Corruption perCeptions index 2015

TOPLINE REPORT

The Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) was established in 1995 as a composite indicator used to measure perceptions

of corruption in the public sector in different countries around the world. During the past 20 years, both the sources

used to compile the index and the methodology has been adjusted and refined. The most recent review process took

place in 20121, and some important changes were made to the methodology in 2012. The method that was used up

until 2012 to aggregate different data sources has been simplified and now includes just one year’s data from each

data source. Crucially, this method now allows us to compare scores over time, which was not methodologically

possible prior to 2012.

The methodology follows 4 basic steps: selection of source data, rescaling source data, aggregating the rescaled data

and then reporting a measure for uncertainty.

1. Select data sources: Each data source that is used to construct the Corruption Perceptions Index must fulfil the

following criteria to qualify as a valid source:

• Quantifies perceptions of corruption in the public sector

• Be based on a reliable and valid methodology, which scores and ranks multiple countries on the same scale

• Performed by a credible institution and expected to be repeated regularly

• Allow for sufficient variation of scores to distinguish between countries

The CPI 2015 is calculated using 12 different data sources from 11 different institutions that capture perceptions of

corruption within the past two years. These sources are described in detail in the accompanying source description

document.

2. Standardise data sources to a scale of 0-100 where a 0 equals the highest level of perceived corruption and 100

equals the lowest level of perceived corruption. This is done by subtracting the mean of the data set and dividing by

the standard deviation and results in z-scores, which are then adjusted to have a mean of approximately 45 and a

standard deviation of approximately 20 so that the data set fits the CPI’s 0-100 scale. The mean and standard

deviation are taken from the 2012 scores, so that the rescaled scores can be compared over time against the baseline

year.

Corruption Perception Index 2015

BACKGROUND

METHODOLOGY

Transparency International

3. Calculate the average: For a country or territory to be included in the CPI, a minimum of three sources must assess

that country. A country’s CPI score is then calculated as the average of all standardised scores available for that

country. Scores are rounded to whole numbers.

4. Report a measure of uncertainty: The CPI is accompanied by a standard error and confidence interval associated

with the score, which capture the variation in scores of the data sources available for that country/territory.

Corruption Perception Index 2015

MALAYSIA’S PERFORMANCE

OVERALL PERFORMANCE

MALAYSIA 2015 2014 2013

RANK 54/ 168 50/ 175 53/ 177

SCORE 50/100 52/100 50/100

TOP RANK

1/ 168 (91/100)

2/ 168 (90/100)

3/ 168 (89/100)

Finland Sweden Denmark

BOTTOM RANK

167/ 168 (8/100)

North Korea

168/ 168 (8/100)

Somalia

Rank (Score)

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HEATMAP OF OVERALL PERFORMANCE

Corruption Perception Index 2015 Transparency International

ASIAN COUNTRIES

1 Singapore (85/100)

2 Malaysia (50/100)

3 Thailand (38/100)

4 Indonesia (36/100)

5 Philippines (35/100)

6 Vietnam (31/100)

7 Laos (25/100)

8 Myanmar (22/100)

9 Cambodia (21/100)

The Malaysian government must provide the leadership and strong political will to drive the message of zero tolerance

for graft. The general public are expecting high ethical standards of both conduct and accountability from executive,

judiciary and legislative branches.

• A practical formula or mechanism to regulate political financing.

• Reforming the Malaysia Anti-corruption Commission (MACC) – more autonomy and independence from the

executive in order for it to perform its job as a corruption combating agency more effectively and efficiently.

• Malaysia to adopt UN Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) fully to be in compliance with the convention.

• Malaysian Government to criminalize and enforce against passive foreign bribery.

• Making governments more transparent by joining Open Government Partnership (OGP) membership

OTHER INFORMATION

WHAT THE GOVERNMENT MUST DO?

Corruption Perception Index 2015 Transparency International

AMERICAS

ASIA PACIFIC

EUROPE & CENTRAL ASIA

MIDDLE EAST & NORTH AFRICA

SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA

COUNTRIES THAT ARE NOT INCUDED IN CPI 2015

Not one single country, anywhere

in the world, is corruption-free!