How to make Cornell notesThe Cornell method of taking notes was developed by Dr. Walter Pauk of Cornell University. It is a widely used system for noting material from a lecture or reading, and for reviewing and retaining that material. Using the Cornell system can help organize your notes, actively involve you in the creation of knowledge, improve your study skills, and lead to academic success.

You can see a full explanation of how to take Cornell notes on WikiHow:

https://www.wikihow.com/Take-Cornell-Notes

You can also see how to do it on YouTube:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ErSjc1PEGKE

On the next page is a template for Cornell notes. After that are some subject examples.

Cornell Notes

Name Date:

Topic Subject

Main Ideas: Notes:

Summary:

Cornell Notes Subject Examples

From the Year 12 – 13 Progression Booklets

ART A Model of the Cornell Notes document Name J.Smith

Topic Picasso – Women Bathing

Date:1/5/19

Subject looking closely at Andrew Graham Dixons article 2004 about “Women bathing”, a painting By Pablo Picasso, and how he analyses the Artwork.

Main Ideas:

What inspired the artwork? Finding out more about the context in which this painting was made.

Why was it painted in this style?

Think about the putting the painting into the artist’s own historical context to understand why and how it has been constructed.

Cultural

Historical

Geographical

Political

Personal and descriptive information

Gossip/ Intrigue (keeps the reader interested)

Quotes/ facts help to know more.

Dixon gives the reader a range of information from different sources to explain how and why Picasso has created this artwork and why it looks the way it does.

Notes: Naïve – What does this mean and primitivism? Why does Dixon describe the figures in this way?

The work was described as a charming and childlike piece of work and Dixon describes the beach scene as a bit like a children’s Naïve illustration, or like the artwork Picasso himself collected by the artist Henri Le Douanier. I had not realized that Picasso admired this work and will need to find out more about this artist)

Historical – this was painted in 1918 just as WW1 concluded and Dixon suggested that the Theme was almost like a celebration of peace and returning to normal life. However, Dixon mentions a theatrical feel to the painting, which suggests other influences. ( keeps the reader engaged)

Historical/Social/Personal – Dixon comments on the fact that Picasso travelled to Rome and Florence, and that could also be a reason why he has been inspired to turn his attention back to the human figure and move away from the cubist/special exploration of mostly still life, which had been occupying him for some time. His first trip to Italy with his poet friend was significant in his change because he went to meet Ballet dancers and his future bride (whose elegant forms would have no doubt influenced him). Additionally, by travelling to Rome and Florence, he would have seen the great masterpieces of the renaissance period and some of the poses in the painting are similar to that you might see.

Cultural – the visit to Pompeii seems very important as it strikes an interest within Picasso and started to develop his interest in Mythology, which Dixon comments on later in the text. Dixon explains that the simplicity of the Roman Mural seems to influence the artwork and figures represented in the painting.

Intrigue – Dixon keeps the reader interested by sharing gossip and personal information gained about Picassos Honeymoon. He gives quotes and descriptive personal information about his relationship and living situation. He give clues as to what Picasso’s working environment was like and how he did not get on with his new wife, eventually living separately.

Social /Personal – Dixon explains how Picasso spent summers in the south of France. (Putting the work into the context of artists’ own experiences) Again, making links to Mythological themes and the Mediterranean atmosphere, where man can live in perfect harmony away from the complications of the civilized world. The painting does showcase this simple life and modernizes the woman as Dixon explains fully by suggesting that they look like Nymphs with eyes closed and posed carefully like Ballerinas, wearing stripy swimsuits, however.

Summary: Murals in Pompeii, mythology, ballet dancers and renaissance art seem to have been very influential on Picasso at this time. Additionally, the time of peace and his personal relationship and happy times spent in France.

BUSINESS STUDIESA Model of the Cornell Notes document

Name: Business Example

Topic: Globalisation is dead

Date: May 2019

Subject: Globalisation

Main Ideas

The death of globalisation is a current hot topic

Globalisation is increasing though? Contrasting view. Reference Pokemon and Nintendo models

Evidence of an emerging ‘new globalisation’ built around technology

Removal of ‘borders’ consider key terms such as automation/geo politics/ tariffs/ globalisation/ protectionism

Consider wider implications of organisational design/ management of people

The death of globalisation discussed at DAVOS, a significant rise in protectionist (anti trade measures) measures by countries 2010 – 2017, growth in nationalism. Slow down in global trade, is trade a GDP multiplier anymore?

However, companies are globalising faster than ever. So how does it marry up? Technology has assisted with globalisation and ease of entering markets. Technology enables firms to access customers simultaneously. A billion dollar business can be built in 7 months now (Pokemon designers!)

Netflix example, 190 countries/ 5 years of growth. Not a traditional global company. Digital tech and global data is a powerful force. Emergence of new model of globalisation: technology is driving this. Digital data straight to the consumer, not about ‘shipping’ any more. Focus is on individual customers and how the company can deliver this to you

Geographic and country boundaries are less likely to exist. Sneakers epitomise ‘old’ globalisation. Design manufacturing, shipping takes significant amount of time. Robots, 3D printing changing this, Adidas setup speed factory in Europe and US, fully automated, designed to produce for local customers. Design online and products 3D printed/delivered by drones: the ‘new’ globalisation. It is about local production, personalisation and speed.

New geo politics: economic competition between countries, maximise own benefits first. Global companies react to local country politics whilst also delivering to global consumers. Empowering local branches is ‘best way’. Capabilities/structures essential to manage rapidly changing policy changes In countries.

A new 21st century company is emerging, society becoming more nationalistic, individuals we are becoming more global. Contrasting narratives shaping globalisation for us. It is radically different.

Summary

Traditional globalisation is still in full force, despite evidence suggesting minimal growth in the measure, globalisation cannot be ignored. However, firms need to consider and react/strategically plan for the emergence of ‘new globalisation’ as evidenced by Nintendo/Netflix/Adidas. Can the two types of ‘globalisation’ live in harmony and do large multinationals have the organisational design and flexibility of workforce to respond to the changes in consumer demands?

COMPUTER SCIENCEA Model of the Cornell Notes document

Name A. Student.

Topic Augmented Reality and Surgery

Date 21/4/19

Subject Computer Science

Main Ideas

Connectivity

Huge numbers of people lack access to simple surgeries

Remote surgery

Augmented Reality Collaboration S/W

AR mimics collaboration in person

Benefits to patients

Remaining issues

Notes

From Nadine Hachach-Haram, TEDWomen 2017

https://www.ted.com/talks/nadine_hachach_haram_how_augmented_reality_could_change_the_future_of_surgery/

Tech breaks boundaries and connects people.

5bn people without access; In Sierra Leone 1:600,000 surgeon:people; In U.S. need +100,000 surgeons by 2030

Surgeon to robot via screen, from distance. But robots are $1m

Expert surgeon uses phone to interact with operation remotely, guiding local doctor

Show, illustrate, guide, demonstrate, gesture. Learning via direct experience

Reduces travel time and costs. Improves access. Dr in California supporting Dr in Lima. 30% more ops, fewer complications, eventually team performs ops independently. Use in hard to reach places, e.g. conflict zone.

Requires Internet.

Summary

AR and everyday devices allow skills to be shared remotely across a wide area. Significant benefits to people, e.g. patients needing access to surgeons.

Q: where else could this Tech be used?

DESIGN AND TECHNOLOGYA Model of the Cornell Notes document

DRAMA

Summary

Inclusive design improves design for all users as it makes products and environments safer and more intuitive. Inclusive design covers all parts of a product or environment function and can be a simple change or development of a product.

Notes

Example - using an ATM. Everybody needs access to money. It uses colour to show what is cancel (red), go back (amber), and next (green), so language is not a barrier. There is a headphone slot for spoken commands; the numbers are tactile and always in the same place for the visually impaired

The majority of people with be temporarily disabled at some point in their life with a broken bone, hearing or vision loss.

Making a product easy to understand (push/pull doors needing a sign is bad design)

Making a product easier to use makes it easier for everyone. Example - a can opener needing two hands to operate is harder to use than one that only uses one hand.

When coming to a road crossing with headphones in and looking at your phone you are functionally hearing and visually impaired.

Making something more visually appealing can be more inclusive and less intrusive – e.g. people with diabetes might need to inject themselves throughout the day, and this can lead to misconceptions as it could be interpreted as taking illegal substances. Make the syringe less conspicuous by disguising it as a pen and hiding the needle.

Main Ideas

Inclusive design: to design a product or environment so it can be used by as many people as possible.

Subject Design Technology

Datexx/xx/xx

Topic: inclusive design

Name:PIXL

Drama. Model of the Cornell Notes document

Name Date

Topic: The role of theatre in society Subject: Why theatre is essential to democracy

Main Ideas

1. Origins of theatre/democracy

2. Conflict in Drama

3. Audience involvement/empathy

4. Theatre as a ‘shared’ experience

5. Culture for everyone

6. Issue based theatre

Notes:

Both theatre and western democracy were born in Athens in 6th century BC – they stem from the same roots. Although democracy was both partial and flawed, the main premise was that power should stem from the ‘consent of the governed’ i.e. flowing from below to above. During the festival of Dionysus, the entire community would gather on the side of the Acropolis to watch dancing, listen to music and hear stories. It is traditionally held that an actor named Thespis was the first to introduce the notion of dialogue.

With only one actor addressing the audience directly, the relationship between actor and audience was strictly one-way. When a second actor was introduced, different viewpoints became apparent. Opinions were shared and contested creating conflict. “The truth can only emerge in the conflict of different points of view” – this is the basis of democracy.

The audience were now encouraged to empathise – to see the world through the eyes of the character(s) and appreciate their different points of view rather than simply listening to a story. “The collision of different ideas and the emotional muscle of empathy are the necessary tools for democratic citizenship.”

Live theatre is a ‘collective’, experience where we respond to each other as well as the performance, sharing laughter, tears etc.

Joe Papp founded the New York Shakespeare Festival (Shakespeare in the Park) in 1954 with intention of making the best theatre accessible to all as it was free. Years later, in 1967, he took this a step further by not just bringing the classics to people but involving them. He opened the Joseph Papp Public Theatre attracting a whole new audience. Clive Barnes (New York Times) wrote of his first production, “Hair” ‘It was as if Mr Papp took a broom and swept up all the refuse from the East Village streets onto the stage.” It wasn’t meant as a compliment, but Papp had it displayed in the theatre lobby!

Plays dealt with important issues such as suicide, the AIDs crisis, sexuality etc. They were informative, encouraged conversation and in many cases ‘changed the dialogue’ on major issues. There was a cultural shift with theatre ‘doing its bit’ to change opinion.

https://www.ted.com/talks/oskar_eustis_why_theater_is_essential_to_democracy

7. Bringing theatre to a wider audience

8. Audience participation

9. Hamilton

10. Alienation of the deindustrialised Rust Belt

11. Inclusion

Eventually, Shakespeare in the Park became a victim of its own success. Although originally formed to bring accessibility to all, it was becoming almost impossible to get a ticket. The mobile unit was reintroduced, taking Shakespeare into prisons, homeless shelters and community centres. Directors learned (although they knew intuitively) that people’s need for theatre was as powerful as their need for food and drink.

There was a drive to re-involve the audience in the process, redefining theatre as a two-way experience. As part of the Public Works Programme, amateurs and members of the public performed alongside well-respected actors. This was not only a social programme, however. It consolidated the idea that artistry is not just the possession of the few – it is inherent in all of us.

This reworking of the story of the founding fathers, translated into verse/music by Lin-Manuel Miranda, is told through the eyes of the only one of the founding fathers who was an illegitimate, immigrant orphan from the West Indies – Alexander Hamilton. Like Shakespeare, Lin-Manuel elevates the voice of the people and, in doing so ennobles the language and the people who spoke it. His choice to cast entirely with black and brown actors serves to revive people’s great aspirations for America and the concept of the great American Dream. When Vice-President Pence attended, he was booed by the audience and, after the finale, a speech was read from the stage which lead to a petition and boycott of the show and a storm of outrage on social media by people who felt he had been disrespected.

Eustis points out that the people who signed the petition were highly unlikely to ever see Hamilton anyway. “They weren’t boycotting us. We were boycotting them.” The political map of the US illustrates how theatre (and culture generally) like the economy, education system, technology etc. has turned its back on a large part of the country.

Inclusion has to be a priority for theatre to do its job properly. In the Autumn, “Sweat”, the Pulitzer prize-winning play by Lynn Nottage which deals with the deindustrialisation of Pennsylvania when the loss of jobs in the steel industry unleashed a torrent of rage and racism, will tour rural areas of Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, Minnesota and Wisconsin, partnering with community organisations to find ways to not only reach these communities but also to listen to them.

Summary

Culture is for everyone (as it was in 6 BC Athens.) The role of theatre is to hold up a vision to society (‘a mirror up to nature’) that shows not only who we all are individually, but what joins us together as a society.

What links can you make with the current political situation in the UK?

Economics. A Model of the Cornell Notes document

Name- Jane Bloggs

Topic- Minimum Wage

Date- 17.06.19

Subject- Economics

Main Ideas:

The minimum wage is used by the government to force firms to pay a minimum wage to low paid employees to ensure these employees have enough money to get by.

U18s - £4.20/hour

18-20 - £5.90/hour

21-24 - £7.38/hour

25+ - £7.83/hour

There is no minimum wage for under 16s

In the UK, there is also a national living wage, which isn’t legally enforceable but represents a wage that allows the worker to live a more comfortable life.

Firms may opt to pay the National Living Wage in order to better the company’s image.

Notes:

As seen in the diagram, a minimum wage is used to cause an expansion in the supply of labour. It increases the wage from W to W1, which increases the quantity supply of labour from Q to Q2 but decreases the quantity demanded for labour from Q to Q1. Q1-Q2 is real-wage (classical) unemployment.

Advantages of Minimum Wage:

Increases the incentive for people to join the labour force and apply for jobs (increases workforce so closer to whole economy operating on PPF)

Increases the income of the lowest paid in the economy which reduces inequality and poverty

Disadvantages of Minimum Wage:

Can cause unemployment in competitive markets where firms are forced to lay off workers to save costs and retain competitive price

Can lead to higher prices if firms pass on wage increases Regional imbalances in wages reduce the effectiveness The differences in minimum wage for different ages may encourage

firms to give longer hours to younger workers since it is cheaper

Summary

The advantages of the minimum wage, such as reduction in inequality, line up with more left wing ideologies, which explains why Jeremy Corbyn wants to increase the minimum wage for under 18s to £10 an hour.

Although the minimum wage has advantages, there are also considerable costs to implementing a high minimum wage including higher unemployment, creation of black markets (firms pay in cash) and higher prices.

Joe Bloggs

Productivity

12/06/2019

Economics

Definitions

Labour productivity

Capital productivity

Productivity

Explained

How can it be improved?

Evaluation

Productivity is a measure of the efficiency of a factor of production. Labour productivity is a measure of output per worker or per hour worked. Capital productivity is a measure of output per unit of capital. The total factor productivity is the average productivity of all factors, measured as the total output divided by the total amount of input.

Production occurs from the use of the four factors of production (Capital, Land, Labour and Enterprise) are combined to provide a product. An increase in production must come from one of two sources, either an increase in quantity of factors or by an increase in productivity. Labour productivity is affected by a number of factors such as education level, technological assistance and division of labour.

The first and most obvious way to improve productivity is through the division of labour. Division of labour entails breaking up the production of a good or service into small tasks that can be given to a single worker or team of workers, which allows them to specialise. This task specialisation means that these workers become more productive at their tasks and make less mistakes and therefore the whole process becomes far more effective. Additional, businesses can invest in things such as training and technology to make their workers more effective and the government can increase the quality of education people receive.

However, people can become inefficient through division of labour if they become bored of their task and almost all new technology creates a temporary drop in productivity while employees become accustomed to it. The UK has a low level of workforce productivity compared to other developed nations.

Productivity is a measure of the effectiveness of turning factors of production into goods and services. Productivity is affected by a number of factors that are both in the company’s control (such as technology utilization and level of on the job training) and that are not (such as societal scale cultural concepts of work and the quality of education in the country).

ENGLISH LANGUAGE A Model of the Cornell Notes document

Name: A. Student

Topic: English Language

Date: 01.05.19

Subject: Gender Theory – Deborah Cameron

Main Ideas

Lots of people have claimed that there is evidence that men and women speak differently and that this is ‘natural’ – it is not.

Myths about gender differences in language can have real impacts in the world.

List five claims made by the ‘myths’.

Relationship between sexes is not just difference but power.

Studies actually show very little statistical difference between men’s and women’s speech.

Notes

Mentioning lots of writers on gender. In particular, Deborah Tannen (look up more info as she is another important theorist).

References to real world impacts of gendered language assumptions such as the call centre.

5 claims are:

1) Women talk more than men2) Women are better at talking3) Men talk to gets things done – women to empathise4) Men compete; women cooperate5) The above routinely leads to miscommunication

Good point to connect to language and power theories (look up).

We all have confirmation bias on beliefs.

Specific examples such as how ‘The Female Brain’ claimed that women say 20,000 words a day but men only 7,000. This was completely made up but still gained traction in news (could connect these ideas to ‘Fake News’).

Janet S. Hyde – The Gender Similarities Hypothesis – look up.

Look up Jack Chambers.

The idea that women talk more is linked to social prejudice (i.e. the idea that women talk ‘too much’)

Summary

Deborah Cameron makes a very clear case for the idea that there is actually very little difference between how men and women speak (the diversity or dynamic theory/model). There are differences but these are statistically insignificant.

ENGLISH LITERATUREA Model of the Cornell Notes document

Name: A. Student

Topic: English Language

Date: 01.05.19

Subject: Gender Theory – Deborah Cameron

Main Ideas

Lots of people have claimed that there is evidence that men and women speak differently and that this is ‘natural’ – it is not.

Myths about gender differences in language can have real impacts in the world.

List five claims made by the ‘myths’.

Relationship between sexes is not just difference but power.

Studies actually show very little statistical difference between men’s and women’s speech.

Notes

Mentioning lots of writers on gender. In particular, Deborah Tannen (look up more info as she is another important theorist).

References to real world impacts of gendered language assumptions such as the call centre.

5 claims are:

6) Women talk more than men7) Women are better at talking8) Men talk to gets things done – women to empathise9) Men compete; women cooperate10) The above routinely leads to miscommunication

Good point to connect to language and power theories (look up).

We all have confirmation bias on beliefs.

Specific examples such as how ‘The Female Brain’ claimed that women say 20,000 words a day but men only 7,000. This was completely made up but still gained traction in news (could connect these ideas to ‘Fake News’).

Janet S. Hyde – The Gender Similarities Hypothesis – look up.

Look up Jack Chambers.

The idea that women talk more is linked to social prejudice (i.e. the idea that women talk ‘too much’)

Summary

Deborah Cameron makes a very clear case for the idea that there is actually very little difference between how men and women speak (the diversity or dynamic theory/model). There are differences but these are statistically insignificant.

FRENCHA Model of the Cornell Notes document

Name

Topic: Quelle place dans le monde pour la langue française en 2050 ?

Date

Subject:https://www.europe1.fr/societe/quelle-place-dans-le-monde-pour-la-langue-francaise-en-2050-3604640

Main Ideas

- Actuellement cinquième langue la plus parlée dans le monde, le français devrait être pratiqué par quelque 700 millions de personnes en 2050. 

- En 2050, 85% des francophones à travers le monde devraient donc être africains.

- Michel Francard - la situation pourrait changer avec les communautés africaines qui vivent sur le continent européen, mais à condition que celles-ci ne restent pas confinées dans un ghetto linguistique, et social".

Notes

- "Le français sera la première langue de l’Afrique et peut-être du monde si nous savons faire dans les prochaines décennies" - Emmanuel Macron - Sur les 274 millions de francophones à travers le monde, plus de la moitié viennent d'Afrique.- Selon l'Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF), le français est actuellement la cinquième langue la plus parlée sur la planète, derrière le mandarin, l’anglais, l’espagnol et l’arabe ou l’hindi.- L'institution prévoit même 760 millions de francophones en 2060. - Compte tenu des dynamiques démographiques, le continent comptera même plus de 90% des jeunes francophones de 15 à 29 ans en 2050.- Un coup de pouce bienvenu alors que le français, autrefois langue diplomatique par excellence, se trouve menacé dans les institutions internationales telles que l'Union européenne ou l'ONU.

- "La francophonie est intrinsèquement polycentrique. Et elle n'est pas que du ressort des États, mais aussi des acteurs économiques, des universités, des médias, etc.", Benjamin Boutin, auteur du rapport "L'Élan de la francophonie".

- C'est bien connu : le français est une langue en perpétuelle évolution. Qui plus est en Afrique, où il cohabite déjà souvent avec des langues locales. C'est notamment le cas au Sénégal, avec le "francolof", au Cameroun avec le "camfranglais", ou encore en Côte d'Ivoire avec le "nouchi".

Summary

1. Le français deviendra la cinquième langue la plus parlée dans le monde en 2050.2. Selon les spécialistes et les politiciens, la majorité des locuteurs francophones viendra des pays

africains, où il existe déjà de nombreuses variétés du français. 3. Le français sera une langue puissante et redoutable à l’avenir.

GEOGRAPHYA Model of the Cornell Notes document

TED talk – “which country does the most good for the world?” Simon Anholt.

Name

Topic: Globalisation

Date

Subject: The Good Country Index.

Main Ideas

The impact of gloabalisation

We need to get our act together to solve these problems of globalisation

2005 the Nation Brands Index

The Good Country Index

What is the Index there for?

Notes

Globalisation can be good and bad. It has connected ideas, learning, people. It has had successes such as the UN development millennium goals.

People work together

But there have been some downsides – climate change, demographics, pandemics, species loss, human rights, human slavery.

We need to come up with solutions, so we do not become victims of globalisation. There are a number of reasons why we have been slow to react to the problems linked to globalization:

The world is still organized in an old-fashioned way. Nation states. Governments are inward thinking. They are concerned with their own country not global issues. Every country is an “island”. We should work together. Less microscopic more telescopic.

Cultural psychopaths – countries find it difficult to empathise other countries.

Governments believe that national and international agendas are separate. It would be better if these were looked at together.

It polls approx. 70% of the world’s population. It has 200 billion data points. It looks at what people think about other countries. E.g. generally, Germany is thought of in a positive way. “Good” countries are not necessarily the most modern, richest or most successful. But they do contribute in a positive way.

“To do well you need to do good.”

The Good Country Index shows how much each country contributes to the world. It shows what countries give.

Which country is top? – Ireland. Finland and Switzerland do well. Kenya comes 30th so it is not just rich = good. Russia 95th. China 107th. Hoped they will get more “good”.

As individuals we can ask of our politicians – is that “good”?

We can make doing “good” important when we elect our politicians.

We can ask - is that what a good country would do?

Summary

Globalisation can be good and bad. To reduce the negative impacts of globalisation we need to look externally rather than just internally, this can be done by looking at the contributions a country makes to the world. Using the Good Country Index. The world will be a better place if countries do more “good”.

GERMANA Model of the Cornell Notes document

Name

Topic

Viele Studenten fühlen sich überfordert.

Date

Subject https://www.spiegel.de/lebenundlernen/uni/ausgebrannte-studenten-lost-in-perfection-a-741692.html

Main Ideas

- Eva-Maria Orgel ist Psychotherapeutin und kennt so viele unglückliche Studenten wie kaum jemand.

- Das Burnout hat die Hochschulen erreicht.

- Der Druck beginnt in der Schule.

- Die Geschichte einer Studentin.

- Die Therapeuten versuchen, die Studenten zu stabilisieren.

Notes

- Seit 18 Jahren arbeitet sie in der psychologischen Beratungsstelle des Berliner Studentenwerks, hört sich Geschichten an über Schreibblockaden und Prüfungsängste, über Panik-Attacken und Schweißausbrüche, 25 Termine pro Woche plus Gruppensitzungen.

- Orgel und ihre Kollegen erleben in ihren Sprechstunden, wie erschöpft und überfordert sich die Studenten fühlen. Das Problem hat sich verschärft, mehr Studenten als noch vor einigen Jahren fühlen sich ausgebrannt. Viele Studenten leiden unter depressiven Verstimmungen.

- Jeder dritte Schüler in Deutschland hat mit Stress-Symptomen zu kämpfen. Sie sind gereizt, niedergeschlagen, nervös; der Kopf tut weh, der Rücken, der Bauch.

- Sie lernte bis zu 16 Stunden am Tag, auch am Wochenende, ging nicht mehr feiern und nicht mehr zum Sport. Kurz vor den Klausuren saß sie in ihrer WG und weinte - tagelang. Erst dann holte sie sich Hilfe.

- Wie lassen sich Pausen in den Tag bauen? Welche Prüfungen sind wirklich wichtig?

Summary

Der Uni-Stress nimmt zu und viele Studenten setzen sich aber selbst unter enormen Druck.

"Es herrscht das Gefühl, sich unbedingt durchbeißen zu müssen, und das möglichst schnell." Eva-Maria Orgel

Diese Studenten müssen wieder lernen, es ruhiger angehen zu lassen.

GOVERNMENT AND POLITICSA Model of the Cornell Notes document

Article: https://www.vox.com/2019/4/10/18295513/abortion-2020-roe-joe-biden-democrats-republicans

HISTORYA Model of the Cornell Notes document

Name J Bloggs

Topic Big History TED Talk https://www.ted.com/talks/david_christian_big_history/up-next#t-1037205

Date 25.04.19

Subject; History

Main Ideas

How does the universe make complexity?

The Law of Entropy vs the Complexity of the world

The key thresholds of complexity allow the universe to move from simple to complex with the right ‘goldilocks’ conditions

Summary

In certain circumstances the universe can buck the trend of the second law of thermodynamics and create complexity but not all in one go. Each stage of complexity if the goldilocks zone still exists allows a greater degree of complexity in the case of the universe leading to life on earth.

Notes

The universe moves from Order to chaos – Entropy.

2nd Law of Thermodynamics

Human Race linked in complex global trade and communication

How does this complexity happen

o Goldilocks pockets allow complexity and complexity allows more complexity

o Complexity increases through threshold moments

o Goldilocks conditions become more stringent as thresholds progress

Big History explains this by looking at the history of the universe as a whole

Threshold 1 – The Big Bang - Start of the world – energy separates

After 400,000 years simple atoms appear

Gravity is denser where there is more matter which leads to stars

Threshold 2 – Stars light up

Threshold 3 – New Chemical Elements – Gold comes from supernova explosions

Around young stars new elements form and rocks and asteroids and planets form

Threshold 4 – The Earth and the Solar System – rocky planets are more complex.

Threshold 5 – Living organisms created by chemistry – molecules combining – the right amount of energy is needed / chemical elements / liquid

Name J Bloggs

Topic Big History TED Talk

Date 25.04.19

Subject- History

Main Ideas

DNA allows increased complexity resulting in the growth off the human race

Humans threaten the goldilocks conditions

Humans are at a another threshold moment.

Notes

In Threshold 5 oceans, heat from the fissures in the earth’s crusts allowed life to be created

DNA is a clever way to stabilize molecules by creating a stable and copiable template

DNA is copied and spreads across the ocean; however it can change in one in a billion examples.

DNA enables more complex organisms – fist single cell and then 1500 billion years ago – multiple cell organisms develop and other step in complexity

When the goldilocks conditions are changed eg asteroid explosion – complexity can no longer thrive

Human language enables greater complexity as language ensures information is not lost – this is why we have a history

Collective learning makes humans different and enables learning through record of history

Farming increased human population – then shipping and community leads to a global learning.

Fossil fuels and farming are both energy bonanzas for humans

Collective learning is a powerful force, we are not necessarily in charge of it.

Key threat to the goldilocks conditions – nuclear weaponry – burning of fossil fuels

Big History is a vital intellectual tool in another threshold moment for the universe.

Summary

The key complexities after the growth of humans are farming and fossil fuels which allow humans the global complexity it has today, the key threats are nuclear weaponry and the burning of fossil fuels and we could be about the destroy the goldilocks conditions which have allowed complexity in the universe to thrive thus far.

MATHSA Model of the Cornell Notes document

Name

Topic Forces

Date

Subject Mechanics

Main Ideas

Unit

Force as a vector

F = ma

Weight

Notes

Newton (derived SI unit; 1 N is equivalent to 1 kg m s−2).

Forces can be added together; their resultant is the single force that has the same effect as the individual forces combined. Triangle of forces (etc).

Newton’s First Law: If the resultant of the forces acting on an object is 0, it will move with constant velocity.

Body in equilibrium; resultant of forces acting on the body is 0 and velocity is 0.

In a straight line, use positive and negative according to the direction of the force. Keep to same orientation as velocity, acceleration, etc.

In two dimensions, resolve forces into two components (for example “horizontal and vertical”). Use Pythagoras (to find magnitude of two perpendicular forces) and trigonometry (to resolve into components, etc).

Value of F is the resultant of the forces on a body. See Newton’s Second Law.

Vector form F = ma

Not the same as mass. Weight is a force equal to the mass multiplied by g, the acceleration due to gravity (generally given as 9.8 ms−2). W = mg

Always acts vertically downwards. If a body is at rest on a horizontal surface, there must be a force (usually a normal reaction) acting vertically upwards.

Summary

F = ma

Resolve forces into components, add forces to find resultant.

Constant velocity - resultant force equals 0.

MEDIA STUDIESA Model of the Cornell Notes document

Name

Topic: Print advertising and semiotics

Date

Subject: How advertisers use MEDIA LANGUAGE

Main Ideas

I. Mise-en-scene and strong visual imagery is key in attracting and engaging an audience in an advertising campaign

II. Written language is used to anchor the meaning of the mise-en-scene, and add further meaning to the advert

III. Adverts reflect the social context in which they are produced.

Notes

Advertising campaigns have a matter of seconds to grab their audience’s attention, and therefore one of the techniques they use is the inclusion of a strong eye-catching image. These images need to be visually engaging and aesthetically pleasing, and they might also include a range of enigma codes. These images, and the messages within them, also need to stay with the audience after they have moved on. Images will often include close up eye level shots to engage the audience and create a connection between people. The model within an advert will usually be an aspirational figure such as a well-known celebrity or model. They will have been photoshopped to ensure they appear flawless, and will usually have high-key lighting, or gradient lighting around them to draw the audience’s attention to them.

Written codes are used to anchor the preferred reading of the advert. Advertisers use a range of linguistic techniques such as personal pronouns, imperatives and puns. Advertisers do not have a large amount of time to communicate with the audience and therefore copy is usually kept to a minimum, with short snappy sentences used to create slogans that will stick with the audience. The mode of address will depend on the product being advertised, for example sports drinks will use a range of scientific language to suggest the product is effective, whereas beauty products will use a more informal mode of address to create a sense of trust between the audience and the product.

Adverts produced in contemporary society will reflect the audience’s usage of digital media, and how this has become a fundamental part of society. Adverts will include digital signifiers such as hashtags and links to social media sites. They also feature influencers to appeal to a modern audience. This communicates the values present in society and the concepts that engage an audience in this social period.

Summary

Media language is key in engaging an audience and communicating with them in a short space of time. Producers use a range of technical and symbolic codes to communicate their ideas and persuade their audience to purchase the product being advertised. Technical codes include the camera shot and angle, lighting and composition (such as Z framing). The producers anchor the preferred reading through the inclusion of written codes and carefully constructed copy on the advert.

PHYSICAL EDUCATIONA Model of the Cornell Notes document

Name - PiXL Example Date April 2019

Topic - Biomechanics Subject: Projectiles

Main Ideas

A projectile is an object upon which the only force acting is gravity.

There are a variety of examples of projectiles. An object dropped from rest provided that the influence of air resistance is negligible. An object that is thrown vertically upward provided that the influence of air resistance is negligible. An object which is thrown upward at an angle to the horizontal provided that the influence of air resistance is negligible.

Notes

A projectile has a single force that acts upon it - the force of gravity.

If there were any other force acting upon an object, then that object would not be a projectile.

By definition, a projectile is any object upon which the only force is gravity.

A projectile is an object upon which the only force is gravity. Gravity acts to influence the vertical motion of the projectile, causing a vertical acceleration.

The horizontal motion of the projectile is the result of the tendency of any object in motion to remain in motion at constant velocity.

Due to the absence of horizontal forces, a projectile remains in motion with a constant horizontal velocity.

Horizontal forces are not required to keep a projectile moving horizontally. The only force acting upon a projectile is gravity!

Summary

A projectile is any object that once projected or dropped continues in motion by its own inertia and is influenced only by the downward force of gravity.

PSYCHOLOGYA Model of the Cornell Notes document

Name: A. Student

Topic: Psychology

Date: 00.00.00

Subject: Obedience - Milgram

Main Ideas

Many people believe there are situational explanations for behaviour. Through numerous pieces of research in social psychology, there is much evidence to suggest that this is the case.

Milgram believed that there are situational explanations for behaviour and that anyone, given the situation and with consideration to those also present, have the ability to commit heinous acts.

Notes

Milgram dispelled the belief that the Germans were different following the holocaust. From Jewish descent, Milgram wanted to find out why the Nazis during WWII committed atrocious acts, which led to the murder of 6 million Jews.

Milgram (1963) wanted to investigate how far people would go in obeying orders, even if it involved harming another person.Participants were volunteers.

Participants responded to a newspaper advertisement – looking to investigate the effects of punishment on learning (deception).

40 males took part in the research. Experiment rigged so that the participant always played the role of the teacher. Learner and experimenter were in fact confederates of the experiment.

Electric shock generator up to 450V. Learner was not being shocked – further deception used in this piece of research.

Experimenter gave teacher orders to give an electric shock, increasing in severity for each wrong answer on a word pair test. Learner ‘responses’ had been pre-recorded on a tape recorder.

65% participants followed orders up to the maximum shock of 450v.

Summary

People will obey the orders of legitimate authority figures – even if they are destructive. People do this because they diffuse the responsibility onto the authority figure – who they believe will take responsibility for their actions. Ordinary people are likely to follow these orders and it is not a dispositional factor, just present in Germans. Therefore obedience and destruction is something we are all capable of if placed in certain situations.

RELIGIOUS STUDIESA Model of the Cornell Notes document

Name

Topic: Topic Rev Tom Honey on why God allows tsunamis

Date

Subject: Problem of Evil

Main Ideas:

We need to move away from the God of classical theism

We need to stop looking for a philosophical answer to the problem of evil

Abandon God of classical theism for a suffering God – this fits the 20th century

A God who responds to prayer or acts in history is biased and unfair

Abandon traditional God, not one who acts but a divine presence

Notes:

Many people see God as the almighty, a policeman in the sky. In the past we have not wanted to rock the boat by exploring other ideas about God.

Archbishop of Canterbury – people do not want an intellectual explanation of evil. There are no words that can make up for what has happened; instead, a compassionate silence and practical help is needed.

God has to be able to feel and experience our pain. One who weeps when we weep and rejoice when we rejoice. We need to move away from an unchanging God who is cold and indifferent. WW1, WW2 and Holocaust. Where is God – the answer is God is in this with us or he does not deserve our allegiance. An unchanging God may exist but I do not want to know him.

Why would God act in some cases but not others? This makes him unfair and partisan.

We should see God not as one who does things as in the Old Testament, defeating Egyptians etc. but instead he is in things. Is this Pantheism? Pantheism? There are lots of don’t knows but that is what makes God a divine mystery.

Summary:

We most move away from the God of classical theism. God is not a grand fixer but instead a presence within us who feels our pain and joy. This allows us to offer support to those experiencing evil rather than philosophical arguments. A God who acts in history becomes partisan, and it makes more sense to have a God who understands all suffering rather than one that fixes some suffering whilst ignoring others’ pain.

BIOLOGY A Model of the Cornell Notes

document

CHEMISTRYA Model of the Cornell Notes document

PHYSICSA Model of the Cornell Notes document

SOCIOLOGYA Model of the Cornell Notes document

Name Sam Smith

Topic: The surprising decline in violence -TEDTalk

Date: 24/5/19

Subject: Sociology

Main Ideas

Examples of violence over the last 2 centuries - the view is modernity has brought us terrible violence.

Violence has actually been in decline - today we are living in the most peaceful time of our species existence.

Why are so many people so wrong about something so important? (I.e. the amount of violence that exists)

Why has violence declined?

Notes

20th century - Rwanda, Pol Pot, Hitler, Stalin and the 21st Century- Iraq

A decline of violence can be seen if we look at the past - % of male deaths in hunter gatherer communities was between 15-60% due to warfare and fighting but in the 2 World Wars it was only 2% in USA and Europe

Mutilation, torture, capital punishment, cruelty and slavery were all very present in the past- in today’s society, much less commonplace

Since 1945 - steep decline in military coups and interstate wars

Since the end of the Cold War - fewer civil wars and less genocide

Better reporting - media

Change in human standards outpaces change in behaviour

We are not living in anarchy

Technology and economic efficiency makes life more pleasant - one puts more value on life

Empathy - Stringer argues our empathy now expands beyond family and friends

Summary

There is a misconception that today’s society is more violent than any other period. This is inaccurate as can be seen from analysing evidence. Violence has declined over time - especially in the western world.

SPANISHA Model of the Cornell Notes document

Name

Topic: Crean el primer mapa mundial sobre el plástico flotante en el mar y da mucho que pensar

Date

Subject: https://www.vix.com/es/btg/curiosidades/6400/crean-el-primer-mapa-mundial-sobre-el-plastico-flotante-en-el-mar-y-da-mucho-que-pensar

Main Ideas

- El problema del plástico en los océanos se intensificó dramáticamente después de la Segunda Guerra Mundial.

- Existen cinco enormes acumulaciones de residuos de plástico en el mar.

- Es muy probable que grandes cantidades se estén acumulando en el océano profundo.

- Es conocido que los grandes residuos de plástico afectan a la vida marina de diversas formas.

Notes

1. La creación del mapa - investigadores del Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) de España.

2. La acumulación más conocida se llama “isla de basura” del Pacífico Norte.

3. Ahora hay que ubicar otra acumulación en el Pacífico Sur, el Atlántico Sur y el centro del Atlántico Norte, así como en el Índico.

4. También, los expedicionarios detectaron plástico en el 88% de la superficie oceánica muestreada.

5. La mayoría existe en forma de microplásticos, la versión más pequeña de estos residuos.

6. No se conoce aún los efectos de las micropartículas.7. De momento, es un misterio y todo un reto para la ciencia.8. Hay indicios suficientes para sugerir que los comedores de

plancton son vías importantes para la contaminación por plástico a través de la cadena.

9. Los impactos podrían extenderse sobre los depredadores del océano a gran escala y llegar hasta el hombre.

Summary

1. El problema es muy grave y no se conocen los efectos de los microplásticos a largo plazo.2. Hay grandes acumulaciones de plástico en los océanos que tienen forma de islas.3. El problema empezó hace décadas y cada año empeora cada vez más.4. Da miedo lo que va a pasar en el futuro, y sigue habiendo muchos misterios acerca del mar.

VOCATIONALA Model of the Cornell Notes document

Name: A. Student Date: 18/6/19

Topic: Unit 3 Break Even Charts Subject: Business

Main Ideas

Breaking even means making no profit or loss

Fixed Costs Variable Costs Total Costs Break-even

point Revenue Selling price Variable Cost

per unit Margin of Safety

Notes

Break even requires us to sell enough products to cover all our costs, i.e. the revenue and total costs lines are equal at the break-even point (BEP). We make no profit and no loss.

Fixed costs do not change regardless of output. This will affect how much revenue the business is required to make to cover costs.

Variable costs change depending on output. Again, and in conjunction with fixed costs, this will affect how much revenue a business is required to make to break even.

The break-even point represents the point at which the revenue and total cost lines meet on the graph or it is a figure that shows us how many units of a product we must sell to cover our costs.

The revenue tracks how much money the business receives from the sale of goods or services.

The selling price of a product helps us to calculate revenue. It can also be calculated from a break-even graph but drawing down from the revenue line onto the y axis (output).

The margin of safety represents the difference between a businesses’ actual sales and their break-even point. It almost shows a buffer for the business and how much above the BEP they are.

Summary

Calculating break even shows a business how many products they need to sell in order to cover all their costs. This will allow them to plan expenditure and also to track projected revenue against this.