correlated: r 2 = 0.90 un-correlated correlated: r 2 = 0.96 correlated: r 2 = 0.70 evidence for...
TRANSCRIPT
Dissolved Phase
[PC
B]
(pg
/L)
0
20
40
60
80
Gaseous Phase
[PC
B]
(pg
/m3)
0
10
20
30
SPM Phase
[PC
B]
(pg
/L)
0
20
40
60
80
Phytoplankton Phase
18
16
+3
23
12
82
24
54
65
2+
43
49
47
+4
84
43
7+
42
41
+7
16
44
07
47
0+
76
66
+9
59
15
6+
60
+8
99
2+
84
10
19
98
39
78
7+
81
85
+1
36
11
0+
77
82
15
11
35
+1
44
+1
47
+1
24
14
9+
12
3+
10
71
18
14
61
53
+1
32
10
51
41
+1
79
16
3+
13
81
58
17
8+
12
91
87
+1
82
18
31
85
17
41
77
20
2+
17
1+
15
61
80
19
91
70
+1
90
20
12
03
+1
96
19
5+
20
81
94
20
6
[PC
B]
(pg
/L)
0
20
40
60
80
Aerosol Phase
[PC
B]
(pg
/m3)
0.0
.1
.2
.3
Correlated:
R2 = 0.90
un-correlated
Correlated:
R2 = 0.96
Correlated:
R2 = 0.70
Evidence for Gas-Phase Driven Phytoplankton accumulation of PCBs
Air-Water-Phytoplankton Exchange of POPs
Air-water exchange
Water-phytoplankton exchange
CA
MLD CW CP
FWP
FAW
W
AAWAW C
HC
kF'
Pu
GdWWPWP C
kkk
CkF
-J. Dachs, S.J. Eisenreich, J.E. Baker, F.C. Ko, J.D. Jeremiason. Environ. Sci. Technol. 33, 3653-3660, 1999.
Vertical Flux
P
u
GdSinkSink C
kkk
kF
FSink
0 20 40 60 80 1000
1500
3000
4500
6000
7500
9000
0 20 40 60 80 100
CP (
pg
g-1
)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
June July August June July August
Lake 227 Lake 110
1994 1994
0 20 40 60 80 1000
1500
3000
4500
6000
7500
9000
0 20 40 60 80 100
CP (
pg
g-1
)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
June July August June July August
Lake 227 Lake 110
1994 1994
Observed
Model
Air-Water Exchange Controls Aquatic Concentrations of POPs(Experimental Lakes Area)
Phytoplankton concentrations of PCB 52
Proceso de destilación global
Global Atmospheric Depositional Processes
270 275 280 285 290 295 300 305
180 360 540 720
60
120
180
240
300
360
90N
60N
30N
0
30S
60S
90S
180W 90W 0 90E 180E
273 275 280 285 290 295 300 305T (K)
Temperature
-90
-60
-30
0
30
60
90
0.000 0.004 0.008 0.012
H'
Lat
itu
d
Henry’s Law ConstantPCB 52
Air-Water Exchange
W
AAWAW C
HC
kF'
Lat
itu
de
¿Qué explica la distribución global de loscontaminantes Orgánicos?
Temperatura Productividad primaria
(NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; www.gsfc.nasa.gov)
270 275 280 285 290 295 300 305
180 360 540 720
60
120
180
240
300
360
90N
60N
30N
0
30S
60S
90S
0 5 10 15
180 360 540 720
60
120
180
240
300
360
90N
60N
30N
0
30S
60S
90S
180W 90W 0 90E 180E 180W 90W 0 90E 180E
273 275 280 285 290 295 300 305T (K)
0 5 10 15U10 ( m s-1)
Temperature Wind Speed
Remote Sensing MeasurementsOctober-December 1998
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5
180 360 540 720
60
120
180
240
300
360
180W 90W 0 90E 180E
90N
60N
30N
0
30S
60S
90S
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 kAW (m d-1)
-90
-75
-60
-45
-30
-15
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
0 1 2 3
kAW (m d-1)
La
titu
de
Global Variability of kAW
PCB 52
Air-Water Exchange
W
AAWAW C
HC
kF'
Air-Water Fluxes
Air-Water-Phytoplankton Exchange of POPs
Air-water exchange
Water-phytoplankton exchange
CA
MLD CW CP
FWP
FAW
W
AAWAW C
HC
kF'
Pu
GdWWPWP C
kkk
CkF
-J. Dachs, S.J. Eisenreich, J.E. Baker, F.C. Ko, J.D. Jeremiason. Environ. Sci. Technol. 33, 3653-3660, 1999.
k WP = Biomass ku MLD
Vertical Flux
P
u
GdSinkSink C
kkk
kF
FSink
Gd
uOMSink kk
kFk
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900
180 360 540 720
60
120
180
240
300
360
90N
60N
30N
0
30S
60S
90S
180W 90W 0 90E 180E
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900MLD (m)
Mixed Layer Depth
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
180 360 540 720
60
120
180
240
300
360
90N
60N
30N
0
30S
60S
90S
180W 90W 0 90E 180E
0 1 2 3 4Chlorophyll ( mg m-3)
Chlorophyll
Remote Sensing Measurements
Pu
GdWWPWP C
kkk
CkF
Water-Phytoplankton Fluxes
uWP kMLDBiomassk
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
180 360 540 720
60
120
180
240
300
360
180W 90W 0 90E 180E
90N
60N
30N
0
30S
60S
90S
0 2 4 6 8 10kWP (m d-1)
Global Variability of kWP
PCB 52
-90
-75
-60
-45
-30
-15
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
0 5 10 15
kWP (m d-1)
La
titu
de
Water-Phytoplankton Exchange
Pu
GdWWPWP C
kkk
CkF
Water-Phytoplankton Fluxes
Air-Water-Phytoplankton Exchange of POPs
Air-water exchange
Water-phytoplankton exchange
MLD
W
AAWAW C
HC
kF'
P
u
dWWPWP C
kk
CkF
-J. Dachs, S.J. Eisenreich, J.E. Baker, F.C. Ko, J.D. Jeremiason. Environ. Sci. Technol. 33, 3653-3660, 1999.
k WP = Biomass ku MLD
Vertical Flux
P
u
dSinkSink C
kk
kF
CA
CW CP
FWP
FAW
FSink
d
uOMSink k
kFk
(Lohmann, R., Ockenden, W.A., Shears, J., Jones, K.C. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2001)
Atmospheric Concentrations of PCBs, Dioxins and FuransAtlantic Ocean Transect (52N-74S)
-90
-75
-60
-45
-30
-15
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
0 30 60 90 120 150
CA (pg m-3)
Lati
tud
e
-90
-75
-60
-45
-30
-15
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
0 5 10 15
CA (pg m-3)
La
titu
de
-90
-75
-60
-45
-30
-15
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
0 50 100 150
CA (pg m-3)
La
titu
de
PCB 52 PCB 180 Cl4DD
North
South
Lat
itud
e
Lat
itud
e
Lat
itud
e
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8 2
180 360 540 720
60
120
180
240
300
360
180W 90W 0 90E 180E
90N
60N
30N
0
30S
60S
90S
ng m-2 d-1
Predicted Air-Water and Sinking Fluxes of PCBs, Dioxins and Furans
PCB 52
-90
-75
-60
-45
-30
-15
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2
Flux (ng m-2d-1)
Lat
itu
de
Measured by Gustafsson, Gschwend and Buesseler, Environ. Sci. Technol. 31, 3544-3550, 1997
-90
-75
-60
-45
-30
-15
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
0 1 2 3
kAW, kSink (m d-1)
Latit
ude
-90
-75
-60
-45
-30
-15
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
0 1 2 3 4
kAW, kSink (m d-1)
Lat
itud
e
-90
-75
-60
-45
-30
-15
0
15
30
45
60
75
90
0 4 8 12 16 20
fA/fW
La
titu
de
PCB52
PCB180
PCB180PCB52
Latitudinal Variability of Air to Water Fugacity RatiosAtlantic Ocean
kAW
kAW
kSink
kSink
0
10
20
30
40
Ap
ril
Ma
y
Ju
ne
Ju
ly
Au
gu
st
Se
pt
Oct
No
v
De
c
Jan
Fe
br
Ma
rch
Ap
ril
Ma
y
250m
1440m
2850m
Benzofluoranthene Flux
ng m
-2 d
-1m
g m
-2 d
-1
0
100
200
300 Mass Flux
ng m
-2 d
-1
Biogeochemical Coupling of Atmospheric Deposition and Settling Fluxes
0
20
40
60
Settling Flux
Atmospheric Dep.
Atm. Dep.
Sed. Traps
L. Méjanelle, UPMC
PBDE and PAH atmospheric deposition
0
100
200
300
Au
g 0
8-S
ep
03
Se
p 0
3-1
5S
ep
15-
29
Se
p 2
9-O
ct 1
5O
ct 1
5-N
ov
05
No
v 0
5 -1
2N
ov
12-
20N
ov
20-
De
c 0
3D
ec
03-
12D
ec
12-
Jan
02
Jan
02-
15
Jan
15-
Fe
b 0
2F
eb
02-
18F
eb
18-
Mar
06
Mar
06
- A
pr
02
Ap
r 02
-15
Ap
r 15
-May
01
May
01
-Jun
02
Jun
02-
17
Jun
17-
Jul 2
2Ju
l 22
-Au
g 04
Au
g 0
4-2
3A
ug
23-
31
Au
g 3
1-S
ep
15
Se
p 1
5-O
ct 0
2O
ct 0
2-1
3O
ct 1
3-N
ov
04
No
v 0
4-10
No
v 1
2-25
No
v 2
5-D
ec
09
De
c 0
9-Ja
n 0
2Ja
n 0
2-2
0Ja
n 2
0-F
eb
21
Fe
b 2
1-A
pr 0
6A
pr
06-M
ay 0
5M
ay 0
5-
Jun
BDE 47
BDE 100
BDE 99
BDE 153
BDE 183
BDE 209
SUM PAH Flux
pg m-2 d-1
ng m-2 d-1
2001 2002 2003
Atmospheric Deposition of Polybrominated Biphenyl Ethers and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocabons
L. Méjanelle, UPMC
Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)
Lohmann, R., K. Breivik, J. Dachs, D. Muir. Environ. Poll. 2007
Legacy POPs Emerging POPs
0
150
300
450
600
750
T3 T9 T11 T13 T15 T16 R6 R14 R18
Co
nce
ntr
ació
(n
g/L
)
Antiinflammatories Lipid regulators Antidepressants
Antihistaminics Antibiotics B-blockers
T12
R14
R17
T16
T15
T9R1T3
R18
T8
R4R6
T7
T13
T11T10
T5
T2
TORTOSA
LLEIDAZARAGOZA
HUESCAMONZÓN
SABIÑÁNIGO
PAMPLONA
LOGROÑO
VITORIA
TUDELA
T12
R14
R17
T16
T15
T9R1T3
R18
T8
R4R6
T7
T13
T11T10
T5
T2
TORTOSA
LLEIDAZARAGOZA
HUESCAMONZÓN
SABIÑÁNIGO
PAMPLONA
LOGROÑO
VITORIA
TUDELA
T12
R14
R17
T16
T15
T9R1T3
R18
T8
R4R6
T7
T13
T11T10
T5
T2
TORTOSA
LLEIDAZARAGOZA
HUESCAMONZÓN
SABIÑÁNIGO
PAMPLONA
LOGROÑO
VITORIA
TUDELA
Emerging (non-regulated) POPs: Pharmaceuticals in the Ebro River
Atenolol
Sotalol
Metoprolol
Propranolol
Erythromycin
Azithromycin
Sulfamethaxole
Trimethoprim
Ofloxacin
Lansoprazole
Loratadine
Famotidine
Ranitidine
Carbamazepine
Fluoxetine
Paroxetine
Clofibric acid
Gemfibrozil
Bezafibrate
Pravastatin
Mevastatin
Ibuprofen
Naproxen
Ketoprofen
Indomethacine
Diclofenac
Acetaminophen
Mefenamic acid
Propyphenazone
b-blokersAntibioticsAntiulcer
agentsPsychiatric
drugs
Lipid regulatorand cholesterollowering statin
drugs
Analgesics and antiinflammatories
Atenolol
Sotalol
Metoprolol
Propranolol
Erythromycin
Azithromycin
Sulfamethaxole
Trimethoprim
Ofloxacin
Lansoprazole
Loratadine
Famotidine
Ranitidine
Carbamazepine
Fluoxetine
Paroxetine
Clofibric acid
Gemfibrozil
Bezafibrate
Pravastatin
Mevastatin
Ibuprofen
Naproxen
Ketoprofen
Indomethacine
Diclofenac
Acetaminophen
Mefenamic acid
Propyphenazone
b-blokersAntibioticsAntiulcer
agentsPsychiatric
drugs
Lipid regulatorand cholesterollowering statin
drugs
Analgesics and antiinflammatories
Barceló et al. Personal comunication
Perfluoroalkyl substances are globally distributed, anthropogenic contaminants.
Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAs) are synthetic, perfluorinated, straight- or branched-chain organic acids characterized by a carboxylate or sulfonate moiety.
Surface treatment applications to provide soil, oil and water resistance to personal apparel and home furnishings (e.g. carpet cleaner and Goretex®). on paper products to provide grease, water, and oil resistance to plates, food containers, bags, and wrap (Teflon ®) aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF) for fire-fighting,
Air
(aerosol + gas phase)
Water
(particulate + dissolved phase)
Simultaneous samples
Plankton
Mediterranean sampling cruises (June 2006, May 2007)
POPs in the Mediterranean Sea
0
50
100
150
200
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
0,0
0,1
0,1
0,2
0,2
0
100
200
300
400
PAHs
PCBs
0
5
10
15
20
25
GAS PHASE IN AIR (ng/m3)GAS PHASE IN AIR (ng/m3)
DISSOLVED PHASE IN SURFACE WATER (pg/L)
PLANKTON (ng/g)
0,0
0,1
0,1
0,2
0
10
20
30
40
50
0
10
20
30
40
50
0
4
8
12
DISSOLVED PHASE IN SURFACE WATER (pg/L)
PARTICULATED PHASE IN SURFACE WATER (pg/L) PARTICULATED PHASE IN SURFACE WATER (pg/L)
PLANKTON (ng/g)
PARTICULATE PHASE IN AIR (ng/m3)
44ºN
30ºN
P2P3 P6P5
P7P10P9 P15
P14P12
P17
P11
P16
B3
B4B5
P1P4
P18
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P13P8
B1-2
5ºW 35ºW
44ºN
30ºN
P2P3 P6P5
P7P10P9 P15
P14P12
P17
P11
P16
B3
B4B5
P1P4
P18
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P13P8
B1-2
5ºW 35ºW
P2P3 P6P5
P7P10P9 P15
P14P12
P17
P11
P16
B3
B4B5
P1P4
P18
P23
P22
P21
P20
P19
P13P8
B1-2
5ºW 35ºW
TPAH = 0.24 B-0.57
R2 = 0.65
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
0.E+00 1.E-05 2.E-05 3.E-05 4.E-05 5.E-05 6.E-05 7.E-05
Plankton biomass Kg (L-1)
To
tal
PA
Hs
(n
g d
w -1)
P21
TPAH = 0.24 B-0.57
R2 = 0.65
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
0.E+00 1.E-05 2.E-05 3.E-05 4.E-05 5.E-05 6.E-05 7.E-05
Plankton biomass Kg (L-1)
To
tal
PA
Hs
(n
g d
w -1)
P21
PAH accumulation in plankton depends on planktonic biomass
(Berrojalbiz et al. 2010)
Trophic controls on PAH accumulation in plankton
(Berrojalbiz et al. 2010)
ClCl ClCl
ClCl ClCl
ClCl ClCl
ClCl ClCl
ClCl ClCl
ClCl ClCl
ClCl ClCl
ClCl ClCl
ClCl ClCl
ClCl ClCl
ClCl ClCl
ClCl ClCl
ClCl ClCl
ClCl ClCl
ClCl ClCl
ClCl ClCl
ClCl ClCl
ClCl ClCl
ClCl ClCl
ClCl ClCl
ClCl ClCl
ClCl ClCl
ClCl ClCl
ClCl ClCl
The relationship between CP and the biomass (B) of the samples shows a negative exponential correlation BIOMASS DILUTION
CP = aB-bCP = aB-b
CWCP
CPCW
BIOMASS DILUTIONBIOMASS DILUTIONLow B
Trophic controls on PAH accumulation in plankton
(Berrojalbiz et al. 2010)
0
50
100
150
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Crysene
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Phenanthrene
0
20
40
60
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Anthracene
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5
0
20
40
60
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Benzo(a)pyrene
Biomass (mg L-1)
Biomass (mg L-1)
Con
cent
rati
on(n
gg-1
)C
once
ntra
tion
(ng
g-1)
KOW
-b
-b = -0.54 KOW + 3.5R2 = 0.66
0
50
100
150
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Crysene
0
50
100
150
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Crysene
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Phenanthrene
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0.00 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Phenanthrene
0
20
40
60
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Anthracene
0
20
40
60
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Anthracene
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5
0
20
40
60
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Benzo(a)pyrene
0
20
40
60
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
Benzo(a)pyrene
Biomass (mg L-1)
Biomass (mg L-1)
Con
cent
rati
on(n
gg-1
)C
once
ntra
tion
(ng
g-1)
KOW
-b
-b = -0.54 KOW + 3.5R2 = 0.66
dCZoo/dt = ku CW + kFood CW – kd CZoo – kEg CZoo – kMet CW/ BZoo
Is it due to PAH metabolization?
Trophic controls on POP accumulation in plankton
(Berrojalbiz et al. 2010)
SURFACE MIXED LAYER
PHOTICZONE
VERTICAL FLUXES
AIR-WATEREXCHANGE
Gas phase
Dissolvedphase
Foodchain
DEEPOCEAN
ATMOSPHERE
Particulate matter
Particulate phase
CA
CW
CP
Dissolvedphase
DEGRADATION
DEGRADATION
Particulate phase
Foodchain
Plankton
Plankton
Thermocline
SURFACE MIXED LAYER
PHOTICZONE
VERTICAL FLUXES
AIR-WATEREXCHANGE
Gas phase
Dissolvedphase
Foodchain
DEEPOCEAN
ATMOSPHERE
Particulate matter
Particulate phase
CA
CW
CP
Dissolvedphase
DEGRADATION
DEGRADATION
Particulate phase
Foodchain
Plankton
Plankton
Thermocline
Trophic controls on PCB accumulation in plankton
(Berrojalbiz et al. 2010)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
4 5 6 7 8 9
-b = 0.42 KOW + 2.0R2 = 0.78
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.050
10
20
30
40
50
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
0
8
16
24
32
40
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
PCB 99PCB 101
PCB 180PCB 138
Biomass (mg L-1)
Con
cent
rati
on(n
gg-1
)
0
2
4
6
8
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
PCB 28 PCB 52
Biomass (mg L-1)
Con
cent
rati
on(n
gg-1
)
KOW
-b
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
4 5 6 7 8 9
-b = 0.42 KOW + 2.0R2 = 0.78
0
20
40
60
80
100
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.050
10
20
30
40
50
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
0
8
16
24
32
40
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
PCB 99PCB 101
PCB 180PCB 138
Biomass (mg L-1)
Con
cent
rati
on(n
gg-1
)
0
2
4
6
8
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
PCB 28 PCB 52
Biomass (mg L-1)
Con
cent
rati
on(n
gg-1
)
0
2
4
6
8
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05
PCB 28 PCB 52
Biomass (mg L-1)
Con
cent
rati
on(n
gg-1
)
KOW
-b
Trophic controls on POP accumulation in plankton
(Berrojalbiz et al. 2010)
SURFACE MIXED LAYER
PHOTICZONE
VERTICAL FLUXES
AIR-WATEREXCHANGE
Gas phase
Dissolvedphase
Foodchain
DEEPOCEAN
ATMOSPHERE
Particulate matter
Particulate phase
CA
CW
CP
Dissolvedphase
DEGRADATION
DEGRADATION
Particulate phase
Foodchain
Plankton
Plankton
Thermocline
SURFACE MIXED LAYER
PHOTICZONE
VERTICAL FLUXES
AIR-WATEREXCHANGE
Gas phase
Dissolvedphase
Foodchain
DEEPOCEAN
ATMOSPHERE
Particulate matter
Particulate phase
CA
CW
CP
Dissolvedphase
DEGRADATION
DEGRADATION
Particulate phase
Foodchain
Plankton
Plankton
Thermocline
Trophic controls on HCHs and HCB accumulation in plankton
(Berrojalbiz et al. 2010)
Biomass (mg L-1)
0
4
8
12
16
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04
α-HCH
0
4
8
12
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
γ-HCH
0
4
8
12
16
20
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04
β-HCH
0
1
2
3
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
HCB
Biomass (mg L-1)
Con
cen
trat
ion
(ng
g-1)
y = -0.8296x + 4.2393
R2 = 0.9555
-0.8
-0.4
0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
B = -0.83 KOW + 4.24R2 = 0.95
Con
cen
trat
ion
(ng
g-1)
B
KOW
Biomass (mg L-1)
0
4
8
12
16
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04
α-HCH
0
4
8
12
16
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04
α-HCH
0
4
8
12
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
γ-HCH
0
4
8
12
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
γ-HCH
0
4
8
12
16
20
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04
β-HCH
0
4
8
12
16
20
0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04
β-HCH
0
1
2
3
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
HCB
0
1
2
3
0 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.08
HCB
Biomass (mg L-1)
Con
cen
trat
ion
(ng
g-1)
y = -0.8296x + 4.2393
R2 = 0.9555
-0.8
-0.4
0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
B = -0.83 KOW + 4.24R2 = 0.95
y = -0.8296x + 4.2393
R2 = 0.9555
-0.8
-0.4
0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
y = -0.8296x + 4.2393
R2 = 0.9555
-0.8
-0.4
0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
y = -0.8296x + 4.2393
R2 = 0.9555
-0.8
-0.4
0
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
B = -0.83 KOW + 4.24R2 = 0.95
Con
cen
trat
ion
(ng
g-1)
B
KOW
Trophic controls on POP accumulation in plankton
(Berrojalbiz et al. 2010)
SURFACE MIXED LAYER
PHOTICZONE
VERTICAL FLUXES
AIR-WATEREXCHANGE
Gas phase
Dissolvedphase
Foodchain
DEEPOCEAN
ATMOSPHERE
Particulate matter
Particulate phase
CA
CW
CP
Dissolvedphase
DEGRADATION
DEGRADATION
Particulate phase
Foodchain
Plankton
Plankton
Thermocline
SURFACE MIXED LAYER
PHOTICZONE
VERTICAL FLUXES
AIR-WATEREXCHANGE
Gas phase
Dissolvedphase
Foodchain
DEEPOCEAN
ATMOSPHERE
Particulate matter
Particulate phase
CA
CW
CP
Dissolvedphase
DEGRADATION
DEGRADATION
Particulate phase
Foodchain
Plankton
Plankton
Thermocline
CG
CWCP
CAAir-WaterExchange
Water-Particle Partitioning
Gas-Particle Partitioning
Dry Deposition
Wet Deposition
Vertical Fluxes
Advection
Bioaccumulation
Continental Inputs
Atmospheric Transport
Degradation
Environmental fate of organic pollutants
Major Permanent sinks:
- Ocean interior (sediments, deep waters)
- Atmospheric OH degradation
Selective Sequestration of Atmospheric POPs in Sediments from High Mountain
Lakes
(Grimalt et al. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2001)
Inventories in sediments vs. Temperature
Mean annual T (K) PCB 28 PCB 52 PCB 101 PCB 153
Sediment inventories (ng cm-2) Model 274 (T-2) 0.0043 0.030 0.56 2.82 276 (T measured) 0.0035 0.022 0.36 1.67 280 (T+4) 0.0025 0.013 0.15 0.55 Slope of inventory vs. 1000/T 0.022 0.21 5.0 28 R2 0.993 0.991 0.987 0.981 Measured slope (ref x) ns1 ns ns 6.7 1
(Meijer, S. et al. Environ. Pollut. 2006,
Meijer et al. Environ Pollut.2009)
Meltwater input
CWCP
Dry Deposition
Sinking
Ca(gas)Ca(part)
Resuspension
Air-WaterExchange
Diffusion
Wet Deposition (snow / rain)
CS
Burial
Cpore
Uptake
Depuration
Meltwater input
CWCP
Dry Deposition
Sinking
Ca(gas)Ca(part)
Resuspension
Air-WaterExchange
Diffusion
Wet Deposition (snow / rain)
CS
Burial
Cpore
Uptake
Depuration
Selective Sequestration of Atmospheric POPs in Sediments from a modeled Lake (Lake Redó, Pyrenees Mountains)
Controls on the Sequestration of atmospheric POPs in Sediments from
High Mountain Lakes(Lake Redo, Pyrenees Mountains)
(Meijer, S. et al. Environ. Pollut.. 2009)
Meltwater input
CWCP
Dry Deposition
Sinking
Ca(gas)Ca(part)
Resuspension
Air-WaterExchange
Diffusion
Wet Deposition (snow / rain)
CS
Burial
Cpore
Uptake
Depuration
Meltwater input
CWCP
Dry Deposition
Sinking
Ca(gas)Ca(part)
Resuspension
Air-WaterExchange
Diffusion
Wet Deposition (snow / rain)
CS
Burial
Cpore
Uptake
Depuration
k’W-Sed/k’W-Air = 2.5
Fluxes in mg y-1
k’W-Sed/k’W-Air = 0.5