cost-effective solutions to reduce nutrient emissions to the baltic sea karl-johan lehtinen
TRANSCRIPT
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Cost-effective solutions to reduce nutrient emissions to the Baltic Sea
Karl-Johan Lehtinen
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NEFCO´s role
• Finding and financing cost-effective projects (biggest bang for the buck)
• Hitherto: ca. 1000 t P-reductions within NEFCO´s municipal waste water projects
• UAC (Unit Abatement Cost) 90 000 €/t P
• Nordic corresponding shadow prices much higher.
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Nordic Mean UAC -P in 2003, marg inal c os ts for additional inves tments
360000'
1320000'
1787000' 1947000'
0'
500000'
1000000'
1500000'
2000000'
2500000'
Municipal WWTP Agriculture Indus try WWTP Urban Hous ehold
€/t P
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UAC for Earlier P -reductions in Variuous S ectors
20 000
73 00090 000
136 000
0
20 000
40 000
60 000
80 000
100 000
120 000
140 000
160 000
BS RP Leif I S WWTP Leif II
Eur/t P
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What´s Next?
• Areas of specific interest are:
• Kaliningrad town and adjacent communities
• Finalisation of St Petersburg Municipal waste water treatment
• Agri-industrial production in Leningrad oblast for the following reason:
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Determination of cost-efficiency
• Unit Abatement Cost• Transparent and objective way to illustrate cost-
efficiency• Calculation: Total investment (or the environmental part)
- EBITDA (or annual savings based on technical analysis)/annual reduction of the environmental indicator
• Investment cost: annualised cost (usually 5 %, 10 yr capital recovery time)
• Probably not bound for the Noble prize but the inherent error is always the same e.g. comparable methodological incorrectness
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Some examples
UAC for Earlier and Predicted P-reductions
20 000
73 00090 000
136 000
32 000
90 000
6 400 5000
20 000
40 00060 00080 000
100 000120 000
140 000160 000
BS RP Leif I S WWTP Leif II Kaliningr.C
Kalin.S mallmun.
S t. PburgCw w tp.
Poultryfarm
Euro/t P
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Locations of poultry farms
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Alternative solutions to the manure problem
• Lagoons Spreading
• Composting Spreading or products
• Biogas Energy & Spreading
• Incineration Ash (fertilizer + energy) only small amount of residue
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Manure leaching into waterways
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Poultry manure cntd.
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• Annually 800 000 t of manure produced from poultry farms
• Manure contains 3000 t P and 14 000 t N
• P content higher than the total need for P reduction in the Gulf of Finland
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Where are the low-hanging fruits?
• The P-goal within BSAP is ca. 15 000 t/a reduction for the whole Baltic. The Gulf of Finland and Riga Bight ca. 2750 t/a.
• By the finishing of St P:burg wwtp 1800 t P/a reduction (remaining total cost 750+ MEUR)
• Kaliningrad (+ 20 additional comm) estimated 400 t P/a at a cost of around 140 MEUR
• About 3000 additional manure-P tons with potential to reach GF could be eliminated at a, sofar, estimated cost of about 1000 €/t
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• BSAP goal to reduce 8460 t P/a from MWWTPs: St. P:burg 1800 + Kaliningrad 400T = 2200 t/a
• 217 MWTTP discharge directly to BS: make a list and separate the largest ones > 50-100 t P/a
• In total 3036 plants that cover 6260 t P: make list and prioritise the largest ones
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• What about the rest 6540 t P from nonpoint sources?
• Use the money available for improvement of farm routines (manure, application of fertilizer etc according to GAP)
• Use new schemes: rent biotopes from farmers for certain periods
• Nutrient trading probably not avoidable if true nutrient reductions are foreseen.