68.3 510/ 3.52 17,100/118 1,120/7.72 204 400 6,800/46.9 460/3.17 12,300/84.8 1,090/7.52
Construction: V/M/M/WR/M/WR/M; 40% Fiberglass and 60% Resin by Weight V = Synthetic Veil M = 1.5 ounce Chopped Strand Mat WR = 24 ounce Woven Roving Conversions: psi = 145 MPa; 1 GPa = 1000 MPa; 1ksi = 1000 psi
17
LIQUID Typical VE Liquid Properties
Property % Non-Volatile
Brookfield Viscosity cps at 77°F/25°C
#3 spindle at 60 rpm
Density in gm/ml
Flash Point Setaflash
°F/C
Reactivity: Gel Time at 77°F/25°C
(min.)*
Reactivity: SPI Gel Time at 180°F/82°C
(min.)**
VE8100 50 100 1.02 86/30 18 13
VE8300 55 500 1.03 86/30 18 13
VE8360 63 500 1.06 86/30 18 11
VE8400 60 500 1.17 86/30 18 10
VE8440 60 500 1.17 86/30 18 10
VE8480N 61 325 1.15 86/30 18 8
VE8510 60 500 1.03 86/30 18 11
VE8515 66 400 1.04 86/30 18 10
VE8550 60 500 1.05 86/30 18 10
VE8710 55 500 1.03 100/38 18 13
VE8730 63 350 1.03 86/30 18*** 13
VE8740 65 450 1.08 86/30 18*** 13
VE8770 60 500 1.03 100/38 18 13
* Test Method Only: 1.2 phr (50%) MEKP / 0.20% (12%) Cobalt / 0.50% Dimethylaniline unless otherwise noted. ** Test Method Only: 1.0 phr BPO. *** Test Method Only: 1.2 phr (50%) MEKP / 0.15% (12%) Cobalt.
18
VE Corrosion/Chemical Resistance
The guidelines that follow are intended to cover only parts and equipment manufactured according to industry standards such as The Society for the Plastic Industry’s Quality Assurance Report, RTP Corrosion-Resistant Equipment.
Chemical Resistance of CoREZYN® Vinyl Ester Resins
Chemical Concentration Percentage by Weight
VE8100 VE8300 VE8360
VE8400 VE8440
VE8470 VE8710
VE8480N VE8730 VE8740
VE8770 VE8515 VE8550
A Acetaldehyde NR NR NR – – NR NR NR
Acetic Acid
1–10 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 150 / 66 140 / 60 140 / 60 11–25 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 150 / 66 140 / 60 – 26–50 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 150 / 66 75 / 24 – 51–75 150 / 66 150 / 66 180 / 82 150 / 66 125 / 52 75 / 24 –
Acetic Anhydride NR NR 100 / 38 100 / 38 NR NR NR Acetone 100 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Acrylic Acid (4) 25 100 / 38 100 / 38 100 / 38 100 / 38 80 / 27 NR 80 Acrylonitrile All NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Alcohol, Butyl All 100 / 38 100 / 38 120 / 49 120 / 49 120 / 49 NR NR
Alcohol, Ethyl 10 95
150 / 66 80 / 27
150 / 66 80 / 27
150 / 66 100 / 38
150 / 66 100 / 38
150 / 66 100 / 38
120 / 49 NR
120 / 49 NR
Alcohol, Isopropyl 10 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 140 / 60 140 / 60 100 100 / 38 100 / 38 120 / 49 120 / 49 120 / 49 NR NR
Alcohol, Methyl 5 120 / 49 120 / 49 120 / 49 120 / 49 120 / 49 NR 100 / 38
20 100 / 38 100 / 38 100 / 38 100 / 38 100 / 38 NR NR 100 NR NR NR 90 / 32 90 / 32 NR NR
Alcohol, Secondary Butyl All 100 / 38 100 / 38 120 / 49 120 / 49 120 / 49 NR NR Allyl Chloride All NR NR NR 80 / 27 80 / 27 NR NR Alum All 210 / 99 210 / 99 220 / 104 250 / 121 210 / 99 140 / 60 140 / 60 Aluminum Chloride All 210 / 99 210 / 99 220 / 104 250 / 121 210 / 99 140 / 60 NR Aluminum Fluoride (2) All 80 / 27 80 / 27 80 / 27 80 / 27 80 / 27 NR 140 / 60 Aluminum Hydroxide 100 180 / 82 180 / 82 200 / 93 200 / 93 150 / 66 140 / 60 140 / 60 Aluminum Nitrate All 160 / 71 160 / 71 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 100 / 38 160 / 71 Aluminum Potassium Sulfate
All
210 / 99
210 / 99
220 / 104
250 / 121
220 / 104
140 / 60
160 / 71
Ammonia, Aqueous 20 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 120 / 49 120 / 49 150 / 66 Ammonia, Gas (Dry) 100 100 / 38 100 / 38 100 / 38 100 / 38 100 / 38 100 / 38 100 / 38 Ammonia, Liquefied Gas NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Ammonium Acetate 65 80 / 27 80 / 27 80 / 27 80 / 27 80 / 27 NR NR Ammonium Bicarbonate 1–50 160 / 71 160 / 71 160 / 71 160 / 71 140 / 60 140 / 60 140 / 60 Ammonium Bisulfite (Black Liquor)
180 / 82
180 / 82
180 / 82
180 / 82
120 / 49
NR
–
180 / 82
Ammonium Carbonate All 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 120 / 49 120 / 49 Ammonium Chloride (2) All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 160 / 71 Ammonium Citrate All 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 120 / 49 120 / 49 Ammonium Fluoride (2) All 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 120 / 49 120 / 49
Ammonium Hydroxide (2)
5 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 150 / 66 140 / 60 – 10 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 120 / 49 120 / 49 – 20 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 120 / 49 120 / 49 – 29 100 / 38 100 / 38 150 / 66 180 / 82 100 / 38 NR NR
Ammonium Nitrate All 210 / 99 210 / 99 220 / 104 250 / 121 210 / 99 140 / 60 160 / 71 Ammonium Persulfate All 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 140 / 60 160 / 71 Ammonium Phosphate 65 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 180 / 82 140 / 60 160 / 71 Ammonium Sulfate All 210 / 99 210 / 99 220 / 104 250 / 121 210 / 99 140 / 60 160 / 71 Amyl Acetate 100 NR NR 70 / 21 120 / 49 120 / 49 NR NR
19
Chemical Concentration Percentage by Weight
VE8100 VE8300 VE8360
VE8400 VE8440
VE8470 VE8710
VE8480N VE8730 VE8740
VE8770 VE8515 VE8550
Aniline All NR NR NR 100 / 38 100 / 38 NR NR Aniline Hydrochloride All 150 / 66 150 / 66 180 / 82 180 / 82 150 / 66 140 / 60 – Aniline Sulfate All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 – Arsenic Acid All 100 / 38 100 / 38 100 / 38 100 / 38 80 / 27 NR NR Arsenious Acid All 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 150 / 66 – 120 / 49
B Barium Acetate All 190 / 88 190 / 88 190 / 88 190 / 88 150 / 66 140 / 60 – Barium Carbonate All 210 / 99 210 / 99 220 / 104 250 / 121 250 / 121 140 / 60 160 / 71 Barium Chloride All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 160 / 71 Barium Hydroxide (2) 1–10 150 / 66 150 / 66 180 / 82 150 / 66 120 / 49 100 / 38 120 / 49 Barium Sulfate All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 250 / 121 210 / 99 140 / 60 160 71 Barium Sulfide All 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 140 / 60 – Beer 100 120 / 49 – – – – – – Benzene (4) 100 NR NR NR 100 / 38 100 / 38 NR NR 5% Benzene in Kerosene 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 – – Benzene Sulfonic Acid All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 140 / 60 Benzoic Acid All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 160 / 71 O-Benzoyl Benzoic Acid All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 – Benzyl Alcohol 100 NR NR 80 / 27 100 / 38 100 / 38 NR NR Benzyl Chloride 100 NR NR NR 80 / 27 NR NR NR Black Liquor Recovery (Furnace Gasses)
325 / 163
325 / 163
350 / 177
400 / 204
350 / 177
–
–
Brass Plating Solution: 3% Copper Cyanide 6% Sodium Cyanide 1% Zinc Cyanide 3% Sodium Carbonate
180 / 82
180 / 82
180 / 82
180 / 82
150 / 66
–
160 / 71
Brine All 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 150 / 66 120 / 49 130/54 Bromic Acid 100 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Bromine, Liquid 100 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Bromine Water (2) 5 180 / 82 180 / 82 200 / 93 200 / 93 200 / 93 120 / 49 – Bronze Plating Solution: 4% Copper Cyanide 5% Sodium Cyanide 3% Sodium Carbonate 4.5% Rochelle Salts
180 / 82
180 / 82
180 / 82
180 / 82
150 / 66
–
–
Butanol See Alcohol, Butyl
Butyl Acetate All NR NR NR 80 / 27 80 / 27 NR NR Butyl Benzyl Phthalate 100 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 – – Butyl Carbitol 100 – – 100 / 38 100 / 38 100 / 38 – – Butyl Cellosolve 100 NR NR 100 / 38 100 / 38 100 / 38 – – Butylene Glycol 100 160 / 71 160 / 71 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 – NR
Butyric Acid 1–50 100
210 / 99 NR
210 / 99 NR
210 / 99 100 / 38
210 / 99 100 / 38
210 / 99 NR
– NR
– NR
C Cadmium Chloride All 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 – 160 / 71 Cadmium Cyanide Plating Solution: 3% Cadmium Oxide 10% Sodium Cyanide 1% Caustic Soda
180 / 82
180 / 82
180 / 82
180 / 82
–
–
160 / 71
Calcium Bisulfite All 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 – 160 / 71 Calcium Carbonate All 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 – 160 / 71 Calcium Chlorate (2) All 210 / 99 210 / 99 220 / 104 250 / 121 210 / 99 – 160 / 71 Calcium Chloride (2) All 210 / 99 210 / 99 220 / 104 250 / 121 210 / 99 140 / 60 160 / 71 Calcium Hydroxide (2) All 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 150 / 66 – 160 / 71 Calcium Hypochlorite(1) (2) All 160 / 71 180 / 82 180 / 82 150 / 66 140 / 60 100 / 38 120 / 49 Calcium Nitrate All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 160 / 71
20
Chemical Concentration Percentage by Weight
VE8100 VE8300 VE8360
VE8400 VE8440
VE8470 VE8710
VE8480N VE8730 VE8740
VE8770 VE8515 VE8550
C Calcium Sulfate All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 160 / 71 Calcium Sulfite All 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 140 / 60 160 / 71 Cane Sugar Liquor All 180 / 82 – – – – – – Caprylic Acid (Octanoic Acid)
100
180 / 82
180 / 82
210 / 99
210 / 99
180 / 82
–
160 / 71
Carbon Dioxide Gas 210 / 99 210 / 99 240 / 116 350 / 177 350 / 177 140 / 60 160 / 71 Carbon Disulfide 100 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Carbon Monoxide Gas 210 / 99 210 / 99 240 / 116 350 / 177 350 / 177 140 / 60 160 / 71 Carbon Tetrachloride 100 100 / 38 100 / 38 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 – – Carbonic Acid All 100 / 38 100 / 38 150 / 66 150 / 66 – – – Carbowax 100 100 / 38 100 / 38 100 / 38 100 / 38 100 / 38 – – Carboxy Ethyl Cellulose 10 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 – 120 / 49 Carboxy Methyl Cellulose 10 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 – 120 / 49 Castor Oil 100 75 / 24 75 / 24 100 / 38 120 / 49 120 / 49 – 120 / 49 Caustic (2) See Sodium Hydroxide
Chlorinated Brine Liquors (2) (5) (Caustic Chlorine Cell)
Consult Laboratory
Chlorinated Wax All 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 140 / 60 – Chlorine Dioxide/Air 5/95 200 / 93 200 / 93 200 / 93 200 / 93 200 / 93 – – Chlorine Dioxide, Wet Gas 5 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 – – Chlorine, Dry Gas 100 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 200 / 93 200 / 93 140 / 60 160 / 71 Chlorine, Wet Gas 100 200 / 93 200 / 93 200 / 93 200 / 93 200 / 93 140 / 60 160 / 71 Chlorine Liquid 100 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Chlorine Water (2) Sat. 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 – NR Chloroacetic Acid 25 120 / 49 120 / 49 120 / 49 120 / 49 – NR NR
50 100 / 38 100 / 38 100 / 38 100 / 38 – NR NR Concentrated NR NR NR NR NR NR NR
Chlorobenzene (4) 100 NR NR 90 / 32 100 / 38 100 / 38 NR NR Chloroform 100 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Chlorosulfonic Acid 100 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Chrome Plating Bath: 19% Chromic Acid Sodium Fluorosilicate Sulfate
–
–
140 / 60
–
–
–
–
Chromic Acid
10 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 NR NR – 20 120 / 49 120 / 49 120 / 49 150 / 66 NR NR 100 / 38 30 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR
Chromium Sulfate All 150 / 66 150 / 66 180 / 82 180 / 82 150 / 66 – – Citric Acid All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 140 / 60 Coconut Oil 100 180 / 82 180 / 82 200 / 93 200 / 93 200 / 93 140 / 60 160 / 71 Copper Brite Plating (2)
Caustic-Cyanide 160 / 71 160 / 71 190 / 88 160 / 71 – – – Copper Chloride All 210 / 99 210 / 99 250 / 121 250 / 121 250 / 121 140 / 60 160 / 71 Copper Cyanide All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 – – 160 / 71 Copper Fluoride (2) All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 – Copper Matte Dipping Bath: 30% Ferric Chloride 19% Hydrochloric Acid
180 / 82
180 / 82
180 / 82
180 / 82
–
–
–
Copper Nitrate All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 – Copper Pickling Bath: 10% Ferric Sulfate 10% Sulfuric Acid
200 / 93
200 / 93
200 / 93
200 / 93
–
–
–
21
Chemical Concentration Percentage by Weight
VE8100 VE8300 VE8360
VE8400 VE8440
VE8470 VE8710
VE8480N VE8730 VE8740
VE8770 VE8515 VE8550
C Copper Plating Solution: Copper Cyanide 10.5% Copper 14% Sodium Cyanide 6% Rochelle Salts
160 / 71
160 / 71
190 / 88
160 / 71
–
–
Copper Plating Solution: 45% Copper Fluoroborate 19% Copper Sulfate 8% Sulfuric Acid
180 / 82
180 / 82
200 / 93
180 / 82
–
–
160 / 71
Copper Sulfate All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 250 / 121 – – 160 / 71 Corn Oil 100 210 / 99 190 / 88 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 – – Corn Starch, Slurry All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 – – – Corn Sugar All 210 / 99 – – – – – 120 / 49 Cottonseed Oil 100 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 – NR Cresylic Acid 100 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Crude Oil, Sour 100 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 250 / 121 210 / 99 – 120 / 49 Crude Oil, Sweet 100 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 250 / 121 210 / 99 120 / 49 – Cumene 100 80 / 27 80 / 27 100 / 38 120 / 49 120 / 49 NR – Cyclohexane 100 120 / 49 120 / 49 120 / 49 150 / 66 150 / 66 – – Cyclohexanone 100 100 / 38 100 / 38 100 / 38 120 / 49 120 / 49 NR –
D Deionized Water 100 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 150 / 66 120 / 49 150 / 66 Demineralized Water 100 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 150 / 66 120 / 49 150 / 66 Detergents, Sulfonated All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 220 / 104 220 / 104 – – Diallyl Phthalate 100 180 / 82 180 / 82 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 – 120 / 49 Diammonium Phosphate 65 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 – 140 / 60 150 / 66 Dibromophenol (2) 100 NR NR NR 100 / 38 100 / 38 NR NR Dibutyl Ether 100 80 / 27 80 / 27 80 / 27 150 / 66 150 / 66 NR – Dichlorobenzene 100 NR NR 120 / 49 120 / 49 120 / 49 NR NR Dichloroethylene 100 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Dichloromonomethane 100 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Dichloropropane 100 NR NR NR 100 / 38 – NR NR Dichloropropene 100 NR NR NR 80 / 27 – NR NR Diesel Fuel 100 180 / 82 180 / 82 200 / 93 200 / 93 200 / 93 NR 120 / 49 Diethanolamine 100 80 / 27 80 / 27 100 / 38 120 / 49 100 / 38 NR NR Diethylamine 100 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Diethylbenzene 100 80 / 27 80 / 27 100 / 38 120 / 49 120 / 49 NR NR Diethyl Carbonate 100 NR NR NR 80 / 27 – NR NR Diethylene Glycol 100 180 / 82 180 / 82 200 / 93 200 / 93 200 / 93 NR 150 / 66 Diethylhexyl Phosphoric Acid (in Kerosene)
20
120 / 49
120 / 49
150 / 66
150 / 66
120 / 49
100 / 38
–
Diethyl Sulfate 100 NR NR 100 / 38 100 / 38 100 / 38 – – Diisobutylene 100 100 / 38 100 / 38 100 / 38 120 / 49 100 / 38 – – Diisobutyl Phthalate 100 150 / 66 150 / 66 180 / 82 200 / 93 200 / 93 100 / 38 – Diisopropanolamine 100 100 / 38 100 / 38 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 NR NR Dimethyl Formamide 100 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Dimethyl Morpholine 100 NR NR NR 100 / 38 – NR NR Dimethyl Phthalate 100 150 / 66 150 / 66 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 100 / 38 – Dioctyl Phthalate 100 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 200 / 93 200 / 93 100 / 38 120 / 49 Dipropylene Glycol 100 180 / 82 180 / 82 200 / 93 210 / 99 210 / 99 100 / 38 120 / 49 Distilled Water (See Water, Distilled)
DMA 4 Weed Killer ( 2) (4) 100 – – 120 / 49 – – – – DMA 6 Weed Killer 100 – – 120 / 49 – – – – Dodecyl Alcohol 100 150 / 66 150 / 66 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 – –
22
Chemical Concentration Percentage by Weight
VE8100 VE8300 VE8360
VE8400 VE8440
VE8470 VE8710
VE8480N VE8730 VE8740
VE8770 VE8515 VE8550
E EDTA All 100 / 38 100 / 38 100 / 38 100 / 38 100 / 38 NR NR Electrosol 5 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 – – Epichlorohydrin 100 NR NR NR – – NR NR Epoxidized Soybean Oil 100 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 100 / 38 120 / 49 Esters, Fatty Acids 100 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 – 120 / 49 Ethanol, See Alcohol, Ethyl
Ethyl Acetate 100 NR NR NR – – NR NR Ethyl Acrylate 100 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Ethyl Benzene 100 NR NR NR 100 / 38 100 / 38 NR NR Ethyl Bromide 100 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Ethyl Chloride 100 NR NR NR – – NR NR Ethyl Ether 100 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Ethylene Chlorohydrin 100 NR NR 100 / 38 100 / 38 – NR NR Ethylene Glycol 100 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 140 / 60 Ethylene Glycol Monobutyl Ether
100
–
–
100 / 38
100 / 38
100 / 38
NR
NR
Ethyl Sulfate All 80 / 27 80 / 27 100 / 38 100 / 38 100 / 38 NR NR
F Fatty Acids All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 140 / 60 Ferric Chloride All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 160 / 71 Ferric Nitrate All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 160 / 71 Ferric Sulfate All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 160 / 71 Ferrous Chloride All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 160 / 71 Ferrous Nitrate All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 160 / 71 Ferrous Sulfate All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 160 / 71 8-8-8 Fertilizer 120 / 49 120 / 49 120 / 49 120 / 49 120 / 49 – 120 / 49 Fertilizer-Urea Ammonium Nitrate
All
120 / 49
120 / 49
120 / 49
120 / 49
120 / 49
–
–
Flue gas, dry 325 / 163 325 / 163 340 / 171 340 / 171 340 / 171 – – Fluoboric Acid (2) All 180/82 210 / 99 200/93 210/99 – – 120 / 49
Fluosilicic Acid (2) 10 20
180 / 82 100 / 38
180 / 82 100 / 28
180 / 82 100 / 38
180 / 82 100 / 38
– –
– –
120 / 49 NR
Formic Acid 10 85
180 / 82 90 / 32
180 / 82 –
180 / 82 –
180 / 82 100 / 38
180 / 82 100 / 38
– 100 / 38
120 / 49 100 / 38
Freon 11 100 80 / 27 80 / 27 80 / 27 80 / 27 80 / 27 – 120 / 49 Fuel Oil 100 180 / 82 180 / 82 200 / 93 200 / 93 200 / 93 140 / 60 120 / 49
Furfural 5 100
120 / 49 NR
120 / 49 NR
150 / 66 NR
150 / 66 NR
150 / 66 NR
– NR
NR NR
G Gallic Acid Saturated – – – 100 / 38 – – – Gas, Natural 100 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 –
Gasohol (5) Consult Laboratory
Gasoline, Auto (leaded and unleaded)
100
180 / 82
180 / 82
180 / 82
180 / 82
180 / 82
–
–
Gasoline, Aviation 100 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 – 120 / 49 Gasoline, Ethyl 100 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 – – Gasoline, Sour 100 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 – – Gluconic Acid 50 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 – – – Glucose All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 250 / 121 250 / 121 140 / 60 – Glutaraldehyde 50 120 / 49 120 / 49 120 / 49 120 / 49 120 / 49 – 100 / 38 Glutaric Acid 50 120 / 49 120 / 49 120 / 49 120 / 49 – – – Glycerine All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 140 / 60 Glycol, Ethylene 100 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 140 / 60 Glycol, Propylene 100 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 140 / 60
23
Chemical Concentration Percentage by Weight
VE8100 VE8300 VE8360
VE8400 VE8440
VE8470 VE8710
VE8480N VE8730 VE8740
VE8770 VE8515 VE8550
G Glycolic Acid 10 180 / 82 180 / 82 200 / 93 200 / 93 – – – Hydroxyacetic Acid 70 80 / 27 80 / 27 100 / 38 100 / 38 – – – Glyoxal 40 80 / 27 80 / 27 80 / 27 80 / 27 80 / 27 – – Gold Plating Solution: 63% Potassium Ferrocyanide 0.2% Potassium Gold Cyanide 0.8% Sodium Cyanide
180 / 82
180 / 82
180 / 82
180 / 82
180 / 82
140 / 60
140 / 60
H Heptane 100 200 / 93 200 / 93 200 / 93 200 / 93 200 / 93 140 / 60 150 / 66 Hexane 100 160 / 71 160 / 71 160 / 71 160 / 71 160 / 71 120 / 49 – Hexylene Glycol 100 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 140 / 60 140 / 60 Hot Stack Gasses 340 / 171 340 / 171 340 / 171 340 / 171 340 / 171 – – Hydraulic Fluid Organic 100 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 120 / 49 120 / 49 Synthetic 100 – – – 120 / 49 – – – Hydrazine 70 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR
Hydrobromic Acid (2)
25 48 60
180 / 82 150 / 66 100 / 38
180 / 82 150 / 66 100 / 38
180 / 82 150 / 66 100 / 38
180 / 82 150 / 66 100 / 38
140 / 60 120 / 49 80 / 27
– – –
160 / 71 120 / 49
NR
Hydrochloric Acid (6)
10 20 37
180 / 82 180 / 82 100 / 66
180 / 82 180 / 82 100 / 66
200 / 93 180 / 82 120 / 82
230 / 110 180 / 82 120 / 82
180 / 82 120 / 49
–
140 / 60 140 / 60
–
140 / 60 140 / 60 100 / 38
Hydrochloric Acid (Saturated with Chlorine Gas) (2)
30
180 / 82
180 / 82
180 / 82
220 / 104
180 / 82
–
–
Hydrocyanic Acid All 150 / 66 180 / 82 150 / 66 210 / 99 150 / 66 140 / 60 150 / 66 Hydrofluoric 10 130 / 54 130 / 54 130 / 54 130 / 54 130 / 54 – 120 / 49 Acid (2) (4) 20 100 / 38 100 / 38 100 / 38 100 / 38 100 / 38 – NR Hydrofluosilicic 10 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 – 120 / 49 Acid (2) (4) 35 100 / 38 100 / 38 100 / 38 100 / 38 100 / 38 – NR Hydrogen Bromide (2), Wet Gas
100
180/82
180/82
180/82
180/82
180/82
120/49
–
Hydrogen Chloride (2), Dry Gas
100
210 / 99
210 / 99
210 / 99
300 / 149
210 / 99
–
160 / 71
Hydrogen Chloride (2), Wet Gas
100
210 / 99
210 / 99
210 / 99
300 / 149
210 / 99
–
160 / 71
Hydrogen Fluoride (2), Vapor
180 / 82
180 / 82
180 / 82
180 / 82
180 / 82
120 / 49
–
Hydrogen Peroxide (1) (4) 30 100 / 38 150 / 66 100/38 150 / 66 150 / 66 – 120 / 49 Hydrogen Sulfide, Aqueous
5
180 / 82
180 / 82
200 / 93
200 / 93
200 / 93
–
160 / 71
Hydrogen Sulfide, Dry Gas
100
210 / 99
210 / 99
210 / 99
210 / 99
210 / 99
–
160 / 71
Hydrosulfite Bleach All 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 150 / 66 120 / 49 – Hypochlorous 10 180 / 82 180 / 82 160 / 71 160 / 71 120 / 49 140 / 60 140 / 60 Acid (1) (2) (4) 20 140 / 60 140 / 60 140 / 60 140 / 60 100 / 38 80 / 27 80 / 27
I Iron and Steel Clean Bath: (2) 9% Hydrochloric Acid 23% Sulfuric Acid
–
–
100 / 38
–
–
–
–
–
Isopropyl Alcohol See Alcohol, Isopropyl
24
Chemical Concentration Percentage by Weight
VE8100 VE8300 VE8360
VE8400 VE8440
VE8470 VE8710
VE8480N VE8730 VE8740
VE8770 VE8515 VE8550
I Isopropyl Amine All 100 / 38 100 / 38 120 / 49 120 / 49 120 / 49 – – Isopropyl Palmitate 100 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 230 / 110 230 / 110 140 / 60 140 / 60
J Jet Fuel (JP-4) 100 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 120 / 49 –
K Kerosene 100 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 – 120 / 49
L Lactic Acid All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 140 / 60 Lasso (50% Chlorobenzene)
NR
NR
NR
120 / 49
120 / 49
120 / 49
NR
Latex All 120 / 49 120 / 49 120 / 49 120 / 49 120 / 49 NR 120 / 49 Lauric Acid All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 160 / 71 Lauryl Chloride All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 140 / 60 Lead Acetate All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 230 / 110 230 / 110 140 / 60 – Lead Nitrate All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 230 / 110 230 / 110 140 / 60 – Lead Plating Solution: 8% Lead 0.8% Fluorboric Acid 0.4% Boric Acid
180 / 82
180 / 82
180 / 82
180 / 82
–
–
–
Linseed Oil 100 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 230 / 110 230 / 110 140 / 60 140 / 60 Lithium Bromide (2) Saturated 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 160 / 71
Lithium Chloride 30 50
210 / 99 210 / 99
210 / 99 210 / 99
210 / 99 210 / 99
210 / 99 210 / 99
210 / 99 210 / 99
140 / 60 140 / 60
160 / 71 160 / 71
Lithium Sulfate Saturated 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 140 / 60
M Magnesium Bisulfite All 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 120 / 49 150 / 66 Magnesium Carbonate All 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 120 / 49 150 / 66 Magnesium Chloride (2) All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 240 / 116 240 / 116 120 / 49 150 / 66 Magnesium Hydroxide (2) All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 150 / 66 Magnesium Sulfate All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 240 / 116 240 / 116 140 / 60 150 / 66 Maleic Acid All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 240 / 116 240 / 116 140 / 60 140 / 60 Mercuric Chloride All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 150 / 66 Mercurous Chloride All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 150 / 66 Methyl Alcohol 100 NR NR NR 100 / 38 100 / 38 NR NR Methanol See Alcohol, Methyl
Methylene Chloride 100 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Methyl Ethyl Ketone 100 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Methyl Isobutyl Carbitol 100 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Methyl Isobutyl Ketone 100 NR NR NR – – NR NR Methyl Styrene 100 NR NR NR – – NR NR Mineral Oils 100 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 240 / 116 240 / 116 140 / 60 140 / 60 Molybdenum Disulfide 100 200 / 93 200 / 93 200 / 93 200 / 93 – – – Monochloroacetic Acid 100 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Monoethanolamine 100 NR NR NR 80 / 27 – NR NR Motor Oil 100 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 250 / 121 250 / 121 140 / 60 140 / 60 Muriatic Acid 37 150 / 66 150 / 66 180 / 82 180 / 82 – – 100 / 38 Myristic Acid 100 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 180 / 82 140 / 60 120 / 49
N Naphtha 100 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 150 / 66 Naphthalene 100 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 150 / 66 Nickel Chloride All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 150 / 66 Nickel Nitrate All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 150 / 66
25
Chemical Concentration Percentage by Weight
VE8100 VE8300 VE8360
VE8400 VE8440
VE8470 VE8710
VE8480N VE8730 VE8740
VE8770 VE8515 VE8550
N Nickel Plating: 11% Nickel Sulfate 2% Nickel Chloride 1% Boric Acid
180 / 82
180 / 82
180 / 82
180 / 82
–
100 / 38
150 / 66
Nickel Plating: 44% Nickel Sulfate 4% Ammonium Chloride 4% Boric Acid
180 / 82
180 / 82
180 / 82
180 / 82
–
100 / 38
150 / 66
Nickel Sulfate All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 150 / 66
Nitric Acid 5 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 – 100 / 38 140 / 60
20 120 / 49 120 / 49 140 / 60 140 / 60 – NR 120 / 49 52 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR
Nitric Acid Fumes 10-60 160 / 71 160 / 71 180 / 82 180 / 82 – – 150 / 66 Nitrobenzene All NR NR NR 100 / 38 – NR NR
O Oakite Rust Stripper 100 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 140 / 60 – Octanoic Acid 100 180 / 82 180 / 82 210 / 99 210 / 99 – 140 / 60 – Oil, Sour Crude 100 210 / 99 210 / 99 250 / 121 250 / 121 210 / 99 140 / 60 140 / 60 Oil, Sweet Crude 100 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 250 / 121 210 / 99 140 / 60 150 / 66 Oleic Acid All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 160 / 71 Oleum (Fuming Sulfuric) NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Olive Oil 100 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 250 / 121 250 / 121 140 / 60 160 / 71 Oxalic Acid All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 – 140 / 60 –
P
Perchloric Acid (2) 10 30
150 / 66 100 / 38
150 / 66 100 / 38
150 / 66 100 / 38
150 / 66 100 / 38
150 / 66 100 / 38
– –
– NR
Perchloroethylene 80 / 27 80 / 27 100 / 38 100 / 38 – – – Peroxide Bleach: (1) (2) 2% Sodium Peroxide, 96% 0.025% Epsom Salts, 5% Sodium Silicate, 42° BE 1.4% Sulfuric Acid, 66° BE
210 / 99
210 / 99
210 / 99
210 / 99
–
140 / 60
140 / 60
Phenol 100 NR NR NR – – NR NR Phenol Sulfonic Acid 100 NR NR NR – – NR NR Phosphoric Acid All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 – 140 / 60 150 / 66 (Super Phosphoric Acid 105 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 – 140 / 60 150 / 66 Phosphoric Acid Fumes All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 – 140 / 60 150 / 66 Phosphorous Pentoxide 1-54 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 – 140 / 60 140 / 60 Phosphorous Trichloride 100 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Phthalic Acid All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 – –
Pickle Liquor (5) Consult Laboratory
Picric Acid, Alcoholic 10 100 / 38 – 100 / 38 100 / 38 – – NR Polymer (Aqueous Acrylic Emulsion)
All
120 / 49
120 / 49
120 / 49
120 / 49
–
–
100 / 38
Polymer (Polyester Water Reducible)
All
120 / 49
120 / 49
120 / 49
120 / 49
–
–
100 / 38
Polyvinyl Acetate Latex All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 – – – Polyvinyl Alcohol 100 100 / 38 100 / 38 120 / 49 120 / 49 120 / 49 – – Polyvinyl Chloride Latex with 35 parts DOP
120 / 49
120 / 49
120 / 49
120 / 49
120 / 49
–
–
120 / 49
Potassium Aluminum Sulfate
All
210 / 99
210 / 99
210 / 99
250 / 121
250 / 121
140 / 60
150 / 66
Potassium Bicarbonate 1-50 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 – – 150 / 66 Potassium Bromide All 160 / 71 160 / 71 160 / 71 160 / 71 – – 150 / 66 Potassium Carbonate All 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 – – 150 / 66 Potassium Chloride All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 150 / 66
26
Chemical Concentration Percentage by Weight
VE8100 VE8300 VE8360
VE8400 VE8440
VE8470 VE8710
VE8480N VE8730 VE8740
VE8770 VE8515 VE8550
P Potassium Dichromate All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 150 / 66 Potassium Ferricyanide All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 150 / 66 Potassium Ferrocyanide All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 150 / 66 Potassium 1-10 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 – – Hydroxide(2) (4) 15 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 – – – Potassium Nitrate (2) (4)
All
210 / 99
210 / 99
210 / 99
210 / 99
210 / 99
140 / 60
150 / 66
Potassium Permanganate All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 – 150 / 66 Potassium Persulfate All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 – 140 / 60 150 / 66 Potassium Sulfate All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 150 / 66
Propionic Acid
20 200 / 93 200 / 93 200 / 93 200 / 93 – 140 / 60 140 / 60 50 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 – – NR
100 NR NR NR 80 / 27 – – NR Propylene Glycol All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 150 / 66 Pulp Paper Mill Effluent (5)
Consult Laboratory
Pyridine 100 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR
Q Quaternary Amine Salts, Aqueous
All
120 / 49
120 / 49
150 / 66
150 / 66
–
–
–
S Salicylic Acid All 160 / 71 160 / 71 160 / 71 160 / 71 – – – Sebacic Acid All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 – 140 / 60 – Salt Water See Water, Salt
Sea Water See Water, Sea
Selenius Acid All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 – 140 / 60 – Silver Nitrate All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 – 140 / 60 – Silver Plating Solution: 4% Silver Cyanide 7% Potassium Cyanide 5% Sodium Cyanide 2% Potassium Carbonate
180 / 82
180 / 82
180 / 82
180 / 82
–
–
–
180 / 82
Soaps, Aqueous All 200 / 93 200 / 93 200 / 93 200 / 93 200 / 93 140 / 60 – Sodium Acetate All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 – 140 / 60 150 / 66 Sodium Akyl Aryl Sulfonates
All
150 / 66
150 / 66
150 / 66
180 / 82
150 / 66
100 / 38
120 / 49
Sodium Aluminate All 160 / 71 160 / 71 160 / 71 160 / 71 – – 100 / 38 Sodium Benzoate 100 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 – – 150 / 66 Sodium Bicarbonate (2)
All
180 / 82
180 / 82
180 / 82
180 / 82
–
100 / 38
150 / 66
Sodium Bifluoride (2) All 120 / 49 120 / 49 120 / 49 – – – 100 / 38 Sodium Bisulfate All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 150 / 66 Sodium Bisulfite All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 150 / 66 Sodium Bromate (2) 10 140 / 60 140 / 60 140 / 60 140 / 60 – 140 / 60 150 / 66 Sodium Bromide All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 – 140 / 60 150 / 66
Sodium Carbonate 1-25 35
180 / 82 160 / 71
180 / 82 160 / 71
180 / 82 160 / 71
180 / 82 160 / 71
– –
– –
150 / 66 150 / 66
Sodium Chlorate (2) All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 – 140 / 60 150 / 66 Sodium Chloride All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 150 / 66 Sodium Chlorite (1) (2) (4) 10 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 – 100 / 38 100 / 38 pH 4-8 50 100 / 38 100 / 38 100 / 38 120 / 49 – – – Sodium Chromate 50 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 150 / 66 Sodium Citrate Saturated 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 150 / 66 Sodium Cyanide All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 140 / 60 Sodium Dichromate All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 150 / 66
27
Chemical Concentration Percentage by Weight
VE8100 VE8300 VE8360
VE8400 VE8440
VE8470 VE8710
VE8480N VE8730 VE8740
VE8770 VE8515 VE8550
S Sodium Di-Phosphate All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 150 / 66 Sodium Ferricyanide All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 150 / 66 Sodium Ferrocyanide All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 150 / 66 Sodium Fluoride (2) All 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 – – 150 / 66 Sodium Fluorosilicate (2)
All
150 / 66
150 / 66
150 / 66
120 / 49
–
–
100 / 38
Sodium Hexametaphosphates
All
120 / 49
120 / 49
120 / 49
120 / 49
–
–
100 / 38
Sodium Hydrosulfide All 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 – – 150 / 66
Sodium Hydroxide (2) (4)
1 180 / 82 180 / 82 200 / 93 150 / 66 – 120 / 49 NR 5 180 / 82 180 / 82 200 / 93 150 / 66 – – NR
10 150 / 66 150 / 66 200 / 93 120 / 49 – – NR 25 180 / 82 180 / 82 200 / 93 150 / 66 – – NR 50 200 / 93 200 / 93 200 / 93 180 / 82 – – NR
Sodium 1-5 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 150 / 66 – – – Hypochlorite (1) (2) (4) 10-15 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 130 / 54 – – – Sodium Lauryl Sulfate All 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 150 / 66 – – – Sodium Monophosphate All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 150 / 66 Sodium Nitrate All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 150 / 66 Sodium Nitrite All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 150 / 66 Sodium Persulfate 20 130 / 54 130 / 54 130 / 54 – – – 100 / 38 Sodium Silicate All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 – – – 150 / 66 Sodium Sulfate All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 – – 150 / 66 Sodium Sulfide All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 – – 150 / 66 Sodium Sulfite All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 – – 150 / 66 Sodium Tetraborate All 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 – – 150 / 66 Sodium Thiocyanate 57 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 – – 150 / 66 Sodium Thiosulfate All 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 – – 150 / 66 Sodium Tripolyphosphate Sat 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 – – 150 / 66 Sodium Xylene Sulfonate All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 – – – – Sorbitol Solutions All 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 – – – – Sour Crude Oil See Crude Oil, Sour
Soya Oil All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 140 / 60 Stannic Chloride All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 150 / 66 Stannous Chloride All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 150 / 66 Stearic Acid All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 140 / 60 Styrene (4) 100 NR NR NR 100 / 38 100 / 38 NR NR Succinonitrile All 100 / 38 100 / 38 100 / 38 100 / 38 – – NR Sugar, Beet and Cane Liquor
All
180 / 82
180 / 82
180 / 82
180 / 82
180 / 82
120 / 49
–
Sugar, Sucrose All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 – Sulfamic Acid 1–10 200 / 93 200 / 93 200 / 93 200 / 93 200 / 93 – 150 / 66 Sulfanilic Acid All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 150 / 66 Sulfated Detergents All 200 / 93 200 / 93 200 / 93 200 / 93 200 / 93 120 / 49 120 / 49 Sulfur Dioxide Gas, Dry or Wet
All
210 / 99
210 / 99
210 / 99
210 / 99
210 / 99
140 / 60
140 / 60
Sulfur Trioxide Gas/Air All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 250 / 121 250 / 121 140 / 60 150 / 66
Sulfuric Acid
1–49 200 / 93 200 / 93 200 / 93 200 / 93 200 / 93 140 / 60 150 / 66 50–60 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 120 / 49 150 / 66
75 100 / 38 100 / 38 120 / 49 120 / 49 100 / 38 NR NR 93 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR
Sulfurous Acid All 100 / 38 100 / 38 100 / 38 100 / 38 – – 100 / 38 Superphosphoric Acid, 76% P2O5
210 / 99
210 / 99
210 / 99
210 / 99
–
140 / 60
150 / 66
T Tall Oil 100 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 200 / 93 – – – Tannic Acid All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 140 / 60
28
Chemical Concentration Percentage by Weight
VE8100 VE8300 VE8360
VE8400 VE8440
VE8470 VE8710
VE8480N VE8730 VE8740
VE8770 VE8515 VE8550
T Tartaric Acid All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 140 / 60 Tetrachloroethylene 100 80 / 27 80 / 27 80 / 27 100 / 38 100 / 38 NR NR Tetrasodium Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetic Acid
All
120 / 49
120 / 49
120 / 49
150 / 66
–
–
150 / 66
Thioglycolic Acid 10 NR NR NR 100 / 38 – – NR Thionyl Chloride 100 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Tin Plating: 18% Stannous Fluoroborate 7% Tin 9% Fluorboric Acid 2% Boric Acid
200 / 93
200 / 93
200 / 93
200 / 93
–
–
–
Toluene (4) 100 NR NR 80 / 27 100 / 38 100 / 38 NR NR Toluene Sulfonic Acid All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 140 / 60 Transformer Oils: Mineral Oil Types Chloro-Phenyl Types
100 100
210 / 99 NR
210 / 99 NR
210 / 99 NR
300 / 149 –
300 / 149 –
140 / 60 NR
140 / 60 NR
Trichloroacetic Acid 50 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 140 / 60 140 / 60 Trichloroethane 100 – – 100 / 38 120 / 49 120 / 49 – NR Trichloroethylene 100 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Trichloromono- fluoromethane (2)
100
80 / 27
80 / 27
100 / 38
100 / 38
100 / 38
–
NR
Trichlorophenol 100 NR NR NR NR NR NR NR Tricresyl Phosphate 100 100 / 38 100 / 38 120 / 49 120 / 49 – – – Tridecylbenzene Sulfonate All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 – – Triethanolamine 100 120 / 49 120 / 49 120 / 49 120 / 49 120 / 49 – NR Trimethylene Chlorobromide
100
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Trisodium Phosphate All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 250 / 121 – – 150 / 66 Turpentine 100 100 / 38 100 / 38 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 NR NR
U Urea 1–50 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 150 / 66 – – 120 / 49 Urea Formaldehyde Resin 100 100 / 38 100 / 38 100 / 38 120 / 49 120 / 49 – NR
V Vegetable Oils 100 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 – – Vinegar 100 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 – 140 / 60 120 / 49 Vinyl Acetate 100 NR NR NR – – NR NR Vinyl Toluene (4) 100 80 / 27 80 / 27 80 / 27 120 / 49 120 / 49 – NR
W Water 100 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 150 / 66 120 / 49 150 / 66 Deionized 100 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 150 / 66 120 / 49 150 / 66 Demineralized 100 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 150 / 66 120 / 49 150 / 66 Distilled 100 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 150 / 66 120 / 49 150 / 66 Fresh 100 200 / 93 200 / 93 200 / 93 200 / 93 150 / 66 120 / 49 150 / 66 Salt Sea 100 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 150 / 66 120 / 49 150 / 66 White Liquor (Pulp Mill) 100 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 180 / 82 – – 150 / 66
X Xylene (4) 100 NR NR 80 / 27 100 / 38 100 / 38 NR NR
Z Zinc Chlorate All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 250 / 121 250 / 121 140 / 60 150 / 66 Zinc Nitrate All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 250 / 121 250 / 121 140 / 60 150 / 66 Zinc Plating Solution: 9% Zinc Cyanide 4% Sodium Cyanide 9% Sodium Hydroxide
160 / 71
160 / 71
160 / 71
160 / 71
–
–
–
29
Chemical Concentration Percentage by Weight
VE8100 VE8300 VE8360
VE8400 VE8440
VE8470 VE8710
VE8480N VE8730 VE8740
VE8770 VE8515 VE8550
T Zinc Plating Solution: 49% Zinc Fluoborate 5% Ammonium Chloride 6% Ammonium Fluoroborate
200 / 93
200 / 93
200 / 93
200 / 93
–
–
–
Zinc Sulfate All 210 / 99 210 / 99 210 / 99 250 / 121 – – 150 / 66
Maximum recommended temperature °F/°C
NR (Not Recommended)
– (No Data on Environment)
(1) BPO/DMA Cure Recommended (2) Synthetic Veil Recommended (3) C-Glass Recommended (4) Post-Cure Recommended (5) Consult Laboratory for Specific Recommendation (6) Double C-veil Recommended
All services within 20°F/11°C maximum service temperature
should be post-cured to ensure a long service life.
Visit www.ResinWizard.com for general recommendations for CoREZYN® vinyl ester, modified vinyl ester and isophthalic resins based on basic inputs from you. It is simple and fast to use.
30
Corrosion Resistant Vinyl Ester Resins Appendix
Typical 100 Gram Cup Gel Time Promoter Chart BPO-DMA System* BPO/DMA System for VE8100, VE8300,VE8400,VE8440, VE8510, VE8515, VE8550, VE8710
Active BPO Level (Weight %)
DMA Level (Weight %)
Temperature
(˚F/˚C)
Gel Time*
(Minutes)
1.00 0.20 65/18 47:00 1.00 0.25 65/18 39:00 1.00 0.30 65/18 33:00 1.00 0.10 77/25 49:30 1.00 0.15 77/25 40:15 1.00 0.20 77/25 30:00 1.00 0.25 77/25 23:50 1.00 0.30 77/25 20:10 1.00 0.15 85/29 30:00 1.00 0.20 85/29 23:00 1.00 0.25 85/29 17:30 1.00 0.10 95/35 26:30 1.00 0.15 95/35 20:30 1.00 0.20 95/35 15:45 1.00 0.25 95/35 12:10
BPO should be 1.0% active. If a 50% paste is being used, the appropriate level is 2.0%.
*Gel time is run in a 100-gram mass at the specified temperature.
31
Typical 100 Gram Cup Gel Time Promoter Chart MEKP-Cobalt System
MEKP-Cobalt System for VE8100, VE8300,VE8400,VE8440, VE8510, VE8515, VE8550, VE8710
Temperature
(˚F/˚C)
12% Cobalt
(Weight %)
DMA
(Weight %)
2, 4 Pentanedione
(Weight %)
MEKP*
(Weight %)
Gel Time**
(Min.)
60/16 0.20 0.17 0.00 1.25 10-20 60/16 0.20 0.12 0.00 2.00 10-20 60/16 0.20 0.12 0.00 1.25 20-30 60/16 0.20 0.15 0.10 2.00 20-30 60/16 0.20 0.15 0.10 1.25 30-40 70/21 0.20 0.10 0.00 1.25 10-20 70/21 0.20 0.05 0.00 2.00 10-20 70/21 0.20 0.05 0.00 1.25 20-30 70/21 0.20 0.05 0.05 2.00 20-30 70/21 0.20 0.05 0.05 1.25 30-40 80/27 0.20 0.05 0.00 1.25 10-20 80/27 0.20 0.05 0.00 2.00 10-20 80/27 0.20 0.05 0.07 1.25 20-30 80/27 0.15 0.05 0.10 2.00 20-30 80/27 0.15 0.05 0.10 1.25 30-40 90/32 0.15 0.05 0.00 1.25 10-20 90/32 0.20 0.00 0.00 2.00 10-20 90/32 0.20 0.00 0.00 1.25 20-30 90/32 0.15 0.05 0.05 2.00 20-30 90/32 0.15 0.05 0.10 1.25 30-40
*If using methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) to gel and cure CoREZYN® vinyl esters, we recommend only these four:
Cadox® L-50a (Akzo Nobel), Luperox® DHD-9 (Arkema), Hi-Point® 90 (Chemtura), or Norox® MEKP-925 (Syrgis, Inc.), at the appropriate percentages and suitable temperatures. Contact your Interplastic Corporation representative for assistance.
**Gel time is run in a 100-gram mass at the specified temperature.
32
Promoters and Inhibitors Used for Gel Time Adjustments
Chemical Typical Levels
Weight Percent
Effects
Problems
12% Cobalt1,2
(12% Co)
0.025–0.25
Shortens gel time. Resin can gel but not cure
properly if too much is added.
N, N-Dimethylaniline1
(DMA)
0.01–0.25 Shortens gel time, improves
cure development. Increases exotherm and decreases shelf life.
N, N-Diethylaniline1
(DEA)
0.01–0.25 Shortens gel time, improves
cure development. Increases exotherm and decreases shelf life.
2, 4 - Pentanedione1
2, 4 - PD)
0.01–0.25
Lengthens gel time without increasing the gel-to-cure interval.
Increases exotherm and decreases shelf life.
10% Solution of T- Butyl Catechol1
0.01–0.30
Lengthens gel time. Gel time may lengthen over
time.
MEKP/Promoter Chart for Thin Laminate Construction
MEKP-Cobalt System for VE8100, VE8300,VE8400,VE8440, VE8510, VE8515, VE8550, VE8710
Temperature
(˚F/˚C)
12% Cobalt (Weight %)
DMA
(Weight %)
2, 4 Pentanedione
(Weight %)
MEKP*
(Weight %)
Gel Time**
(Min.)
60-69 /16-21 0.20 0.17 0.0 2.00 10-20 60-69 /16-21 0.20 0.10 0.00 2.00 21-30 60-69 /16-21 0.20 0.075 0.00 2.00 31-40 70-79 /21-26 0.12 0.075 0.00 1.25 10-20 70-79 /21-26 0.15 0.05 0.05 2.00 21-30 70-79 /21-26 0.15 0.05 0.05 2.00 31-40 80-89 /26-32 0.15 0.05 0.02 1.75 10-20 80-89 /26-32 0.15 0.05 0.05 1.75 21-30 80-89 /26-32 0.15 0.05 0.08 1.75 31-40
*If using methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKP) to gel and cure CoREZYN® vinyl esters, we recommend only these
four: Cadox® L-50a (Akzo Nobel), Luperox® DHD-9 (Arkema), Hi-Point® 90 (Chemtura), or Norox® MEKP-925 (Syrgis, Inc.) at the appropriate percentages and suitable temperatures.
Contact your Interplastic Corporation representative for assistance. **Gel time is run in a 100-gram mass at the specified temperature.
33
Typical 100 Gram Cup Gel Time Promoter Chart VE8730-36 Resin Cumene Hydroperoxide (CHP) Cobalt System for VE8730 series and VE8770 Series
Temperature
(˚F/˚C)
12% Cobalt
(Weight %)
DMA
(Weight %)
2, 4 Pentanedione
(Weight %)
CHP
(Weight %)
Gel Time*
(Minutes)
60/16 0.2 0.2 0 1.5 34 60/16 0.2 0.1 0 2 39 60/16 0.2 0.1 0 1.5 48 77/25 0.2 0.2 0 1.5 22 77/25 0.3 0.1 0 1.5 24 77/25 0.2 0.1 0 1.5 29 77/25 0.2 0.1 0 2 30 77/25 0.2 0.1 0.05 1.5 43 77/25 0.3 0.1 0.1 1.5 48 77/25 0.2 0.1 0.1 2 55 77/25 0.2 0.2 0.1 1.5 51 77/25 0.2 0.1 0.1 1.5 63 77/25 0.2 0.1 0.15 1.5 85 90/32 0.2 0.1 0 1.5 15 90/32 0.2 0.1 0.05 1.5 26 90/32 0.2 0.1 0.1 1.5 30
**Gel time is run in a 100-gram mass at the specified temperature.
34
cc/gal
cc/lb
oz/gal2 oz/lb2
1.4 0.155 1.7 0.195 2.0 0.23 2.4 0.28 2.7 0.31
40 4.5 50 5.6 60 6.8 70 8.0 80 9.2
cc/gal
cc/lb
oz/gal2
oz/lb2
40 4.5 1.4 0.155 50 5.6 1.7 0.195 60 6.8 2.0 0.23 70 8.0 2.4 0.28
Catalyst-Promoter Measurements for CoREZYN® Vinyl Ester Resins
12% Cobalt percent
cc/gal
cc/drum1
cc/lb
oz/gal
2
oz/drum1,2
oz/lb2
0.05 2 100 0.22 0.07 3.6 0.008 0.10 4 200 0.44 0.14 7.2 0.016 0.15 6 300 0.66 0.21 10.8 0.024 0.20 8 400 0.88 0.28 14.4 0.032 0.25 10 500 1.10 0.35 18.0 0.040
DMA3 and
2,4 Pentanedione4
cc/gal
cc/drum1
cc/lb
oz/gal2
oz/drum1,2
oz/lb2
percent 0.05 2 100 0.22 0.07 3.6 0.008 0.10 4 200 0.44 0.14 7.2 0.016 0.15 6 300 0.66 0.21 10.8 0.024 0.20 8 400 0.88 0.28 14.4 0.032 0.25 10 500 1.10 0.35 18.0 0.040
50% MEKP5
percent
1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75 2.00
80% CHP percent
1.00 1.25 1.50 1.75
1. 450 pound drum 2. oz is fluid ounces 3. N, N-Dimethylaniline 4. Also known as Acetyl Acetone 5. • L-50a (Akzo Nobel®)
• DHD-9 (Arkema Inc.) • Hi-Point 90 (Pergan Marshall LLC) • MEKP-925 (Syrgis® Company)
The densities of MEKP and CHP can vary. The amount of MEKP and CHP used may need to be altered. Consult your peroxide supplier for their most current information.
35
Typical NBS 15-69 Construction Liner: 110 to 120 mils
(A) — 10 to 20 mils 90% Resin 10% Veil Material: C-Glass, Polyester, Mod Acrylic, or Others
(B) — 100 mils 72% Resin 28% Chopped Glass or Glass Mat (2 layers of 1-1/2 oz Mat)
Structural: (C) — Thickness as Required for Service
(1) Filament Wound: 30% Resin 70% Continuous Strand Glass
(2) Hand Lay-up: 50 to 70% Resin Glass Mat, Woven Roving, or Combinations
(3) Combination of Filament Wound and Chopped Glass
36
ASTM Reinforced Plastic Related Standards
ASTM C 581 Chemical Resistance of Thermosetting Resins Used in Glass Fiber-Reinforced Structures
ASTM D 229 Testing Rigid Sheet and Plate Materials used in Electrical Insulation
ASTM D 256 Impact Resistance of Plastic and Electrical Insulating Materials
ANSI/ASTM D 445 Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids
ASTM D 543 Resistance of Plastics to Chemical Reagents
ANSI/ASTM D 570 Water Absorption of Plastics
ASTM D 579 Woven Glass Fabrics
ASTM D 618 Conditioning Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials for Testing
ASTM D 621 Deformation of Plastics Under Load
ANSI/ASTM D 635 Rate of Burning and/or Extent and Time of Burning of Self-Supporting Plastics in a Horizontal Position
ANSI/ASTM D 638 Tensile Properties of Plastics
ASTM D 648 Deflection Temperature of Plastics Under Flexural Load
ASTM D 671 Flexural Fatigue of Plastics by Constant-Amplitude-of-Force
ASTM D 674 Long-Time Creep or Stress-Relation Test of Plastics Under Tension or Compression Loads at Different Temperatures
ANSI/ASTM D 695 Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics
ASTM D 696 Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion of Plastic
ASTM D 747 Stiffness of Plastics by Means of Cantilever Beam
ASTM D 759 Determining the Physical Properties of Plastics at Subnormal and Supernormal Temperatures
ASTM D 785 Rockwell Hardness of Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
ASTM D 790 Flexural Properties of Plastics
ASTM D 792 Specific Gravity and Density of Plastics by Displacement
ASTM D 883 Definition of Terms Relating to Plastics
ASTM D 1045 Sampling and Testing Plasticizers Used in Plastics
ASTM D 1180 Bursting Strength of Round Rigid Plastic Tubing
ANSI/ASTM D 1200 Viscosity of Paints, Varnishes, and Lacquers by the Ford Viscosity Cup
ANSI/ASTM D 1598 Time-To-Failure of Plastic Pipe Under Constant Internal Pressure
ASTM D 1599 Short-Time Rupture Strength of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings
ASTM D 1600 Abbreviation of Terms Related to Plastics
ASTM D 1694 Threads of Reinforced Thermoset Resin Pipe
37
ASTM D 2105 Longitudinal Tensile Properties of Reinforced Thermosetting Plastic Pipe and Tube
ANSI/ASTM D 2122 Determining Dimensions of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings
ASTM D 2143 Cyclic Pressure Strength of Reinforced Thermosetting Plastic Pipe
ASTM D 2150 Specification for Woven Roving Glass Fiber for Polyester Glass Laminates
ASTM D 2153 Calculating Stress in Plastic Pipe Under Internal Pressure
ASTM D 2290 Apparent Tensile Strength of Ring or Tubular Plastics by Split Disk Method
ASTM D 2310 Classification for Machine-Made Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Pipe Standard
ANSI/ASTM D 2321 Underground Installation of Flexible Thermoplastic Sewer Pipe
ASTM D 2343 Tensile Properties of Glass Fiber Strands, Yarns, and Roving Used in Reinforced Plastics
ASTM D 2344 Apparent Horizontal Shear Strength of Reinforced Plastics by Short Beam Method
ASTM D 2412 External Loading Properties of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate Loading
ANSI/ASTM D 2487 Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes
ASTM D 2517 Reinforced Thermosetting Plastic Gas Pressure Pipe and Fittings
ANSI/ASTM D 2563 Classifying Visual Defects in Glass-Reinforced Plastic Laminate Parts
ASTM D 2583 Indentation Hardness of Plastics by Means of a Barcol Impressor
ASTM D 2584 Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced Resins
ASTM D 2585 Preparation and Tension Testing of Filament-Wound Pressure Vessels
ASTM D 2586 Hydrostatic Compressive Strength of Glass Reinforced Plastics Cylinders
ASTM D 2733 Interlaminar Shear Strength of Structural Reinforced Plastics at Elevated Temperatures
ASTM D 2774 Underground Installation of Thermoplastic Pressure Piping
ASTM D 2924 Test for External Pressure Resistance of Plastic Pipe
ASTM D 2925 Beam Deflection of Reinforced Thermoset Plastic Pipe Under Full Bore Flow
ASTM D 2990 Tensile and Compressive Creep-Rupture of Plastics
ASTM D 2991 Stress Relaxation of Plastics
ASTM D 2992 Obtaining Hydrostatic Design Basis for Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Pipe
ASTM D 2996 Specification for Filament-Wound Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Pipe
ASTM D 2997 Specification for Centrifugally Cast Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Pipe
ANSI/ASTM D 3262 Reinforced Plastic Mortar Sewer Pipe
ASTM D 3282 Classification of Soils and Soil-Aggregate Mixtures for Highway Construction Purposes
ASTM D 3299 Filament-Wound Glass Fiber- Reinforced Polyester Chemical-Resistant Tanks
ASTM D 3517 Specification for Reinforced Plastic Mortar Pressure Pipe
ASTM D 3567 Determining Dimensions of Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Pipe and Fittings
38
ASTM D 3615 Test for Chemical Resistance of Thermoset Molded Compounds Used in Manufacture
ASTM D 3681 Chemical Resistance of Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Pipe in the Deflected Condition
ASTM D 3753 Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polyester Manholes
ASTM D 3754 Specification for Reinforced Plastic Mortar Sewer and Industrial Pressure Pipe
ASTM D 3839 Recommended Practice for Underground Installation of Flexible RTRP and RPMP
ASTM D 3840 Specification for RP Mortar Pipe Fittings for Nonpressure Applications
ASTM D 4097 Specification for Contact Molded Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermoset Resin Chemical-Resistant Tanks
ANSI/ASTM E 84 Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
ASTM F 412 Standard Definition of Terms Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
ASTM = The American Society for Testing and Materials
ANSI = The American National Standards Institute
39
Celsius Fahrenheit
1.7 35 2.2 36 2.8 37 3.3 38 3.9 39 4.4 40 5.0 41 5.6 42 6.1 43 6.7 44 7.2 45 7.8 46 8.3 47 8.9 48 9.4 49 10.0 50 10.6 51 11.1 52 11.7 53 12.2 54 12.8 55 13.3 56 13.9 57 14.4 58 15.0 59 15.6 60 16.1 61 16.7 62 17.2 63 17.8 64 18.3 65 18.9 66 19.4 67 20.0 68 20.6 69 21.1 70 21.7 71 22.2 72 22.8 73 23.3 74 23.9 75 24.4 76 25.0 77 25.6 78 26.1 79 26.7 80
Celsius Fahrenheit
27.2 81 27.8 82 28.3 83 28.9 84 29.4 85 30.0 86 30.6 87 31.1 88 31.7 89 32.2 90 32.8 91 33.3 92 33.9 93 34.4 94 35.0 95 35.6 96 36.1 97 36.7 98 37.2 99 37.8 100 43 110 49 120 54 130 60 140 66 150 71 160 77 170 82 180 88 190 93 200 99 210 100 212 104 220 110 230 116 240 121 250 127 260 132 270 138 280 143 290 149 300 154 310 160 320 166 330 171 340 177 350
Temperature Equivalents – Celsius/Fahrenheit
Celsius Fahrenheit
-128.9 -200 -73.3 -100 -67.8 -90 -62.2 -80 -56.7 -70 -51.1 -60 -45.6 -50 -40.0 -40 -34.4 -30 -28.9 -20 -23.3 -10 -17.8 0 -17.2 1 -16.7 2 -16.1 3 -15.6 4 -15.0 5 -14.4 6 -13.9 7 -13.3 8 -12.8 9 -12.2 10 -11.7 11 -11.1 12 -10.6 13 -10.0 14 -9.4 15 -8.9 16 -8.3 17 -7.8 18 -7.2 19 -6.7 20 -6.1 21 -5.6 22 -5.0 23 -4.4 24 -3.9 25 -3.3 26 -2.8 27 -2.2 28 -1.7 29 -1.1 30 -0.6 31 0.0 32 0.6 33 1.1 34
°C = °F - 32
1.818
°F = [°C x 1.818] + 32 40
Metric/U.S. Conversion Equivalents
Metric Units U.S. Equivalents U.S. System Units Metric Equivalents
Lengths
1 millimeter
0.03937 inches
1 inch 25.4 millimeters or 2.54 centimeters
1 centimeter
0.3937 inches
1 foot
0.3048 meters
1 meter 39.37 inches or 1.0936 yards
1 yard
0.9144 meters
1 kilometer 1093.61 yards or 0.06214 miles
1 mile
1.6093 kilometers
Areas
1 square millimeter
0.00155 square inches
1 square inch
645.16 square millimeters or 6.452 square centimeters
1 square centimeter
0.155 square inches
1 square foot
0.0929 square meters
1 square meter
0.00155 square inches
1 square yard
0.8361 square meters
1 square kilometer
0.3861 square miles
1 square mile
2.56 square kilometers
Volumes
1 cubic millimeter
0.000061 cubic inches
1 cubic inch
16,387.2 cubic millimeters or 16.3872 cubic centimeters
1 cubic centimeter
0.061 cubic inches
1 cubic foot
0.02832 cubic meters
1 cubic liter
61.025 cubic inches
1 cubic yard
0.7646 cubic meters
1 cubic meter 35.314 cubic feet or 1.3079 cubic yards
Capacities
1 milliliter (0.001 liter)
0.0338 U.S. fluid ounces
1 U.S. fluid ounce
29.573 milliliters
1 liter
2.1134 U.S. liquid pints
1 U.S. liquid pint
0.47317 liters
1 liter
1.0567 U.S. liquid quarts
1 U.S. liquid quart
0.94633 liters
1 liter
0.2642 U.S. gallon
1 U.S. gallon
3.78533 liters
Weights
1 gram 0.03527 avoir. Ounces or 15.4324 grains
1 grain
0.0648 grams
1 kilogram (1,000 grams)
2.2046 avoir. Pounds
1 avoir.ounce 1 avoir. pound 1 Troy ounce
28.35 grams 0.4536 kilograms 31.1035 grams
41
Suggested Guidelines for Specifying FRP (Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic) Aboveground Storage Tanks.
Applicable Standards
American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME): ASME/RTP-1 Reinforced Thermoset Plastic Corrosion Resistant Equipment.
American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM): ASTM D 4097 - Specification for Contact-Molded Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermoset Resin Chemical-Resistant Tanks, and ASTM D 3299 for filament wound vessels.
Design Parameters
Design tanks in accordance with ASTM D 3299, and follow the procedures and methods, and utilize the equations and formulas, and incorporate safety factors and allowable design stresses and strains set forth in ASME RTP-1.
Materials
Resins
For non-fire retardant applications: Interplastic premium grade vinyl ester resin as recommended by the resin manufacturer for the specific operating environment and as indicated on the tank data sheet and drawings: Interplastic CORVE8300 or CORVE8730, CORVE8360, CORVE8710, CORVE8740, or CORVE8770.
For fire retardant applications: Interplastic premium grade vinyl ester resin as recommended by the resin manufacturer for the specific operating environment, and as indicated on the tank data sheet and drawings. The following resins achieve a flame spread index in the range of 75 or less to greater than 25, per ASTM E84: Interplastic CORVE8440, and CORVE8480N. CORVE8400 achieves a flame spread index of 25 or less per ASTM E84 without any additives. CORVE8440 and CORVE8480N can achieve a flame spread index of 25 or less per ASTM E84 when used with antimony trioxide or pentoxide. Antimony oxides should not be used in the corrosion barrier of the composite.
100 mils minimum corrosion barrier: As recommended by Interplastic for the specific operating environment, and as indicated on the tank data sheet and drawings, with one C-veil or synthetic polyester or ECTFE veils, and two chopped strand mats.1.5 oz/ft2.
Glass: For veil, mat, woven roving and rovings for filament winding could be E or EC-R boron free glass, depending on the environment.
Ultra violet protection: Add to the resin used in the wax coat for exterior surfaces in the type and amount recommended by the
42
resin manufacturer. Use an outside synthetic veil and a pigment for additional protection.
43
Curing and post curing: Will be per Interplastic’s recommendations for the resin to be used. No thixotropic agent is to be used.
Fabrication
Fabrication methods: Hand lay-up or filament wound or ortho winding with integral molded bottom knuckle and FRP tie down holding, FRP lifting lugs, and FRP legs or FRP skirt. Spray up is not to be used in the fabrication.
Anchor bolts: Type 316 stainless steel, of size and length recommended by tank manufacturer.
Flanges: All flange dimensions, except thickness, and bolting shall conform to the following standards: 2 inch through 24 inch: ANSI B16.5 Class 150. 30 inches through 42 inches: ANSI B16.1 Class 125.
Flange faces shall be perpendicular to the centerline of the nozzle centerline within one degree and shall be flat to plus or minus 1/32 inch up to and including 18 inch equivalent diameter and plus or minus 1/16 inch for equivalent diameters greater than 18 inches. The minimum flange shear thickness shall be four times the flange thickness. The flange thickness shall be for 25 lbs/in2 pressure rated flanges.
Flanges shall be made by hand lay-up construction with nozzle neck and flange made integral with the tank. Press molded or filament wound flanges not allowed.
Gaskets: Use 1/8-inch thick full-faced elastomeric gaskets having a Shore A Durometer hardness of 60, within plus or minus 5, as determined by ASTM D 2240 for flanged joints. Elastomer specified by fabricator to be resistant to chemical environment.
Gussets: They reinforce nozzles, except manways, with plate or conical gussets to match piping.
Reinforcement of nozzle and manhole openings in vessel walls: In accordance with ASTM D 3299 for filament wound vessels or ASTM D 4097 for contact-molded, hand lay-up, vessels. When reinforcing materials are cut to facilitate placement around an installed nozzle or opening, stagger joints in successive reinforcing layers to avoid overlapping and do not place so the joints are parallel to the axis of the tank. The principle fiber direction of the woven roving reinforcement (0 degree/90 degrees) shall be parallel to the tank axis.
Cover: Domed top with bolted manway and nozzles as indicated on the drawings.
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Tank Insulation and Heating
Where specified, provide insulation a 2-inch thick, 2-pound density polyurethane foam board to tank structural laminate before the laminate has a chance to harden, so that the insulation bonds to the tank wall.
Provide exterior fiberglass protective laminate over the polyurethane foam board to a thickness of 1.145 inch. Provide expansion joints as needed on straight shell exterior fiberglass protective laminate. Provide a lip at expansion joints to keep moisture out of the joints. Minimum overlap shall be one inch.
At fittings, remove insulation and reinforce connection with fiberglass laminate to the outer side of the structural wall laminate. Replace insulation, cover with fiberglass laminate, and caulk interface around fitting. If heating is required, shop installed heat tracing or heat panels should be provided.
Vessel Assembly
All cutouts from the equipment shall be marked, indicating their original location, and retained. Do not remove centerlines marked on the equipment for use in assembly until after inspection.
Install flanged nozzles with bolt holes straddling principle centerlines of the vessel. For tank tops, nozzle bolt holes straddle radial centerlines. Where specified, a non-skid surface shall be provided on the exterior surface of the domed cover. Silica grit may be applied in conjunction with the final resin coat. Other methods may be submitted.
Furnish and overlay on the outside of the equipment a nameplate showing the following information:
• Name of manufacturer • Date of manufacture • Purchase order number • Equipment name/number • Resin number and manufacturer • Design pressure and temperature • Vessel diameter, height, and weight
Butt joints or shell joints shall be in the number and location(s) as indicated on the fabrication drawings. Additional joints are not allowed. Slip joints, "mod joints," or other methods not conforming to the fabrication drawings are not allowed. If joint locations are not indicated on the fabrication drawings, fabricator shall submit number and location. Allowable tolerances shall be as listed in ASTM D 3299 or ASTM D 4097, except as modified herein or on the fabricator drawings.
When joining components, gaps at mating edges shall be limited to 1/4-inch maximum, and misalignment of inside surfaces shall not exceed 1/3 inch of the lesser wall thickness. The outside surface of vessel flat bottoms after assembly shall be flat within plus or minus 1/2 inch. In addition, localized indentations or protrusions shall not exceed plus or minus 1/4 inch within two feet.
45
Tank Installation
For flat bottom vessels without legs, the foundation must provide full non-elastic support to the flat bottom, preferably through the use of grout, which will allow continuous support even though surfaces may not be flat. All anchor lugs or leg pads shall be set on a 1-inch thick layer of non-shrink grout. Do not use hard shim to fill void between the lugs and foundation.
Unless otherwise agreed, independently support all piping so as not to apply loads to the vessel nozzles. Isolate potential load due to thermal expansion of piping from the vessel. During installation, do not force piping into alignment, which can create excessive stresses in the tank. Do not mate raised face flanges or ring gaskets to full-faced fiberglass reinforced plastic nozzles.
Vertically support ladders at the tank foundation or platform. Ladder lugs attached to the vessels shall provide lateral support only. Where tank foundations are cut out to accommodate full bottom drains, fill the cutout area after tank installation with grout or other material that will provide localized support.
46
Suggested Guidelines for Specifying FRP (Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic) Piping Applicable Standards.
Applicable Standards
ASTM D 2996: Specification for Filament Wound Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Pipe.
ASTM D 2310 – 06: Standard Classification for Machine-Made Fiberglass Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Pipe.
ASME B31.3 - Chapter VII: Nonmetallic Piping and Piping Lined With Nonmetals.
Materials
Resins For non-fire retardant applications: Interplastic premium grade vinyl ester resin as recommended by the resin manufacturer for the specific operating environment and as indicated on the pipe data sheet and drawings: Interplastic CORVE8300 or CORVE8730, CORVE8360, CORVE8710, CORVE8740, or CORVE8770.
For fire retardant applications: Interplastic premium grade vinyl ester resin as recommended by the resin manufacturer for the specific operating environment, and as indicated on the pipe data sheet and drawings. The resin should achieve in the corrosion barrier a flame spread index of 25 or less per ASTM E-84, without antimony trioxide or pentoxide. Antimony trioxide or pentoxide can be added to the structural laminate to achieve a flame spread index of 25 or less per ASTM E-84: Interplastic: CORVE8400, CORVE8440 or CORVE8480N.
100 mils minimum corrosion barrier: As recommended by Interplastic for the specific operating environment, and as indicated on the tank data sheet and drawings, with one C-veil or synthetic polyester veil or ECTFE veil, and two chopped strand mats 1.5 oz/ft2.
Glass
Veil, mat, woven roving and rovings for filament winding could be E or EC-R boron free glass, depending on the environment.
Ultra violet protection: Add to the resin used in the wax coat for exterior surfaces in the type and amount recommended by the resin manufacturer. Use an outside synthetic veil and a pigment for additional protection.
47
Curing and post curing: Will be per Interplastic’s recommendations for the resin to be used. The minimum Barcol hardness shall be at least 90% of the resin casting as stated in the resin manufacturer's literature. The resin on the outside of the pipe shall not be acetone sensitive. This applies also to shop and field joints. No thixotropic agent is to be used.
Fabrication
Fabrication methods: Hand lay-up or filament wound or ortho winding. Spray up is not to be used in the fabrication.
Flanges: All flange dimensions, except thickness, and bolting shall conform to the following standards: 2 inches through 24 inches - ANSI B16.5 Class 150 and 30 inches through 42 inches - ANSI B16.1 Class 125. Flange faces shall be perpendicular to the centerline of the nozzle centerline within one degree and shall be flat to plus or minus 1/32 inch up to and including 18 inch equivalent diameter and plus or minus 1/16 inch for equivalent diameters greater than 18 inches. The minimum flange shear thickness shall be four times the flange thickness. The flange thickness shall be for 25 lbs/in2 pressure rated flanges. Flanges shall be made by hand lay-up construction with nozzle neck and flange made integrally in one piece. Press molded or filament wound flanges are not allowed.
Gaskets: Use 1/8-inch thick full-faced elastomeric gaskets having a Shore A Durometer hardness of 60, within plus or minus 5, as determined by ASTM D 2240 for flanged joints. Elastomer specified by fabricator to be resistant to chemical environment.
Gussets: Reinforce nozzles, with plate or conical gussets to match piping.
Mechanical Properties
Filament wound pipe: The laminate axial tensile strength shall be 9,000-psi minimum as determined by ASTM D 2105 at 73°F.
The axial tensile modulus shall be 1,000,000-psi minimum as determined by ASTM D 2105 at 73°F.
The flexural or beam bending modulus shall be equal to or greater than the axial tensile modulus and shall be determined in accordance with ASTM D 2925.
The hoop burst strength shall be 35,000 psi, or greater, as determined by ASTM D 1599 at 73°F.
48
Hand lay-up pipe and fittings:
Mechanical Properties Requirements at 73°F Thickness
(inches) Ultimate tensile
strength, minimum (psi)
Ultimate flexural strength, minimum
(psi)
Flexural modulus of elasticity (tangent),
minimum (psi)
1/8-3/16
9,000
16,000
700,000
1/4 12,000 19,000 800,000 5/16 13,500 20,000 900,000
3/8 and up 15,000 22,000 1,000,000 ASTM test D638 D790 D790
Contact Us
If you have a question or need a corrosion recommendation contact us at [email protected]
See Interplastic’s Resin Wizard™ for general recommendations for CoREZYN® brand vinyl ester, modified vinyl ester and isophthalic corrosion resistant resins based on specific inputs from you. www.interplastic.com/resinwizard_TR.asp
Approvals and Certifications
Factory Mutual (FM) Case Histories
AngloGold Ashanti
Chautaugua Fiberglass
Edwards Fiberglass
Insade
Lametti & Sons
Lanzo Lining
Masterliner
Sawyer Plastics
49
Technical Research Papers
Evaluation of Thixotropic Vinyl Ester Resins According to ASTM C- 581 for use in Corrosive Environments.
The Effects of Surface Modified Alumina Trihydrate on a Vinyl Ester Resin.
The Effects of Inert Mineral Fillers on the Corrosion Resistance of Unsaturated Polyester Resins.
Optimizing Initiator Systems for Cured-in-Place Pipe Infrastructure Repair.
Cycle Test Evaluation of Polyester Resins and a Mathematical Model for Projecting Flexural Fatigue Endurance.
Non-Foaming Room Temperature Catalyst System for Vinyl Ester Resins.
Low Surface Characteristic Polyester Achieved in Ambient Cure Condition
Solvent Resistant of Selected Polyesters and Vinyl Esters.
Proper Cure of Vinyl Ester Resins.
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Open Molding Thixotropic, Modified, Closed Molding, and Infusion Vinyl Ester Resins Open Molding Thixotropic
CORVE8110 Series – High Performance This extremely tough thixotropic line of vinyl esters is specially formulated for spray-up and hand lay-up requirements.
CORVE8110 This is our standard, high performance vinyl ester in this line. It is easily worked and will minimize drain-off, making it ideal for large vertical applications like boat hulls, windmill blades and swimming pool walls. A non-promoted resin with 625 cps viscosity.
CORVE8115 Promoted version of CORVE8110, with 475 cps viscosity and a gel time of 12 - 15 minutes.
CORVE 8116 Used in windmill blade manufacture.
CORVE8117 Similar properties and viscosity to CORVE8115, with a 15 - 20 minute gel time.
CORVE8119 Similar properties and viscosity to CORVE8115, with a 20 - 25 minute gel time.
CORVE8121 Similar to CORVE8115, with 600 cps viscosity and a gel time of 25 - 30 minutes.
CORVE8123 Similar to CORVE8115, with 600 cps viscosity and a gel time of 32 - 37 minutes.
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Open Molding Thixotropic CORVE8121 LH Series – Low HAP, MACT Compliant A line of promoted, thixotropic vinyl ester resins with excellent physical properties, along with fast hardness development for spray-up and hand lay-up applications for the boat and pool manufacturing industries.
The series contains a maximum of 35% styrene (HAP) by weight, which meets the EPA 40 CFR Part 63 requirements of the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAP) for boat manufacturing. These products also meet the current VOC requirements of California SCAQMD Rule 1162 for “High Strength Resin”.
CORVE8121 LH-10 Viscosity of 475 - 675 cps, with a gel time of 10 - 15 minutes.
CORVE8121 LH-15 Similar properties to CORVE8121 LH-10, with a gel time of 15 - 20 minutes.
CORVE8121 LH-20 Similar properties to CORVE8121 LH-15, with a gel time of 20-30 minutes.
CORVE8121 LH-30 Similar properties to CORVE8121 LH-15, with a gel time of 30-40 minutes.
CORVE8121 LH-40 Similar properties to CORVE8121 LH-15, with a gel time of 40-50 minutes.
Open Molding Thixotropic
CORVE8150 Series – High Heat Distortion The thixotropic CORVE8150 laminating series is intended for mold and tool making applications, as well as for composites where a higher heat distortion point (270⁰F/132⁰C) and high modulus are required.
CORVE8150 Excellent physical properties for mold and tool making applications. A non-promoted resin with a viscosity of 650 cps.
CORVE8151 The promoted version of CORVE8150. Similar physical properties, with a viscosity of 650 cps and a gel time of 15 - 20 minutes.
CORVE8153 Similar to CORVE8151, with a gel time of 20 - 25 minutes.
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CORVE8155 Similar to CORVE8151, with a gel time of 27 - 32 minutes.
CORVE8151 LH Low HAP versions of this series are also available.
Open Molding Thixotropic, Modified, Closed Molding, and Infusion Vinyl Ester Resins MVR Series – Modified Vinyl Esters
Interplastic Corporation manufactures a series of CoREZYN® modified vinyl esters. These products exhibit many of the same characteristics as their vinyl ester counterparts – they are tough, versatile, moderate corrosion resistance, and easy to work with. They do not offer the performance extremes of the 100% vinyl esters, but where maximum performance is not required, the MVR products offer an excellent cost saving alternative.
MVR8000 This resin is a modified counterpart of CORVE8300, a standard Bisphenol-A Epichlorohydrin vinyl ester resin. It has good physical properties, with all the functional versatility of the vinyl ester product. It is an economical choice where optimum vinyl ester corrosion resistance is not required.
MVR8001 Promoted version of MVR 8000.
MVR8013S This resin is designed for marine and structural applications, utilizing an infusion fabrication process. It exhibits excellent physical properties, water resistance and cosmetics.
MVR8031 These promoted, thixotropic, modified vinyl esters are designed specifically for marine laminate construction.
Low HAP
MVR8031 LH These promoted, thixotropic, modified vinyl esters are also designed specifically for marine laminate construction, but contain a maximum of 35% styrene (HAP) by weight, meeting the EPA requirements for the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air pollutants for Boat Manufacturing, as well as the high strength requirements in the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Reinforced Plastic Composites Production. They also have good exotherms for good cosmetic surface and minimal glass print in thin layers. They also have fast Barcol hardness development.
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MVR8031 LH-15 A version of the MVR8031 LH with a gel time of 14 - 20 minutes. Other gel time versions are available.
Open Molding Thixotropic, Modified, Closed Molding, and Infusion Vinyl Ester Resins Closed Molding Resins
CORVE8900 Series – Closed Molding Resins High Tg resins, used where outstanding retention of properties at elevated temperatures is required. Chemically thickenable so they can be formulated into SMC and BMC resins with conventional thickeners.
CORVE 8920 A vinyl ester that can be formulated for BMC and SMC applications where heat resistance, resistance to hot oil and dimensional stability are needed. Thickenable with conventional thickening agents.
CORVE 8932 A high strength, high heat-resistant vinyl ester with physical properties useful for structural applications. It has excellent retention of properties after heat aging.
Open Molding Thixotropic, Modified, Closed Molding, and Infusion Vinyl Ester Resins Infusion Resins
Infusion has become a very popular fabrication process in composites manufacturing. The process offers many advantages and benefits when compared to open mold fabrication, such as greater process speed, reduced VOCs, enhanced quality control and others.
Interplastic offers vinyl ester resins for a variety of applications, from traditional marine and boat fabrication to bridge decks to newer processes for bus & train car bodies. Resins come in both fire retardant and non-fire retardant versions.
Intermarine used the Vacuum Infusion Process to manufacture their 123‐foot hull.
53
Applications
Marine/boats Pools & spas Tooling General structure
Manufacturing Processes
Hand spray-up Hand lay-up Vacuum bagging Infusion
Technical Data and Additional Information
FATIGUE
Laminate Cycle Testing for Comparison by ASTM D 671
54
Moisture Absorption Over Time
55
Hydrolytic Stability Over Time
Typical Clear Casting Properties
Property
MVR8011
MVR8013
MVR8015
MVR8031
MVR8031LH-15
Flexural Strength, psi/MPa
16,200/112
20,600/142
21,000/145
18,000/124
18,500/128
Flexural Modulus, ksi/GPa
560/3.86
484/3.34
510/3.42
490/3.34
500/3.45
Tensile Strength, psi/MPa
8,500/59.0
11,600/53.0
12,900/88.0
11,400/79.0
10,900/75.0
Tensile Modulus, ksi/GPa
520/3.59
498/3.44
490/3.38
500/3.45
500/3.45
Tensile Elongation, %
1.7
1.7
4.9
3.5
2.7
Heat Distortion, °F/°C
215/102
212/100
208/97
250/121
228/108
Barcol Hardness, 934-1
38-44
32-38
32-38
32-38
32-38
Specific Gravity
1.10
1.11
1.15
1.13
1.13
56
Typical Laminate Properties
Property
MVR8011
MVR8013
MVR8015
MVR8031
MVR8031LH-15
Flexural Strength, psi/MPa
33,200/229
35,300/243
35,500/245
35,000/241
34,500/238
Flexural Modulus, ksi/GPa
1,280/8.83
1,260/8.66
1,990/13.7
1,450/10.0
1,310/9.03
Tensile Strength, psi/MPa
15,500/107
17,800/123
20,400/141
18,000/124
17,000/117
Tensile Modulus, ksi/GPa
1,300/8.97
1,250/8.65
1,400/9.66
1,330/9.17
1,340/9.24
Tensile Elongation, %
1.8
1.9
1.6
1.7
1.8
Barcol Hardness, 934-1
42-48
38-44
54-60
40-48
40-48
Appendix
Promoters and Inhibitors Used for Gel Time Adjustments
Chemical
Typical Levels Weight Percent
Effects
Problems
12% Cobalt1,2
(12% Co)
0.025–0.25
Shortens gel time.
Resin can gel but not cure properly if too much is added.
N, N-Dimethylaniline1
(DMA)
0.01–0.25 Shortens gel time, improves cure development.
Increases exotherm and decreases shelf life.
N, N-Diethylaniline1
(DEA)
0.01–0.25 Shortens gel time, improves cure development.
Increases exotherm and decreases shelf life.
2, 4 - Pentanedione1
2, 4 - PD)
0.01–0.25
Lengthens gel time without increasing the gel-to-cure interval.
Increases exotherm and decreases shelf life.
10% Solution of T-Butyl Catechol1
0.01–0.30
Lengthens gel time. Gel time may lengthen over time.
1. Resins may already have these present, so care must be taken not to exceed the maximum in the resin. 2. N, N-DMA is preferred to shorten the gel time.
57
50% MEKP4
percent
cc/g
1.00 40 1.25 50 1.50 60 1.75 70 2.00 80
cc/gal
cc/drum1
cc/lb
oz/gal2
oz/drum1,2
oz/lb2
2 100 0.22 0.07 3.6 0.008 4 200 0.44 0.14 7.2 0.016 6 300 0.66 0.21 10.8 0.024 8 400 0.88 0.28 14.4 0.032
10 500 1.10 0.35 18.0 0.040
c/lb oz/gal2 oz/lb2
4.5 1.4 0.155 5.6 1.7 0.195 6.8 2.0 0.23 8.0 2.4 0.28 9.2 2.7 0.31
/drum1
cc/lb
100 0.22 200 0.44 300 0.66 400 0.88 500 1.10
Catalyst-Promoter Measurements for CoREZYN® Vinyl Ester Resins
12% Cobalt
percent
0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25
DMA3
percent cc/gal cc
oz/gal2
oz/drum1,2
oz/lb2
0.05 2 0.10 4 0.15 6 0.20 8 0.25 10
0.07 3.6 0.008 0.14 7.2 0.016 0.21 10.8 0.024 0.28 14.4 0.032 0.35 18.0 0.040
al c
1. 450 pound drum 2. oz is fluid ounces 3. N, N-Dimethylaniline 4. • L-50a (Akzo Nobel®)
• DHD-9 (Arkema) • Hi-Point 90 (Chemtura Corporation) • MEKP-925 (Norac® Company)
The densities of MEKP can vary. The amount of MEKP used may need to be altered. Consult your peroxide supplier for their most current information.
58
ASTM Reinforced Plastic Related Standards
ASTM C 581 Chemical Resistance of Thermosetting Resins Used in Glass Fiber-Reinforced Structures
ASTM D 229 Testing Rigid Sheet and Plate Materials used in Electrical Insulation
ASTM D 256 Impact Resistance of Plastic and Electrical Insulating Materials
ANSI/ASTM D 445 Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids
ASTM D 543 Resistance of Plastics to Chemical Reagents
ANSI/ASTM D 570 Water Absorption of Plastics
ASTM D 579 Woven Glass Fabrics
ASTM D 618 Conditioning Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials for Testing
ASTM D 621 Deformation of Plastics Under Load
ANSI/ASTM D 635 Rate of Burning and/or Extent and Time of Burning of Self-Supporting Plastics in a Horizontal Position
ANSI/ASTM D 638 Tensile Properties of Plastics
ASTM D 648 Deflection Temperature of Plastics Under Flexural Load
ASTM D 671 Flexural Fatigue of Plastics by Constant-Amplitude-of-Force
ASTM D 674 Long-Time Creep or Stress-Relation Test of Plastics Under Tension or Compression Loads at Different Temperatures
ANSI/ASTM D 695 Compressive Properties of Rigid Plastics
ASTM D 696 Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion of Plastic
ASTM D 747 Stiffness of Plastics by Means of Cantilever Beam
ASTM D 759 Determining the Physical Properties of Plastics at Subnormal and Supernormal Temperatures
ASTM D 785 Rockwell Hardness of Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
ASTM D 790 Flexural Properties of Plastics
ASTM D 792 Specific Gravity and Density of Plastics by Displacement
ASTM D 883 Definition of Terms Relating to Plastics
ASTM D 1045 Sampling and Testing Plasticizers Used in Plastics
ASTM D 1180 Bursting Strength of Round Rigid Plastic Tubing
ANSI/ASTM D 1200 Viscosity of Paints, Varnishes, and Lacquers by the Ford Viscosity Cup
ANSI/ASTM D 1598 Time-To-Failure of Plastic Pipe Under Constant Internal Pressure
59
ASTM D 1599 Short-Time Rupture Strength of Plastic Pipe, Tubing, and Fittings
ASTM D 1600 Abbreviation of Terms Related to Plastics
ASTM D 1694 Threads of Reinforced Thermoset Resin Pipe
ASTM D 2105 Longitudinal Tensile Properties of Reinforced Thermosetting Plastic Pipe and Tube
ANSI/ASTM D 2122 Determining Dimensions of Thermoplastic Pipe and Fittings
ASTM D 2143 Cyclic Pressure Strength of Reinforced Thermosetting Plastic Pipe
ASTM D 2150 Specification for Woven Roving Glass Fiber for Polyester Glass Laminates
ASTM D 2153 Calculating Stress in Plastic Pipe Under Internal Pressure
ASTM D 2290 Apparent Tensile Strength of Ring or Tubular Plastics by Split Disk Method
ASTM D 2310 Classification for Machine-Made Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Pipe Standard
ANSI/ASTM D 2321 Underground Installation of Flexible Thermoplastic Sewer Pipe
ASTM D 2343 Tensile Properties of Glass Fiber Strands, Yarns, and Roving Used in Reinforced Plastics
ASTM D 2344 Apparent Horizontal Shear Strength of Reinforced Plastics by Short Beam Method
ASTM D 2412 External Loading Properties of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-Plate Loading
ANSI/ASTM D 2487 Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes
ASTM D 2517 Reinforced Thermosetting Plastic Gas Pressure Pipe and Fittings
ANSI/ASTM D 2563 Classifying Visual Defects in Glass-Reinforced Plastic Laminate Parts
ASTM D 2583 Indentation Hardness of Plastics by Means of a Barcol Impressor
ASTM D 2584 Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced Resins
ASTM D 2585 Preparation and Tension Testing of Filament-Wound Pressure Vessels
ASTM D 2586 Hydrostatic Compressive Strength of Glass Reinforced Plastics Cylinders
ASTM D 2733 Interlaminar Shear Strength of Structural Reinforced Plastics at Elevated Temperatures
ASTM D 2774 Underground Installation of Thermoplastic Pressure Piping
ASTM D 2924 Test for External Pressure Resistance of Plastic Pipe
ASTM D 2925 Beam Deflection of Reinforced Thermoset Plastic Pipe Under Full Bore Flow
ASTM D 2990 Tensile and Compressive Creep-Rupture of Plastics
ASTM D 2991 Stress Relaxation of Plastics
ASTM D 2992 Obtaining Hydrostatic Design Basis for Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Pipe
ASTM D 2996 Specification for Filament-Wound Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Pipe
ASTM D 2997 Specification for Centrifugally Cast Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Pipe
60
ANSI/ASTM D 3262 Reinforced Plastic Mortar Sewer Pipe
ASTM D 3282 Classification of Soils and Soil-Aggregate Mixtures for Highway Construction Purposes
ASTM D 3299 Filament-Wound Glass Fiber- Reinforced Polyester Chemical-Resistant Tanks
ASTM D 3517 Specification for Reinforced Plastic Mortar Pressure Pipe
ASTM D 3567 Determining Dimensions of Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Pipe and Fittings
ASTM D 3615 Test for Chemical Resistance of Thermoset Molded Compounds Used in Manufacture
ASTM D 3681 Chemical Resistance of Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Pipe in the Deflected Condition
ASTM D 3753 Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Polyester Manholes
ASTM D 3754 Specification for Reinforced Plastic Mortar Sewer and Industrial Pressure Pipe
ASTM D 3839 Recommended Practice for Underground Installation of Flexible RTRP and RPMP
ASTM D 3840 Specification for RP Mortar Pipe Fittings for Non-pressure Applications
ASTM D 4097 Specification for Contact Molded Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermoset Resin Chemical-Resistant Tanks
ANSI/ASTM E 84 Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials
ASTM F 412 Standard Definition of Terms Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
ASTM = The American Society for Testing and Materials
ANSI = The American National Standards Institute
61
Metric/U.S. Conversion Equivalents
Metric Units U.S. Equivalents U.S. System Units Metric Equivalents
Lengths
1 millimeter
0.03937 inches
1 inch 25.4 millimeters or 2.54 centimeters
1 centimeter
0.3937 inches
1 foot
0.3048 meters
1 meter 39.37 inches or 1.0936 yards
1 yard
0.9144 meters
1 kilometer 1093.61 yards or 0.06214 miles
1 mile
1.6093 kilometers
Areas
1 square millimeter
0.00155 square inches
1 square inch
645.16 square millimeters or 6.452 square centimeters
1 square centimeter
0.155 square inches
1 square foot
0.0929 square meters
1 square meter
0.00155 square inches
1 square yard
0.8361 square meters
1 square kilometer
0.3861 square miles
1 square mile
2.56 square kilometers
Volumes
1 cubic millimeter
0.000061 cubic inches
1 cubic inch
16,387.2 cubic millimeters or 16.3872 cubic centimeters
1 cubic centimeter
0.061 cubic inches
1 cubic foot
0.02832 cubic meters
1 cubic liter
61.025 cubic inches
1 cubic yard
0.7646 cubic meters
1 cubic meter 35.314 cubic feet or 1.3079 cubic yards
Capacities
1 milliliter (0.001 liter)
0.0338 U.S. fluid ounces
1 U.S. fluid ounce
29.573 milliliters
1 liter
2.1134 U.S. liquid pints
1 U.S. liquid pint
0.47317 liters
1 liter
1.0567 U.S. liquid quarts
1 U.S. liquid quart
0.94633 liters
1 liter
0.2642 U.S. gallon
1 U.S. gallon
3.78533 liters
Weights
1 gram 0.03527 avoir. Ounces or 15.4324 grains
1 grain
0.0648 grams
1 kilogram (1,000 grams)
2.2046 avoir. Pounds
1 avoir.ounce 1 avoir. pound 1 Troy ounce
28.35 grams 0.4536 kilograms 31.1035 grams
62
Contact Us
If you have questions contact us at [email protected]
The Resin Navigator is your best source for marine information. Learn how vinyl ester resins and gel coats work and why some of the industry’s most successful manufacturers use them. www.resinnavigator.com
Approvals and Certifications
Marine MIL R 21607E Lloyd’s of London Det Norske Veritas (DNV) MIL R 24515 (FR VE Marine) Coast Guard
Case Histories
Advantage Boats American Whirlpool, Inc. Cigarette Racing Team Fountain Powerboats Intermarine Savannah Royal Fiberglass Pool Sleekcraft® and Magic® Powerboats We-no-nah Canoe’s
Technical Research Papers
Physical Properties Evaluation of FRP Composites After 15-Year Immersion in Water.
Modifying Fire Resistant Vinyl Ester Resins for Marine & Corrosion Applications.
A 15-Year Study of the Effective Use of Permeation Barriers in Marine Composites to Prevent Corrosion and Blistering.
Cycle Test Evaluation of Polyester Resins and a Mathematical Model for Projecting Flexural Fatigue Endurance.
63
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