costitution of india

8/13/2019 Costitution of India

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CONSTITUTION OF INDIA

PREAMBLE

WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India

into a !O"E#EI$N !O%IALI!T !E%&LA# DE'O%#ATI% #EP&(LI%)and to secure to all its citi*ens +

&!TI%E, social, economic and -olitical.

LI(E#T/ o0 thought, e1-ression, 2elie0, 0aith and 3orshi-.

E4&ALIT/ o0 status and o0 o--ortunity.

and to -romote among them all

F#ATE#NIT/ assuring the dignity o0 the individual and the unity and

integrity o0 the Nation)

IN O %ON!TIT&ENT A!!E'(L/ this t3enty5si1th day o0 Novem2er,

6787, do HE#E(/ ADOPT, ENA%T AND $I"E TO O!EL"E! THI!

%ON!TIT&TION9

PART I

THE UNION AND ITS TERRITORY

1. Name and territory o t!e "nion

:6; India, that is (harat, shall 2e a &nion o0 !tates9

:uired9


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#. Admi$$ion or e$ta%&i$!ment o ne' State$.

Parliament may 2y la3 admit into the &nion, or esta2lish, ne3 !tates on such

terms and conditions as it thin?s 0it9


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,. La'$ made "nder arti-&e # and ( to ro/ide or t!e amendment o t!e

Fir$t and t!e Fo"rt! S-!ed"&e$ and $"&ementa& in-identa& and

-on$e0"entia& matter$.

:6; Any la3 re0erred to in article < or article = shall contain such -rovisions 0or

the amendment o0 the First !chedule and the Fourth !chedule as may 2enecessary to give e00ect to the -rovisions o0 the la3 and may also contain such

su--lemental, incidental and conse>uential -rovisions :including -rovisions as

to re-resentation in Parliament and in the Legislature or Legislatures o0 the

!tate or !tates a00ected 2y such la3; as Parliament may deem necessary9

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:2; :i; in the case 3here such -erson has so migrated 2e0ore the nineteenth day

o0 uly, 678, he has 2een ordinarily resident in the territory o0 India since the

date o0 his migration, or

:ii; in the case 3here such -erson has so migrated on or a0ter the nineteenth day

o0 uly, 678, he has 2een registered as a citi*en o0 India 2y an o00icera--ointed in that 2ehal0 2y the $overnment o0 the Dominion o0 India on an

a--lication made 2y him there0or to such o00icer 2e0ore the commencement o0

this %onstitution in the 0orm and manner -rescri2ed 2y that $overnment+ )

Provided that no -erson shall 2e so registered unless he has 2een resident in the

territory o0 India 0or at least si1 months immediately -receding the date o0 his

a--lication9

6. Ri+!t$ o -iti3en$!i o -ertain mi+rant$ to Pa5i$tan.

Not3ithstanding anything in article and article B , a -erson 3ho has a0ter the

0irst day o0 'arch, 678@, migrated 0rom the territory o0 India to the territory

no3 included in Pa?istan shall not 2e deemed to 2e a citi*en o0 India +

Provided that nothing in this article shall a--ly to a -erson 3ho, a0ter having so

migrated to the territory no3 included in Pa?istan, has returned to the territory

o0 India under a -ermit 0or resettlement or -ermanent return issued 2y or under

the authority o0 any la3 and every such -erson shall 0or the -ur-oses o0 clause

:2; o0 article B 2e deemed to have migrated to the territory o0 India a0ter the

nineteenth day o0 uly, 6789

7. Ri+!t$ o -iti3en$!i o -ertain er$on$ o Indian ori+in re$idin+ o"t$ide

India.

Not3ithstanding anything in article , any -erson 3ho or either o0 3hose

-arents or any o0 3hose grand-arents 3as 2orn in India as de0ined in the

$overnment o0 India Act, 67= :as originally enacted;, and 3ho is ordinarily

residing in any country outside India as so de0ined shall 2e deemed to 2e a

citi*en o0 India i0 he has 2een registered as a citi*en o0 India 2y the di-lomatic

or consular re-resentative o0 India in the country 3here he is 0or the time 2eingresiding on an a--lication made 2y him there0or to such di-lomatic or consular

re-resentative, 3hether 2e0ore or a0ter the commencement o0 this %onstitution,

in the 0orm and manner -rescri2ed 2y the $overnment o0 the Dominion o0

India or the $overnment o0 India9


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8. Per$on$ /o&"ntarity a-0"irin+ -iti3en$!i o a orei+n State not to %e

-iti3en$.

No -erson shall 2e a citi*en o0 India 2y virtue o0 article , or 2e deemed to 2e a

citi*en o0 India 2y virtue o0 article B or article , i0 he has voluntarily ac>uired

the citi*enshi- o0 any 0oreign !tate9

19. Contin"an-e o t!e ri+!t$ o -iti3en$!i.

Every -erson 3ho is or is deemed to 2e a citi*en o0 India under any o0 the

0oregoing -rovisions o0 this Part shall, su2ect to the -rovisions o0 any la3 that

may 2e made 2y Parliament, continue to 2e such citi*en9

11. Par&iament to re+"&ate t!e ri+!t o -iti3en$!i %y &a'.

Nothing in the 0oregoing -rovisions o0 this Part shall derogate 0rom the -o3ero0 Parliament to ma?e any -rovision 3ith res-ect to the ac>uisition and

termination o0 citi*enshi- and all other matters relating to citi*enshi-9

PART III

FUNDAMENTAL RI:HTS

General

1#. Deinition.

In this Part, unless the conte1t other3ise re>uires, Cthe !tateC includes the

$overnment and Parliament o0 India and the $overnment and the Legislature

o0 each o0 the !tates and all local or other authorities 3ithin the territory o0

India or under the control o0 the $overnment o0 India9

1(. La'$ o in-on$i$tent 'it! or in dero+ation o t!e "ndamenta& ri+!t$.

:6; All la3s in 0orce in the territory o0 India immediately 2e0ore the

commencement o0 this %onstitution, in so 0ar as they are inconsistent 3ith the

-rovisions o0 this Part, shall, to the e1tent o0 such inconsistency, 2e void9

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:=; In this article, unless the conte1t other3ise re>uires,5

:a; Cla3C includes any Ordinance, order, 2ye5la3, rule, regulation, noti0ication,

custom or usage having in the territory o0 India the 0orce o0 la3.

:2; Cla3s in 0orceC includes la3s -assed or made 2y a Legislature or othercom-etent authority in the territory o0 India 2e0ore the commencement o0 this

%onstitution and not -reviously re-ealed, not3ithstanding that any such la3 or

any -art thereo0 may not 2e then in o-eration either at all or in -articular areas9

:8; Nothing in this article shall a--ly to any amendment o0 this %onstitution

made under article =B 9)9

Right to Equality

1,. E0"a&ity %eore &a'.

The !tate shall not deny to any -erson e>uality 2e0ore the la3 or the e>ual

-rotection o0 the la3s 3ithin the territory o0 India9

12. Pro!i%ition o di$-rimination on +ro"nd$ o re&i+ion)ra-e)-a$te)$e* or

&a-e o %irt!.

:6; The !tate shall not discriminate against any citi*en on grounds only o0

religion, race, caste, se1, -lace o0 2irth or any o0 them9

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educationally 2ac?3ard classes o0 citi*ens or 0or the !cheduled %astes and the

!cheduled Tri2es9)9

14. E0"a&ity o oort"nity in matter$ o "%&i- em&oyment.

:6; There shall 2e e>uality o0 o--ortunity 0or all citi*ens in matters relating to

em-loyment or a--ointment to any o00ice under the !tate9

:uirement as to residence 3ithin that !tate or &nion

territory)96 -rior to such em-loyment or a--ointment9

:8;Nothing in this article shall -revent the !tate 0rom ma?ing any -rovision 0or

the reservation o0 a--ointments or -osts in 0avour o0 any 2ac?3ard class o0

citi*ens 3hich, in the o-inion o0 the !tate, is not ade>uately re-resented in the

services under the !tate9

:;Nothing in this article shall a00ect the o-eration o0 any la3 3hich -rovides

that the incum2ent o0 an o00ice in connection 3ith the a00airs o0 any religious ordenominational institution or any mem2er o0 the governing 2ody thereo0 shall

2e a -erson -ro0essing a -articular religion or 2elonging to a -articular

denomination9

16. A%o&ition o Unto"-!a%i&ity

C&ntoucha2ilityC is a2olished and its -ractice in any 0orm is 0or2idden9 The

en0orcement o0 any disa2ility arising out o0 C&ntoucha2ilityC shall 2e an

o00ence -unisha2le in accordance 3ith la39

17. A%o&ition o tit&e$.

:6; No title, not 2eing a military or academic distinction, shall 2e con0erred 2y

the !tate9


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:8; Nothing in su25clause :c; o0 the said clause shall a00ect the o-eration o0 any

e1isting la3 in so 0ar as it im-oses, or -revent the !tate 0rom ma?ing any la3

im-osing, in the interests o0 the sovereignty and integrity o0 India or)98 -u2lic

order or morality, reasona2le restrictions on the e1ercise o0 the right con0erred

2y the said su2clause9

:; Nothing in su25clauses :d; and :e;)9 o0 the said clause shall a00ect the

o-eration o0 any e1isting la3 in so 0ar as it im-oses, or -revent the !tate 0rom

ma?ing any la3 im-osing, reasona2le restrictions on the e1ercise o0 any o0 the

rights con0erred 2y the said su25clauses either in the interests o0 the general

-u2lic or 0or the -rotection o t e interests o0 any !cheduled Tri2e9

:B; Nothing in su25clause :g; o0 the said clause shall a00ect the o-eration o0 any

e1isting la3 in so 0ar as it im-oses, or -revent the !tate 0rom ma?ing any la3

im-osing, in the interests o0 the general -u2lic, reasona2le restrictions on the

e1ercise o0 the right con0erred 2y the said su25clause, and, in -articular,nothing in the said su25clause shall a00ect the o-eration o0 any e1isting la3 in

so 0ar as it relates to, or -revent the !tate 0rom ma?ing any la3 relating to,5

:i; the -ro0essional or technical >uali0ications necessary 0or -ractising any

-ro0ession or carrying on any occu-ation, trade or 2usiness, or

:ii; the carrying on 2y the !tate, or 2y a cor-oration o3ned or controlled 2y the

!tate, o0 any trade, 2usiness, industry or service, 3hether to the e1clusion,

com-lete or -artial, o0 citi*ens or other3ise)9

#9. rote-tion in re$e-t o -on/i-tion or oen-e$.

:6;No -erson shall 2e convicted o0 any o00ence e1ce-t 0or violation o0 a la3 in

0orce at the time o0 the commission o0 the Act charged as an o00ence, nor 2e

su2ected to a -enalty greater than that 3hich might have 2een in0licted under

the la3 in 0orce at the time o0 the commission o0 the o00ence9

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denied the right to consult, and to 2e de0ended 2y, a legal -ractitioner o0 his

choice9

:uire the authority ma?ing any such order as is

re0erred to in that clause to disclose 0acts 3hich such authority considers to 2e

against the -u2lic interest to disclose9

:@; Parliament may 2y la3 -rescri2e5


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:a; the circumstances under 3hich, and the class or classes o0 cases in 3hich, a

-erson may 2e detained 0or a -eriod longer than three months under any la3

-roviding 0or -reventive detention 3ithout o2taining the o-inion o0 an

Advisory (oard in accordance 3ith the -rovisions o0 su25clause :a; o0 clause

:8;.

:2; the ma1imum -eriod 0or 3hich any -erson may in any class or classes o0

cases 2e detained under any la3 -roviding 0or -reventive detention. and

:c;the -rocedure to 2e 0ollo3ed 2y an Advisory (oard in an in>uiry under su25

clause :a; o0 clause :8;9

Right against Explotation#(. Pro!i%ition o trai- in !"man %ein+$ and or-ed &a%o"r.

:6; Tra00ic in human 2eings and 2egar and other similar 0orms o0 0orced la2ourare -rohi2ited and any contravention o0 this -rovision shall 2e an o00ence

-unisha2le in accordance 3ith la39

:ually entitled to 0reedom o0 conscience and the right

0reely to -ro0ess, -ractise and -ro-agate religion9

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:a; regulating or restricting any economic, 0inancial, -olitical or other secular

activity 3hich may 2e associated 3ith religious -ractice.

:2; -roviding 0or social 3el0are and re0orm or the thro3ing o-en o0 Hindu

religious institutions o0 a -u2lic character to all classes and sections o0 Hindus9

E1-lanation I95The 3earing and carrying o0 ?ir-ans shall 2e deemed to 2e

included in the -ro0ession o0 the !i?h religion9

E1-lanation II95In su25clause :2; o0 clause :


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#8. Prote-tion o intere$t$ o minoritie$.

:6; Any section o0 the citi*ens residing in the territory o0 India or any -art

thereo0 having a distinct language, scri-t or culture o0 its o3n shall have the

right to conserve the same9

:uisition o0 any

-ro-erty o0 an educationalinstitution esta2lished and administered 2y a

minority, re0erred to in clause :6;, the !tate shall ensure that the amount 0i1ed

2y or determined under such la3 0or the ac>uisition o0 such -ro-erty is such as

3ould not restrict or a2rogate the right guaranteed under that clause9)96 :uisition o0 -ro-erty9) #e-9 2y the %onstitution :Forty5

0ourth Amendment; Act, 67@, s9 B :39e909


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:c; the amalgamation o0 t3o or more cor-orations either in the -u2lic interest

or in order to secure the -ro-er management o0 any o0 the cor-orations, or

:d; the e1tinguishment or modi0ication o0 any rights o0 managing agents,

secretaries and treasurers, managing directors, directors or managers o0

cor-orations, or o0 any voting rights o0 shareholders thereo0, or

:e; the e1tinguishment or modi0ication o0 any rights accruing 2y virtue o0 any

agreement, lease or licence 0or the -ur-ose o0 searching 0or, or 3inning, any

mineral or mineral oil, or the -remature termination or cancellation o0 any such

agreement, lease or licence,

shall 2e deemed to 2e void on the ground that it is inconsistent 3ith, or ta?es

a3ay or a2ridges any o0 the rights con0erred 2y article 68 or article 67 )+

Provided that 3here such la3 is a la3 made 2y the Legislature o0 a !tate, the-rovisions o0 this article shall not a--ly thereto unless such la3, having 2een

reserved 0or the consideration o0 the President, has received his assent+)

Provided 0urther that 3here any la3 ma?es any -rovision 0or the ac>uisition 2y

the !tate o0 any estate and 3here any land com-rised therein is held 2y a

-erson under his -ersonal cultivation, it shall not 2e la30ul 0or the !tate to

ac>uire any -ortion o0 such land as is 3ithin the ceiling limit a--lica2le to him

under any la3 0or the time 2eing in 0orce or any 2uilding or structure standing

thereon or a--urtenant thereto, unless the la3 relating to the ac>uisition o0 such

land, 2uilding or structure, -rovides 0or -ayment o0 com-ensation at a rate3hich shall not 2e less than the mar?et value thereo09)

:uivalent has in the e1isting la3

relating to land tenures in 0orce in that area and shall also include5

:i; any agir, inam or mua0i or other similar grant and in the !tates o0 Tamil

Nadu)9B and Gerala an anmam right.

:ii;any land held under ryot3ari settlement.

:iii;any land held or let 0or -ur-oses o0 agriculture or 0or -ur-oses ancillary

thereto, including 3aste land, 0orest land, land 0or -asture or sites o0 2uildings


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and other structures occu-ied 2y cultivators o0 land, agricultural la2ourers and

village artisans.)

:2; the e1-ression CrightsC, in relation to an estate, shall include any rights

vesting in a -ro-rietor, su25-ro-rietor, under5-ro-rietor, tenureholder, raiyat,

under5raiyat)9@ or other intermediary and any rights or -rivileges in res-ect o0land revenue9)

(1B. =a&idation o -ertain A-t$ and Re+"&ation$

69Without -reudice to the generality o0 the -rovisions contained in article

=6A , none o0 the Acts and #egulations s-eci0ied in the Ninth !chedule nor any

o0 the -rovisions thereo0 shall 2e deemed to 2e void, or ever to have 2ecome

void, on the ground that such Act, #egulation or -rovision is inconsistent 3ith,

or ta?es a3ay or a2ridges any o0 the rights con0erred 2y, any -rovisions o0 thisPart, and not3ithstanding any udgment, decree or order o0 any court or

Tri2unal to the contrary, each o0 the said Acts and #egulations shall, su2ect to

the -o3er o0 any com-etent Legislature to re-eal or amend it, continue in

0orce9)

(1C. Sa/in+ o &a'$ +i/in+ ee-t to -ertain dire-ti/e rin-i&e$

69Not3ithstanding anything contained in article 6= , no la3 giving e00ect to the

-olicy o0 the !tate to3ards securing all or any o0 the -rinci-les laid do3n in

Part I") shall 2e deemed to 2e void on the ground that it is inconsistent 3ith, orta?es a3ay or a2ridges any o0 the rights con0erred 2y article 68 or article

67) 9=. and no la3 containing a declaration that it is 0or giving e00ect to such

-olicy shall 2e called in >uestion in any court on the ground that it does not

give e00ect to such -olicy+

Provided that 3here such la3 is made 2y the Legislature o0 a !tate, the

-rovisions o0 this article shall not a--ly thereto unless such la3, having 2een

reserved 0or the consideration o0 the President, has received his assent9)

(1D. ;Reea&ed.uires, Cthe !tateC has the same

meaning as in Part III9

(6. A&i-ation o t!e rin-i&e$ -ontained in t!i$ Part.

The -rovisions contained in this Part shall not 2e en0orcea2le 2y any court, 2ut

the -rinci-les therein laid do3n are nevertheless 0undamental in the governance

o0 the country and it shall 2e the duty o0 the !tate to a--ly these -rinci-les in

ma?ing la3s9

(7. State to $e-"re a $o-ia& order or t!e romotion o 'e&are o t!e

eo&e.

:6;) The !tate shall strive to -romote the 3el0are o0 the -eo-le 2y securing and-rotecting as e00ectively as it may a social order in 3hich ustice, social,

economic and -olitical, shall in0orm all the institutions o0 the national li0e9

:ualities in income,

and endeavour to eliminate ine>ualities in status, 0acilities and o--ortunities,

not only amongst individuals 2ut also amongst grou-s o0 -eo-le residing in

di00erent areas or engaged in di00erent vocations9)

(8. Certain rin-i&e$ o o&i-y to %e o&&o'ed %y t!e State.

The !tate shall, in -articular, direct its -olicy to3ards securing5

:a; that the citi*ens, men and 3omen e>ually, have the right to an ade>uate

means o0 livelihood.

:2; that the o3nershi- and control o0 the material resources o0 the community

are so distri2uted as 2est to su2serve the common good.

:c; that the o-eration o0 the economic system does not result in the

concentration o0 3ealth and means o0 -roduction to the common detriment.

:d; that there is e>ual -ay 0or e>ual 3or? 0or 2oth men and 3omen5

:e; that the health and strength o0 3or?ers, men and 3omen, and the tender age

o0 children are not a2used and that citi*ens are not 0orced 2y economic

necessity to enter avocations unsuited to their age or strength.


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:0; that children are given o--ortunities and 0acilities to develo- in a healthy

manner and in conditions o0 0reedom and dignity and that childhood and youth

are -rotected against e1-loitation and against moral and material

a2andonment9)9

(8A. E0"a& >"$ti-e and ree &e+a& aid

69 The !tate shall secure that the o-eration o0 the legal system -romotes

ustice, on a 2asis o0 e>ual o--ortunity, and shall, in -articular, -rovide 0ree

legal aid, 2y suita2le legislation or schemes or in any other 3ay, to ensure that

o--ortunities 0or securing ustice are not denied to any citi*en 2y reason o0

economic or other disa2ilities9)

,9. Or+ani$ation o /i&&a+e an-!ayat$.

The !tate shall ta?e ste-s to organise village -anchayats and endo3 them 3ithsuch -o3ers and authority as may 2e necessary to ena2le them to 0unction as

units o0 sel05government9

,1. Ri+!t to 'or5) to ed"-ation and to "%&i- a$$i$tan-e in -ertain -a$e$.

The !tate shall, 3ithin the limits o0 its economic ca-acity and develo-ment,

ma?e e00ective -rovision 0or securing the right to 3or?, to education and to

-u2lic assistance in cases o0 unem-loyment, old age, sic?ness and disa2lement,

and in other cases o0 undeserved 3ant9

,#. Pro/i$ion or >"$t and !"mane -ondition$ o 'or5 and maternity re&ie.

The !tate shall ma?e -rovision 0or securing ust and humane conditions o0

3or? and 0or maternity relie09

,(. Li/in+ 'a+e) et-.) or 'or5er$.

The !tate shall endeavour to secure, 2y suita2le legislation or economic

Organisation or in any other 3ay, to all 3or?ers, agricultural, industrial or

other3ise, 3or?, a living 3age, conditions o0 3or? ensuring a decent standardo0 li0e and 0ull enoyment o0 leisure and social and cultural o--ortunities and, in

-articular, the !tate shall endeavour to -romote cottage industries on an

individual or co5o-erative 2asis in rural areas9

,(A. Parti-iation o 'or5er$ in mana+ement o ind"$trie$.


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The !tate shall ta?e ste-s, 2y suita2le legislation or in any other 3ay, to secure

the -artici-ation o0 3or?ers in the management o0 underta?ings, esta2lishments

or other organisations engaged in any industry9)

,,. Uniorm -i/i& -ode or t!e -iti3en$.

The !tate shall endeavour to secure 0or the citi*ens a uni0orm civil code

throughout the territory o0 India9

,2. Pro/i$ion or ree and -om"&$ory ed"-ation or -!i&dren.

The !tate shall endeavour to -rovide, 3ithin a -eriod o0 ten years 0rom the

commencement o0 this %onstitution, 0or 0ree and com-ulsory education 0or all

children until they com-lete the age o0 0ourteen years9

,4. Promotion o ed"-ationa& and e-onomi- intere$t$ o S-!ed"&ed Ca$te$)S-!ed"&ed Tri%e$ and ot!er 'ea5er $e-tion$.

The !tate shall -romote 3ith s-ecial care the educational and economic

interests o0 the 3ea?er sections o0 the -eo-le, and, in -articular, o0 the

!cheduled %astes and the !cheduled Tri2es, and shall -rotect them 0rom social

inustice and all 0orms o0 e1-loitation9

,6. D"ty o t!e State to rai$e t!e &e/e& o n"trition and t!e $tandard o

&i/in+ and to imro/e "%&i- !ea&t!.

The !tate shall regard the raising o0 the level o0 nutrition and the standard o0

living o0 its -eo-le and the im-rovement o0 -u2lic health as among its -rimary

duties and, in -articular, the !tate shall endeavour to 2ring a2out -rohi2ition o0

the consum-tion e1ce-t 0or medicinal -ur-oses o0 into1icating drin?s and o0

drugs 3hich are inurious to health9

,7. Or+ani$ation o a+ri-"&t"re and anima& !"$%andry.

The !tate shall endeavour to organise agriculture and animal hus2andry on

modern and scienti0ic lines and shall, in -articular, ta?e ste-s 0or -reserving andim-roving the 2reeds, and -rohi2iting the slaughter, o0 co3s and calves and

other milch and draught cattle9

,7A. Prote-tion and imro/ement o en/ironment and $ae+"ardin+ o

ore$t$ and 'i&d &ie.


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The !tate shall endeavour to -rotect and im-rove the environment and to

sa0eguard the 0orests and 3ild li0e o0 the country9)

,8. Prote-tion o mon"ment$ and &a-e$ and o%>e-t$ o nationa&

imortan-e.

It shall 2e the o2ligation o0 the !tate to -rotect every monument or -lace or

o2ect o0 artistic or historic interest, declared 2y or under la3 made 2y

Parliament)@96 to 2e o0 national im-ortance, 0rom s-oliation, dis0igurement,

destruction, removal, dis-osal or e1-ort, as the case may 2e9

29. Searation o >"di-iary rom e*e-"ti/e.

The !tate shall ta?e ste-s to se-arate the udiciary 0rom the e1ecutive in the

-u2lic services o0 the !tate9

21. Promotion o internationa& ea-e and $e-"rity.

Promotion o0 international -eace and security9 The !tate shall endeavour to5

:a; -romote international -eace and security.

:2; maintain ust and honoura2le relations 2et3een nations.

:c; 0oster res-ect 0or international la3 and treaty o2ligations in the dealings o0

organised -eo-les 3ith one another. and

:d; encourage settlement o0 international dis-utes 2y ar2itration9

PART =IA

FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES

21A. F"ndamenta& d"tie$.

It shall 2e the duty o0 every citi*en o0 India5

:a; to a2ide 2y the %onstitution and res-ect its ideals and institutions, the

National Flag and the National Anthem.

:2; to cherish and 0ollo3 the no2le ideals 3hich ins-ired our national struggle

0or 0reedom.


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:c; to u-hold and -rotect the sovereignty, unity and integrity o0 India.

:d; to de0end the country and render national service 3hen called u-on to do so.

:e; to -romote harmony and the s-irit o0 common 2rotherhood amongst all the

-eo-le o0 India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectionaldiversities. to renounce -ractices derogatory to the dignity o0 3omen.

:0; to value and -reserve the rich heritage o0 our com-osite culture.

:g; to -rotect and im-rove the natural environment including 0orests, la?es,

rivers and 3ild li0e, and to have com-assion 0or living creatures.

:h; to develo- the scienti0ic tem-er, humanism and the s-irit o0 in>uiry and

re0orm.

:i; to sa0eguard -u2lic -ro-erty and to a2ure violence.

:; to strive to3ards e1cellence in all s-heres o0 individual and collective

activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels o0 endeavour and

achievement9)

PART =

THE UNION

%HAPTE# I95THE EE%&TI"E The resident and !ice resident

2#. T!e Pre$ident o India.

There shall 2e a President o0 India9

2(. E*e-"ti/e o'er o t!e Union.

:6; The e1ecutive -o3er o0 the &nion shall 2e vested in the President and shall

2e e1ercised 2y him either directly or through o00icers su2ordinate to him inaccordance 3ith this %onstitution9

:


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:=; Nothing in this article shall5

:a; 2e deemed to trans0er to the President any 0unctions con0erred 2y any

e1isting la3 on the $overnment o0 any !tate or other authority. or

:2; -revent Parliament 0rom con0erring 2y la3 0unctions on authorities otherthan the President9

2,. E&e-tion o Pre$ident.

President shall 2e elected 2y the mem2ers o0 an electoral college consisting o05

:a; the elected mem2ers o0 2oth Houses o0 Parliament. and

:2; the elected mem2ers o0 the Legislative Assem2lies o0 the !tates9

E1-lanation95In this article and in article , C!tateC includes the National%a-ital Territory o0 Delhi and the &nion territory o0 Pondicherry9)9

22. Manner o e&e-tion o Pre$ident.

:6; As 0ar as -ractica2le, there shall 2e uni0ormity in the scale o0 re-resentation

o0 the di00erent !tates at the election o0 the President9

:uotient o2tained 2y

dividing the -o-ulation o0 the !tate 2y the total num2er o0 the elected mem2ers

o0 the Assem2ly.

:2; i0, a0ter taing the said multi-les o0 one thousand, the remainder is not lessthan 0ive hundred, then the vote o0 each mem2er re0erred to in su2clause :a;

shall 2e 0urther increased 2y one.

:c; each elected mem2er o0 either House o0 Parliament shall have such num2er

o0 votes as may 2e o2tained 2y dividing the total num2er o0 votes assigned to

the mem2ers o0 the Legislative Assem2lies o0 the !tates under su25clauses :a;


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and :2; 2y the total num2er o0 the elected mem2ers o0 2oth Houses o0

Parliament, 0ractions e1ceeding one5hal0 2eing counted as one and other

0ractions 2eing disregarded9

:=; The election o0 the President shall 2e held in accordance 3ith the system o0

-ro-ortional re-resentation 2y means o0 the single trans0era2le vote and thevoting at such election shall 2e 2y secret 2allot9

E1-lanation95In this article, the e1-ression C-o-ulationC means the -o-ulation

as ascertained at the last -receding census o0 3hich the relevant 0igures have

2een -u2lished+

Provided that the re0erence in this E1-lanation to the last -receding census o0

3hich the relevant 0igures have 2een -u2lished shall, until the relevant 0igures

0or the 0irst census taen a0ter the year


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:6; No -erson shall 2e eligi2le 0or election as President unless he5

:a; is a citi*en o0 India,

:2; has com-leted the age o0 thirty50ive years, and

:c; is >uali0ied 0or election as a mem2er o0 the House o0 the Peo-le9

:


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senior5most udge o0 the !u-reme %ourt availa2le, an oath or a00irmation in the

0ollo3ing 0orm, that is to say5

CI, A9(9, do :s3ear in the name o0 $od solemnly a00irm; that I 3ill 0aith0ully

e1ecute the o00ice o0 President :or discharge the 0unctions o0 the President; o0

India and 3ill to the 2est o0 my a2ility -reserve, -rotect and de0end the%onstitution and the la3 and that I 3ill devote mysel0 to the service and 3ell5

2eing o0 the -eo-le o0 India9

41. Pro-ed"re or imea-!ment o t!e Pre$ident.

:6; When a President is to 2e im-eached 0or violation o0 the %onstitution, the

charge shall 2e -re0erred 2y either House o0 Parliament9

:


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:


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44. E&e-tion o =i-e?Pre$ident.

:6; The "ice5President shall 2e elected 2y the mem2ers o0 an electoral college

consisting o0 the mem2ers o0 2oth Houses o0 Parliament) in accordance 3ith

the system o0 -ro-ortional re-resentation 2y means o0 the single trans0era2le

vote and the voting at such election shall 2e 2y secret 2allot,

:uali0ied 0or election as a mem2er o0 the %ouncil o0 !tates9

:8;A -erson shall not 2e eligi2le 0or election as "ice5President i0 he holds any

o00ice o0 -ro0it under the $overnment o0 India or the $overnment o0 any !tate

or under any local or other authority, su2ect to the control o0 any o0 the said

$overnments9

E1-lanation95 For the -ur-oses o0 this article, a -erson shall not 2e deemed to

hold any o00ice o0 -ro0it 2y reason only that he is the President or "ice5

President o0 the &nion or the $overnor o0 any !tate or is a 'inister either 0or

the &nion or 0or any !tate9

46. Term o oi-e o =i-e?Pre$ident.

The "ice5President shall hold o00ice 0or a term o0 0ive years 0rom the date on

3hich he enters u-on his o00ice+ Provided that5

:a; a "ice5President may, 2y 3riting under his hand addressed to the President,

resign his o00ice,

:2; a "ice5President may 2e removed 0rom his o00ice 2y a resolution o0 the

%ouncil o0 !tates -assed 2y a maority o0 all the then mem2ers o0 the %ouncil

and agreed to 2y the House o0 the Peo-le. 2ut no resolution 0or the -ur-ose o0


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this clause shall 2e moved unless at least 0ourteen daysJ notice has 2een given

o0 the intention to move the resolution.

:c; a "ice5President shall, not3ithstanding the e1-iration o0 his term, continue

to hold o00ice until his successor enters u-on his o00ice9

47. Time o !o&din+ e&e-tion to i&& /a-an-y in t!e oi-e o =i-e?Pre$ident

and t!e term o oi-e o er$on e&e-ted to i&& -a$"a& /a-an-y.

:6; An election to 0ill a vacancy caused 2y the e1-iration o0 the term o0 o00ice

o0 "ice5President shall 2e com-leted 2e0ore the e1-iration o0 the term9

:uired into and decided 2y the !u-reme

%ourt 3hose decision shall 2e 0inal9

:


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2e, on or 2e0ore the date o0 the decision o0 the !u-reme %ourt shall not 2e

invalidated 2y reason o0 that declaration9

:=;!u2ect to the -rovisions o0 this %onstitution, Parliament may 2y la3

regulate any matter relating to or connected 3ith the election o0 a President or

"ice5President9

:8;The election o0 a -erson as President or "ice5President shall not 2e called in

>uestion on the ground o0 the e1istence o0 any vacancy 0or 3hatever reason

among the mem2ers o0 the electoral college electing him9)

6#. Po'er o Pre$ident to +rant ardon$) et-.) and to $"$end) remit or

-omm"te $enten-e$ in -ertain -a$e$.

:6; The President shall have the -o3er to grant -ardons, re-rieves, res-ites or

remissions o0 -unishment or to sus-end, remit or commute the sentence o0 any-erson convicted o0 any o00ence5

:a; in all cases 3here the -unishment or sentence is 2y a %ourt 'artial.

:2; in all cases 3here the -unishment or sentence is 0or an o00ence against any

la3 relating to a matter to 3hich the e1ecutive -o3er o0 the &nion e1tends.

:c; in all cases 3here the sentence is a sentence o0 death9

:


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:; A 'inister 3ho 0or any -eriod o0 si1 consecutive months is not a mem2er

o0 either House o0 Parliament shall at the e1-iration o0 that -eriod cease to 2e a

'inister9

:B; The salaries and allo3ances o0 'inisters shall 2e such as Parliament may

0rom time to time 2y la3 determine and, until Parliament so determines, shall2e as s-eci0ied in the !econd !chedule9

The #ttorney$General for %ndia

64. Attorney?:enera& or India

:6; The President shall a--oint a -erson 3ho is >uali0ied to 2e a--ointed a

udge o0 the !u-reme %ourt to 2e Attorney5$eneral 0or India9

:


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:=; The President shall ma?e rules 0or the more convenient transaction o0 the

2usiness o0 the $overnment o0 India, and 0or the allocation among 'inisters o0

the said 2usiness9

67. D"tie$ o rime Mini$ter a$ re$e-t$ t!e "rni$!in+ o inormation to

t!e Pre$ident) et-.

It shall 2e the duty o0 the Prime 'inister5

:a; to communicate to the President all decisions o0 the %ouncil o0 'inisters

relating to the administration o0 the a00airs o0 the &nion and -ro-osals 0or

legislation.

:2; to 0urnish such in0ormation relating to the administration o0 the a00airs o0

the &nion and -ro-osals 0or legislation as the President may call 0or. and

:c; i0 the President so re>uires, to su2mit 0or the consideration o0 the %ouncil o0

'inisters any matter on 3hich a decision has 2een taen 2y a 'inister 2ut 3hich

has not 2een considered 2y the %ouncil9

%HAPTE# II95PA#LIA'ENT

General

68. Con$tit"tion o Par&iament.

There shall 2e a Parliament 0or the &nion 3hich shall consist o0 the President

and t3o Houses to 2e no3n res-ectively as the %ouncil o0 !tates and the House

o0 the Peo-le9

79. Como$ition o t!e Co"n-i& o State$.

:69 The %ouncil o0 !tates shall consist o05

:a; t3elve mem2ers to 2e nominated 2y the President in accordance 3ith the-rovisions o0 clause :=;. and

:2; not more than t3o hundred and thirty5eight re-resentatives o0 the !tates

and o0 the &nion territories)


34/340

:


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:=; In this article, the e1-ression C-o-ulationC means the -o-ulation as

ascertained at the last -receding census o0 3hich the relevant 0igures have 2een

-u2lished+

Provided that the re0erence in this clause to the last -receding census o0 3hich

the relevant 0igures have 2een -u2lished shall, until the relevant 0igures 0or the0irst census taen a0ter the year "$tment ater ea-! -en$"$.

&-on the com-letion o0 each census, the allocation o0 seats in the House o0 the

Peo-le to the !tates and the division o0 each !tate into territorial constituencies

shall 2e readusted 2y such authority and in such manner as Parliament may 2y

la3 determine+

Provided that such readustment shall not a00ect re-resentation in the House o0

the Peo-le until the dissolution o0 the then e1isting House+)

Provided 0urther that such readustment shall tae e00ect 0rom such date as the

President may, 2y order, !-eci0y and until such readustment taes e00ect, any

election to the House may 2e held on the 2asis o0 the territorial constituencies

e1isting 2e0ore such readustment+

Provided also that until the relevant 0igures 0or the 0irst census taen a0ter theyear


36/340

is in o-eration, 2e e1tended 2y Parliament 2y la3 0or a -eriod not e1ceeding

one year at a time and not e1tending in any case 2eyond a -eriod o0 si1 months

a0ter the Proclamation has ceased to o-erate9

7,. @"a&ii-ation or mem%er$!i o Par&iament.

A -erson shall not 2e >uali0ied to 2e chosen to 0ill a seat in Parliament unless

he5

:a; is a citi*en o0 India, and ma?es and su2scri2es 2e0ore some -erson

authorised in that 2ehal0 2y the Election %ommission an oath or a00irmation

according to the 0orm set out 0or the -ur-ose in the Third !chedule.)

:2;is, in the case o0 a seat in the %ouncil o0 !tates, not less than thirty years o0

age and, in the case o0 a seat in the House o0 the Peo-le, not less than t3enty50ive years o0 age. and

:c;-ossesses such other >uali0ications as may 2e -rescri2ed in that 2ehal0 2y or

under any la3 made 2y Parliament9

72. Se$$ion$ o Par&iament) roro+ation and di$$o&"tion.

:6; The President shall 0rom time to time summon each House o0 Parliament to

meet at such time and -lace as he thins 0it, 2ut si1 months shall not intervene2et3een its last sitting in one session and the date a--ointed 0or its 0irst sitting

in the ne1t session9

74. Ri+!t o Pre$ident to addre$$ and $end me$$a+e to Ho"$e$.

:6; The President may address either House o0 Parliament or 2oth Houses

assem2led together, and 0or that -ur-ose re>uire the attendance o0 mem2ers9

:uired 2y the message to 2e taen into consideration9

76. Se-ia& addre$$ %y t!e Pre$ident.

:6; At the commencement o0 the 0irst session a0ter each general election to the

House o0 the Peo-le and at the commencement o0 the 0irst session o0 each year)


37/340

the President shall address 2oth Houses o0 Parliament assem2led together and

in0orm Parliament o0 the causes o0 its summons9

:


38/340

81. Po'er o t!e De"ty C!airman or ot!er er$on to erorm t!e d"tie$

o t!e oi-e o) or to a-t a$) C!airman

:6; While the o00ice o0 %hairman is vacant, or during any -eriod 3hen the

"ice5President is acting as, or discharging the 0unctions o0, President, the duties

o0 the o00ice shall 2e -er0ormed 2y the De-uty %hairman, or, i0 the o00ice o0 theDe-uty %hairman is also vacant, 2y such mem2er o0 the %ouncil o0 !tates as

the President may a--oint 0or the -ur-ose9

:


39/340

A mem2er holding o00ice as or De-uty !-ea?er o0 the House o0 the Peo-le5 :a;

shall vacate his o00ice i0 he ceases to 2e a mem2er o0 the House o0 the Peo-le.

:2; may at any time, 2y 3riting under his hand addressed, i0 such mem2er is the

!-ea?er, to the De-uty !-ea?er, and i0 such mem2er is the De-uty !-ea?er, to

the !-ea?er, resign his o00ice. and

:c; may 2e removed 0rom his o00ice 2y a resolution o0 the House o0 the Peo-le

-assed 2y a maority o0 all the then mem2ers o0 the House +

Provided that no resolution 0or the -ur-ose o0 clause :c; shall 2e moved unless

at least 0ourteen daysJ notice has 2een given o0 the intention to move the

resolution+

Provided 0urther that, 3henever the House o0 the Peo-le is dissolved, the

!-ea?er shall not vacate his o00ice until immediately 2e0ore the 0irst meeting o0the House o0 the Peo-le a0ter the dissolution9

82. Po'er o t!e De"ty Sea5er or ot!er er$on to erorm t!e d"tie$ o

t!e oi-e o) or to a-t a$) Sea5er.

:6; While the o00ice o0 !-ea?er is vacant, the duties o0 the o00ice shall 2e

-er0ormed 2y the De-uty !-ea?er or, i0 the o00ice o0 De-uty !-ea?er is also

vacant, 2y such mem2er o0 the House o0 the Peo-le as the President may

a--oint 0or the -ur-ose9

:


40/340

every such sitting as they a--ly in relation to a sitting 0rom 3hich the !-ea?er,

or, as the case may 2e, the De-uty !-ea?er, is a2sent9

:uality o0 votes9

86. Sa&arie$ and a&&o'an-e$ o t!e C!airman and De"ty C!airman and

t!e Sea5er and De"ty Sea5er.

There shall 2e -aid to the %hairman and the De-uty %hairman o0 the %ouncil o0

!tates, and to the !-ea?er and the De-uty !-ea?er o0 the House o0 the Peo-le,such salaries and allo3ances as may 2e res-ectively 0i1ed 2y Parliament 2y la3

and, until -rovision in that 2ehal0 is so made, such salaries and allo3ances as

are s-eci0ied in the !econd !chedule9

87. Se-retariat o Par&iament.

:6; Each House o0 Parliament shall have a se-arate secretarial sta00 +

Provided that nothing in this clause shall 2e construed as -reventing the

creation o0 -osts common to 2oth Houses o0 Parliament9

:


41/340

Every mem2er o0 either House o0 Parliament shall, 2e0ore taing his seat, ma?e

and su2scri2e 2e0ore the President, or some -erson a--ointed in that 2ehal0 2y

him, an oath or a00irmation according to the 0orm set out 0or the -ur-ose in

the Third !chedule9

199. =otin+ in Ho"$e$) o'er o Ho"$e$ to a-t not'it!$tandin+ /a-an-ie$and 0"or"m.

:6; !ave as other3ise -rovided in this %onstitution, all >uestions at any sitting

o0 either House or oint sitting o0 the Houses shall 2e determined 2y a maority

o0 votes o0 the mem2ers -resent and voting, other than the !-ea?er or -erson

acting as %hairman or !-ea?er9 The %hairman or !-ea?er, or -erson acting as

such, shall not vote in the 0irst instance, 2ut shall have and e1ercise a casting

vote in the case o0 an e>uality o0 votes9

:uently that some -erson 3ho

3as not entitled so to do sat or voted or other3ise too -art in the -roceedings9

:=;&ntil Parliament 2y la3 other3ise -rovides, the >uorum to constitute a

meeting o0 either House o0 Parliament shall 2e one5tenth o0 the total num2er o0

mem2ers o0 the House9

:8;I0 at any time during a meeting o0 a House there is no >uorum, it shall 2e the

duty o0 the %hairman or !-ea?er, or -erson acting as such, either to adourn theHouse or to sus-end the meeting until there is a >uorum9

(isqualifications of mem)ers

191. =a-ation o $eat$.

:6; No -erson shall 2e a mem2er o0 2oth Houses o0 Parliament and -rovision

shall 2e made 2y Parliament 2y la3 0or the vacation 2y a -erson 3ho is chosen

a mem2er o0 2oth Houses o0 his seat in one House or the other9

:


42/340

:=; I0 a mem2er o0 either House o0 Parliament5

:a; 2ecomes su2ect to any o0 the dis>uali0ications mentioned in clause :6; or

clause :uiry as he thins 0it,

the %hairman or the !-ea?er, as the case may 2e, is satis0ied that such

resignation is not voluntary or genuine, he shall not acce-t such resignation9)

:8; I0 0or a -eriod o0 si1ty days a mem2er o0 either House o0 Parliament is

3ithout -ermission o0 the House a2sent 0rom all meetings thereo0, the House

may declare his seat vacant +

Provided that in com-uting the said -eriod o0 si1ty days no account shall 2e

taen o0 any -eriod during 3hich the House is -rorogued or is adourned 0or

more than 0our consecutive days9

19#. Di$0"a&ii-ation$ or mem%er$!i.

:6; A -erson shall 2e dis>uali0ied 0or 2eing chosen as, and 0or 2eing, a mem2er

o0 either House o0 Parliament5

:a; i0 he holds any o00ice o0 -ro0it under the $overnment o0 India or the

$overnment o0 any !tate, other than an o00ice declared 2y Parliament 2y la3

not to dis>uali0y its holder.

:2; i0 he is o0 unsound5 mind and stands so declared 2y a com-etent court.

:c; i0 he is an undischarged insolvent.

:d; i0 he is not a citi*en o0 India, or has voluntarily ac>uired the citi*enshi- o0 a

0oreign !tate, or is under any acno3ledgement o0 allegiance or adherence to a

0oreign !tate.

:e; i0 he is so dis>uali0ied 2y or under any la3 made 2y Parliament9


43/340

E1-lanation95 For the -ur-oses o0 this clause) a -erson shall not 2e deemed to

hold an o00ice o0 -ro0it under the $overnment o0 India or the $overnment o0

any !tate 2y reason only that he is a 'inister either 0or the &nion or 0or such

!tate9

:uali0ied 0or 2eing a mem2er o0 either House o0Parliament i0 he is so dis>uali0ied under the Tenth !chedule9)

19(. De-i$ion on 0"e$tion$ a$ to di$0"a&ii-ation$ o mem%er$.

:6; I0 any >uestion arises as to 3hether a mem2er o0 either House o0

Parliament has 2ecome su2ect to any o0 the dis>uali0ications mentioned in

clause :6; o0article 6< , the >uestion shall 2e re0erred 0or the decision o0 the

President and his decision shall 2e 0inal9

:uestion, the President shall o2tain

the o-inion o0 the Election %ommission and shall act according to such

o-inion9)

19,. Pena&ty or $ittin+ and /otin+ %eore main+ oat! or airmation "nder

arti-&e 88 or '!en not 0"a&iied or '!en di$0"a&iied.

I0 a -erson sits or votes as a mem2er o0 either House o0 Parliament 2e0ore he

has com-lied 3ith the re>uirements o0 article 77 , or 3hen he no3s that he isnot >uali0ied or that he is dis>uali0ied 0or mem2ershi- there o0, or that he is

-rohi2ited 0rom so doing 2y the -rovisions o0 any la3 made 2y Parliament, he

shall 2e lia2le in res-ect o0 each day on 3hich he so sits or votes to a -enalty o0

0ive hundred ru-ees to 2e recovered as a de2t due to the &nion9

owers* rivileges and %mmunities of arliament and its "em)ers

192. Po'er$) ri/i&e+e$) et-.) o t!e Ho"$e$ o Par&iament and o t!e

mem%er$ and -ommittee$ t!ereo.

:6; !u2ect to the -rovisions o0 this %onstitution and to the rules and standing

orders regulating the -rocedure o0 Parliament, there shall 2e 0reedom o0 s-eech

in Parliament9

:


44/340

committee thereo0, and no -erson shall 2e so lia2le in res-ect o0 the -u2lication

2y or under the authority o0 either House o0 Parliament o0 any re-ort, -a-er,

votes or -roceedings9

:=; In other res-ects, the -o3ers, -rivileges and immunities o0 each House o0

Parliament, and o0 the mem2ers and the committees o0 each House, shall 2esuch as may 0rom time to time 2e de0ined 2y Parliament 2y la3, and, until so

de0ined, shall 2e those o0 that House and o0 its mem2ers and committees

immediately 2e0ore the coming into 0orce o0 section 6 o0 the %onstitution

:Forty50ourth Amendment; Act, 67@)

:8; The -rovisions o0 clauses :6;, :


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:8; A (ill -ending in the %ouncil o0 !tates 3hich has not 2een -assed 2y the

House o0 the Peo-le shall not la-se on a dissolution o0 the House o0 the Peo-le9

:; A (ill 3hich is -ending in the House o0 the Peo-le, or 3hich having 2een

-assed 2y the House o0 the Peo-le is -ending in the %ouncil o0 !tates, shall,

su2ect to the -rovisions o0 article 6, la-se on a dissolution o0 the House o0the Peo-le9

197. oint $ittin+ o %ot! Ho"$e$ in -ertain -a$e$.

:6; I0 a0ter a (ill has 2een -assed 2y one House and transmitted to the other

House5

:a; the (ill is reected 2y the other House. or

:2; the Houses have 0inally disagreed as to the amendments to 2e made in the

(ill. or

:c; more than si1 months ela-se 0rom the date o0 the rece-tion o0 the (ill 2y the

other House 3ithout the (ill 2eing -assed 2y it,

the President may, unless the (ill has ela-sed 2y reason o0 a dissolution o0 the

House o0 the Peo-le, noti0y to the Houses 2y message i0 they are sitting or 2y

-u2lic noti0ication i0 they are not sitting, his intention to summon them to meet

in a oint sitting 0or the -ur-ose o0 deli2erating and voting on the (ill+

Provided that nothing in this clause shall a--ly to a 'oney (ill9

:


46/340

:8; I0 at the oint sitting o0 the t3o Houses the (ill, 3ith such amendments, i0

any, as are agreed to in oint sitting, is -assed 2y a maority o0 the total num2er

o0 mem2ers o0 2oth Houses -resent and voting, it shall 2e deemed 0or the

-ur-oses o0 this %onstitution to have 2een -assed 2y 2oth Houses+

Provided that at a oint sitting5

:a; i0 the (ill, having 2een -assed 2y one House, has not 2een -assed 2y the

other House 3ith amendments and returned to the House in 3hich it originated,

no amendment shall 2e -ro-osed to the (ill other than such amendments :i0

any; as are made necessary 2y the delay in the -assage o0 the (ill.

:2; i0 the (ill has 2een so -assed and returned, only such amendments as

a0oresaid shall 2e -ro-osed to the (ill and such other amendments as are

relevant to the matters 3ith res-ect to 3hich the Houses have not agreed.

and the decision o0 the -erson -residing as to the amendments 3hich are

admissi2le under this clause shall 2e 0inal9

:; A oint sitting may 2e held under this article and a (ill -assed thereat,

not3ithstanding that a dissolution o0 the House o0 the Peo-le has intervened

since the President noti0ied his intention to summon the Houses to meet therein9

198. Se-ia& ro-ed"re in re$e-t o Money Bi&&$.

:6; A 'oney (ill shall not 2e introduced in the %ouncil o0 !tates9

:


47/340

2oth Houses in the 0orm in 3hich it 3as -assed 2y the House o0 the Peo-le

3ithout any o0 the amendments recommended 2y the %ouncil o0 !tates9

:; I0 a 'oney (ill -assed 2y the House o0 the Peo-le and transmitted to the

%ouncil o0 !tates 0or its recommendations is not returned to the House o0 the

Peo-le 3ithin the said -eriod o0 0ourteen days, it shall 2e deemed to have 2een-assed 2y 2oth Houses at the e1-iration o0 the said -eriod in the 0orm in 3hich

it 3as -assed 2y the House o0 the Peo-le9

119. Deinition o Money Bi&&$.

:6; For the -ur-oses o0 this %ha-ter, a (ill shall 2e deemed to 2e a 'oney (ill

i0 it contains only -rovisions dealing 3ith all or any o0 the 0ollo3ing matters,

namely+5

:a; the im-osition, a2olition, remission, alteration or regulation o0 any ta1.

:2; the regulation o0 the 2orro3ing o0 money or the giving o0 any guarantee 2y

the $overnment o0 India, or the amendment o0 the la3 3ith res-ect to any

0inancial o2ligations undertaen or to 2e undertaen 2y the $overnment o0 India.

:c; the custody o0 the %onsolidated Fund or the %ontingency Fund o0 India, the

-ayment o0 moneys into or the 3ithdra3al o0 moneys 0rom any such Fund.

:d; the a--ro-riation o0 moneys out o0 the %onsolidated Fund o0 India.

:e; the declaring o0 any e1-enditure to 2e e1-enditure charged on the

%onsolidated Fund o0 India or the increasing o0 the amount o0 any such

e1-enditure.

:0; the recei-t o0 money on account o0 the %onsolidated Fund o0 India or the

-u2lic account o0 India or the custody or issue o0 such money or the audit o0 the

accounts o0 the &nion or o0 a !tate. or

:g; any matter incidental to any o0 the matters s-eci0ied in su25clauses :a; to :0;9

:


48/340

reason that it -rovides 0or the im-osition, a2olition, remission, alteration or

regulation o0 any ta1 2y any local authority or 2ody 0or local -ur-oses9

:=; I0 any >uestion arises 3hether a (ill is a 'oney (ill or not, the decision o0

the !-ea?er o0 the House o0 the Peo-le thereon shall 2e 0inal9

:8; There shall 2e endorsed on every 'oney (ill 3hen it is transmitted to the

%ouncil o0 !tates under article 67 , and 3hen it is -resented to the President

0or assent under article 666 ,the certi0icate o0 the !-ea?er o0 the House o0 the

Peo-le signed 2y him that it is a 'oney (ill9

111. A$$ent to Bi&&$.

When a (ill has 2een -assed 2y the Houses o0 Parliament, it shall 2e -resented

to the President, and the President shall declare either that he assents to the (ill,or that he 3ithholds assent there0rom+

Provided that the President may, as soon as -ossi2le a0ter the -resentation to

him o0 a (ill 0or assent, return the (ill i0 it is not a 'oney (ill to the Houses

3ith a message re>uesting that they 3ill reconsider the (ill or any s-eci0ied

-rovisions thereo0 and, in -articular, 3ill consider the desira2ility o0

introducing any such amendments as he may recommend in his message, and

3hen a (ill is so returned, the Houses shall reconsider the (ill accordingly, and

i0 the (ill is -assed again 2y the Houses 3ith or 3ithout amendment and

-resented to the President 0or assent, the President shall not 3ithhold assentthere0rom9

rocedure in Financial "atters

11#. Ann"a& inan-ia& $tatement.

:6; The President shall in res-ect o0 every 0inancial year cause to 2e laid 2e0ore

2oth the Houses o0 Parliament a statement o0 the estimated recei-ts and

e1-enditure o0 the $overnment o0 India 0or that year, in this Part re0erred to asthe Cannual 0inancial statementC9

:


49/340

:a; the sums re>uired to meet e1-enditure descri2ed 2y this %onstitution as

e1-enditure charged u-on the %onsolidated Fund o0 India. and

:2; the sums re>uired to meet other e1-enditure -ro-osed to 2e made 0rom the

%onsolidated Fund o0 India,

and shall distinguish e1-enditure on revenue account 0rom other e1-enditure9

:=;The 0ollo3ing e1-enditure shall 2e e1-enditure charged on the %onsolidated

Fund o0 India5

:a; the emoluments and allo3ances o0 the President and other e1-enditure

relating to his o00ice.

:2;the salaries and allo3ances o0 the %hairman and the De-uty %hairman o0 the

%ouncil o0 !tates and the !-ea?er and the De-uty !-ea?er o0 the House o0 thePeo-le.

:c; de2t charges 0or 3hich the $overnment o0 India is lia2le including interest,

sining 0und charges and redem-tion charges, and other e1-enditure relating to

the raising o0 loans and the service and redem-tion o0 de2t.

:d; :i; the salaries, allo3ances and -ensions -aya2le to or in res-ect o0 udges

o0 the !u-reme %ourt.

:ii; the -ensions -aya2le to or in res-ect o0 udges o0 the Federal %ourt.

:iii; the -ensions -aya2le to or in res-ect o0 udges o0 any High %ourt 3hich

e1ercises urisdiction in relation to any area included in the territory o0 India or

3hich at any time 2e0ore the commencement o0 this %onstitution e1ercised

urisdiction in relation to any area included in a $overnorJs Province o0 the

Dominion o0 India).

:e; the salary, allo3ances and -ension -aya2le to or in res-ect o0 the

%om-troller and Auditor $eneral o0 India.

:0; any sums re>uired to satis0y any udgment, decree or a3ard o0 any court or

ar2itral tri2unal.

:g; any other e1-enditure declared 2y this %onstitution or 2y Parliament 2y la3

to 2e so charged9


50/340

11(. Pro-ed"re in Par&iament 'it! re$e-t to e$timate$.

:6; !o much o0 the estimates as relates to e1-enditure charged u-on the

%onsolidated Fund o0 India shall not 2e su2mitted to the vote o0 Parliament, 2ut

nothing in this clause shall 2e construed as -reventing the discussion in either

House o0 Parliament o0 any o0 those estimates9

:uired to

meet5

:a; the grants so made 2y the House o0 the Peo-le. and

:2; the e1-enditure charged on the %onsolidated Fund o0 India 2ut not

e1ceeding in any case the amount sho3n in the statement -reviously laid 2e0ore

Parliament9

:


51/340

112. S"&ementary) additiona& or e*-e$$ +rant$.

:6; The President shall5

:a; i0 the amount authorised 2y any la3 made in accordance 3ith the -rovisions

o0 article 668 to 2e e1-ended 0or a -articular service 0or the current 0inancialyear is 0ound to 2e insu00icient 0or the -ur-oses o0 that year or 3hen a need has

arisen during the current 0inancial year 0or su--lementary or additional

e1-enditure u-on some ne3 service not contem-lated in the annual 0inancial

statement 0or that year, or

:2;i0 any money has 2een s-ent on any service during a 0inancial year in e1cess

o0 the amount granted 0or that service and 0or that year,

cause to 2e laid 2e0ore 2oth the Houses o0 Parliament another statement

sho3ing the estimated amount o0 that e1-enditure or cause to 2e -resented tothe House o0 the Peo-le a demand 0or such e1cess, as the case may 2e9

:


52/340

:c; to ma?e an e1ce-tional grant 3hich 0orms no -art o0 the current service o0

any 0inancial year.

and Parliament shall have -o3er to authorise 2y la3 the 3ithdra3al o0 moneys

0rom the %onsolidated Fund o0 India 0or the -ur-oses 0or 3hich the said grants

are made9

:uired under this clause 0or the

moving o0 an amendment maing -rovision 0or the reduction or a2olition o0 any

ta19

:


53/340

117. R"&e$ o ro-ed"re.

:6; Each House o0 Parliament may ma?e rules 0or regulating, su2ect to the

-rovisions o0 this %onstitution, its -rocedure and the conduct o0 its 2usiness9

:


54/340

mem2er 3ho cannot ade>uately e1-ress himsel0 in Hindi or in English to

address the House in his mother5tongue9

:


55/340

e1-iration o0 that -eriod resolutions disa--roving it are -assed 2y 2oth Houses,

u-on the -assing o0 the second o0 those resolutions. and

:2; may 2e 3ithdra3n at any time 2y the President9

E1-lanation95Where the Houses o0 Parliament are summoned to reassem2le ondi00erent dates, the -eriod o0 si1 3ees shall 2e reconed 0rom the later o0 those

dates 0or the -ur-oses o0 this clause9

:=; I0 and so 0ar as an Ordinance under this article ma?es any -rovision 3hich

Parliament 3ould not under this %onstitution 2e com-etent to enact, it shall 2e

void9

%HAPTE# I"95 THE &NION &DI%IA#/

1#,. E$ta%&i$!ment and Con$tit"tion o S"reme Co"rt.

:6; There shall 2e a !u-reme %ourt o0 India consisting o0 a %hie0 ustice o0

India and, until Parliament 2y la3 -rescri2es a larger num2er, o0 not more than

seven other udges9

:


56/340

:a; has 2een 0or at least 0ive years a udge o0 the High %ourt or o0 t3o or more

such %ourts in succession. or

:2; has 2een 0or at least ten years an advocate o0 a High %ourt or o0 t3o more

such %ourts in succession. or

:c; is, in the o-inion o0 the President, a distinguished urist9

E1-lanation I95In this clause CHigh %ourtC means a High %ourt 3hich

e1ercises, or 3hich at any time 2e0ore the commencement o0 this %onstitution

e1ercised, urisdiction in any -art o0 the territory o0 India9

E1-lanation II95In com-uting 0or the -ur-ose o0 this clause the -eriod during

3hich a -erson has 2een an advocate, any -eriod during 3hich a -erson has

held udicial o00ice not in0erior to that o0 a district udge a0ter he 2ecame an

advocate shall 2e included9

:8; A udge o0 the !u-reme %ourt shall not 2e removed 0rom his o00ice e1ce-t

2y an order o0 the President -assed a0ter an address 2y each House o0

Parliament su--orted 2y a maority o0 the total mem2ershi- o0 that House and

2y a maority o0 not less than t3o5thirds o0 the mem2ers o0 that House sent and

voting has 2een -resented to the President in the same session 0or such removal

on the ground o0 -roved mis2ehaviour or inca-acity9

:; Parliament may 2y la3 regulate the -rocedure 0or the -resentation o0 an

address and 0or the investigation and -roo0 o0 the mis2ehaviour or inca-acity o0a udge under clause :8;9

:B; Every -erson a--ointed to 2e a udge o0 the !u-reme %ourt shall, 2e0ore he

enters u-on his o00ice, ma?e and su2scri2e 2e0ore the President, or some -erson

a--ointed in that 2ehal0 2y him, an oath or a00irmation according to the 0orm

set out 0or the -ur-ose in the Third !chedule9

:@; No -erson 3ho has held o00ice as a udge o0 the !u-reme %ourt shall -lead

or act in any court or 2e0ore any authority 3ithin the territory o0 India9

1#2. Sa&arie$) et-.) o "d+e$.

:6; There shall 2e -aid to the udges o0 the !u-reme %ourt such salaries as

may 2e determined 2y Parliament 2y la3 and, until -rovision in that 2ehal0 is

so made, such salaries as are s-eci0ied in the !econd !chedule9)


57/340

:uorum o0 the udges o0 the !u-reme

%ourt availa2le to hold or continue any session o0 the %ourt, the %hie0 ustice

o0 India may, 3ith the -revious consent o0 the President and a0ter consultation

3ith the %hie0 ustice o0 the High %ourt concerned, re>uest in 3riting the

attendance at the sittings o0 the %ourt, as an ad hoc udge, 0or such -eriod as

may 2e necessary, o0 a udge o0 a High %ourt duly >uali0ied 0or a--ointment asa udge o0 the !u-reme %ourt to 2e designated 2y the %hie0 ustice o0 India9

:uired, and 3hile so attending

he shall have all the urisdiction, -o3ers and -rivileges, and shall discharge the

duties, o0 a udge o0 the !u-reme %ourt9

1#7. Attendan-e o retired "d+e$ at $ittin+$ o t!e S"reme Co"rt.

Not3ithstanding anything in this %ha-ter, the %hie0 ustice o0 India may at any

time, 3ith the -revious consent o0 the President, re>uest any -erson 3ho has

held the o00ice o0 a udge o0 the !u-reme %ourt or o0 the Federal %ourt or 3ho

has held the o00ice o0 a udge o0 a High %ourt and is duly >uali0ied 0or

a--ointment as a udge o0 the !u-reme %ourt to sit and act as a udge o0 the

!u-reme %ourt, and every such -erson so re>uested shall, 3hile so sitting and


58/340

acting, 2e entitled to such allo3ances as the President may 2y order determine

and have all the urisdiction, -o3ers and -rivileges o0, 2ut shall not other3ise

2e deemed to 2e, a udge o0 that %ourt +

Provided that nothing in this article shall 2e deemed to re>uire any such -erson

as a0oresaid to sit and act as a ude o0 that %ourt unless he consents so to do9

1#8. S"reme Co"rt to %e a -o"rt o re-ord.

The !u-reme %ourt shall 2e a court o0 record and shall have all the -o3ers o0

such a court including the -o3er to -unish 0or contem-t o0 itsel09

1(9. Seat o S"reme Co"rt.

The !u-reme %ourt shall sit in Delhi or in such other -lace or -laces, as the%hie0 ustice o0 India may, 3ith the a--roval o0 the President, 0rom time to

time, a--oint9

1(1. Ori+ina& >"ri$di-tion o t!e S"reme Co"rt.

!u2ect to the -rovisions o0 this %onstitution, the !u-reme %ourt shall, to the

e1clusion o0 any other court, have original urisdiction in any dis-ute5

:a; 2et3een the $overnment o0 India and one or more !tates. or

:2; 2et3een the $overnment o0 India and any !tate or !tates on one side and

one or more other !tates on the other. or

:c; 2et3een t3o or more !tates,

i0 and in so 0ar as the dis-ute involves any >uestion :3hether o0 la3 or 0act; on

3hich the e1istence or e1tent o0 a legal right de-ends+

Provided that the said urisdiction shall not e1tend to a dis-ute arising out o0

any treaty, agreement, covenant, engagement, sanad or other similar instrument

3hich, having 2een entered into or e1ecuted 2e0ore the commencement o0 this

%onstitution, continues in o-eration a0ter such commencement, or 3hich

-rovides that the said urisdiction shall not e1tend to such a dis-ute9)

1(1A. ;Reea&ed.


59/340

6=6A 9E1clusive urisdiction o0 the !u-reme %ourt in regard to >uestions as to

constitutional validity o0 %entral la3s9) #e-9 2y the %onstitution :Forty5third

Amendment; Act, 67@@, s9 8 :39e909 6=58567@;9

1(#. Ae&&ate >"ri$di-tion o S"reme Co"rt in Aea&$ rom Hi+! Co"rt$in -ertain -a$e$.

:6; An a--eal shall lie to the !u-reme %ourt 0rom any udgment, decree or 0inal

order o0 a High %ourt in the territory o0 India, 3hether in a civil, criminal or

other -roceeding, i0 the High %ourt certi0ies under article 6=8A ) that the case

involves a su2stantial >uestion o0 la3 as to the inter-retation o0 this

%onstitution9

:=; Where such a certi0icate is given, any -arty in the case may a--eal to the

!u-reme %ourt on the ground that any such >uestion as a0ore said has 2een3rongly decided

E1-lanation95For the -ur-oses o0 this article. the e1-ression C0inal order C

includes an order deciding an issue 3hich, i0 decided in 0avour o0 the a--ellant,

3ould 2e su00icient 0or the 0inal dis-osal o0 the case9

1((. Ae&&ate >"ri$di-tion o S"reme Co"rt in aea&$ rom Hi+! Co"rt$

in re+ard to -i/i& matter$.

:6; 6An a--eal shall lie to the !u-reme %ourt 0rom any udgment, decree or

0inal order in a civil -roceeding o0 a High %ourt in the territory o0 India i0 the

High %ourt certi0ies under article 6=8A )

:a; that the case involves a su2stantial >uestion o0 la3 o0 general im-ortance.

and

:2; that in the o-inion o0 the High %ourt the said >uestion needs to 2e decided

2y the !u-reme %ourt9)

:uestion o0 la3 as to the inter-retation o0 this %onstitution has

2een 3rongly decided9


60/340

:=; Not3ithstanding anything in this article, no a--eal shall, unless Parliament

2y la3 other3ise -rovides, lie to the !u-reme %ourt 0rom the udgment, decree

or 0inal order o0 one udge o0 a High %ourt9

1(,. Ae&&ate o >"ri$di-tion o S"reme Co"rt in re+ard to -rimina&matter$.

:6; An a--eal shall lie to the !u-reme %ourt 0rom any udgment, 0inal order or

sentence in a criminal -roceeding o0 a High %ourt in the territory o0 India i0 the

High %ourt5

:a; has on a--eal reversed an order o0 ac>uittal o0 an accused -erson and

sentenced him to death. or

:2; has 3ithdra3n 0or trial 2e0ore itsel0 any case 0rom any court su2ordinate toits authority and has in such trial convicted the accused -erson and sentenced

him to death. or

:c; certi0ies under article 6=8A ) that the case is a 0it one 0or a--eal to the

!u-reme %ourt+

Provided that an a--eal under su25clause :c; shall lie su2ect to such -rovisions

as may 2e made in that 2ehal0 under clause :6; o0 article 68 and to such

conditions as the High %ourt may esta2lish or re>uire9

:


61/340

:2; shall, i0 an oral a--lication is made, 2y or on 2ehal0 o0 the -arty aggrieved,

immediately a0ter the -assing or maing o0 such udgment, decree, 0inal order or

sentence,

determine, as soon as may 2e a0ter such -assing or ma?ing, the >uestion

3hether a certi0icate o0 the nature re0erred to in clause :6; o0 article 6=< , orclause :6; o0 article 6== or, as the case may 2e, su25clause :c; o0 clause :6;

o0 article 6=8 , may 2e given in res-ect o0 that case9)

1(2. "ri$di-tion and o'er$ o t!e Federa& Co"rt "nder e*i$tin+ &a' to %e

e*er-i$a%&e %y t!e S"reme Co"rt.

&ntil Parliament 2y la3 other3ise -rovides, the !u-reme %ourt shall also have

urisdiction and -o3ers 3ith res-ect to any matter to 3hich the -rovisions

o0article 6== or article 6=8 do not a--ly i0 urisdiction and -o3ers in relation tothat matter 3ere e1ercisa2le 2y the Federal %ourt immediately 2e0ore the

commencement o0 this %onstitution under any e1isting la39

1(4. Se-ia& &ea/e to aea& %y t!e S"reme Co"rt.

:6;Not3ithstanding anything in this %ha-ter, the !u-reme %ourt may, in its

discretion, grant s-ecial leave to a--eal 0rom any udgment, decree,

determination, sentence or order in any cause or matter -assed or made 2y any

court or tri2unal in the territory o0 India9

:


62/340

:uo 3arranto and certiorari, or any o0 them, 0or any -ur-oses other

than those mentioned in clause :uestions o0 la3

are -ending 2e0ore the !u-reme %ourt and one or more High %ourts or 2e0ore

t3o or more High %ourts and the !u-reme %ourt is satis0ied on its o3n motion

or on an a--lication made 2y the Attorney5$eneral o0 India or 2y a -arty to any

such case that such >uestions are su2stantial >uestions o0 general im-ortance,

the !u-reme %ourt may 3ithdra3 the case or cases -ending 2e0ore the High

%ourt or the High %ourts and dis-ose o0 all the cases itsel0 +

Provided that the !u-reme %ourt may a0ter determining the said >uestions o0la3 return any case so 3ithdra3n together 3ith a co-y o0 its udgment on such

>uestions to the High %ourt 0rom 3hich the case has 2een 3ithdra3n, and the

High %ourt shall on recei-t thereo0, -roceed to dis-ose o0 the case in

con0ormity 3ith such udgment9)

:


63/340

1,#. Enor-ement o de-ree$ and order$ o S"reme Co"rt and order$ a$

to di$-o/ery) et-.

:6; The !u-reme %ourt in the e1ercise o0 its urisdiction may -ass such decree

or ma?e such order as is necessary 0or doing com-lete ustice in any cause ormatter -ending 2e0ore it, and any decree so -assed or order so made shall 2e

en0orcea2le throughout the territory o0 India in such manner as may 2e

-rescri2ed 2y or under any la3 made 2y Parliament and, until -rovision in that

2ehal0 is so made, in such manner as the President may 2y order -rescri2e9

:


64/340

1,2. R"&e$ o Co"rt) et-.

:6; !u2ect to the -rovisions o0 any la3 made 2y Parliament, the !u-reme

%ourt may 0rom time to time, 3ith the a--roval o0 the President, ma?e rules 0orregulating generally the -ractice and -rocedure o0 the %ourt including5

:a; rules as to the -ersons -ractising 2e0ore the %ourt.

:2; rules as to the -rocedure 0or hearing a--eals and other matters -ertaining to

a--eals including the time 3ithin 3hich a--eals to the %ourt are to 2e entered.

:c; rules as to the -roceedings in the %ourt 0or the en0orcement o0 any o0 the

rights con0erred 2y Part III.

:cc; rules as to the -roceedings in the %ourt under article 6=7A ).)

:d; rules as to the entertainment o0 a--eals under su25clause :c; o0 clause :6;

o0 article 6=8 .

:e; rules as to the conditions su2ect to 3hich any udgment -ronounced or

order made 2y the %ourt may 2e revie3ed and the -rocedure 0or such revie3

including the time 3ithin 3hich a--lications to the %ourt 0or such revie3 are to

2e entered.

:0; rules as to the costs o0 and incidental to, any -roceedings in the %ourt and as

to the 0ees to 2e charged in res-ect o0 -roceedings therein.

:g; rules as to the granting o0 2ail.

:h; rules as to stay o0 -roceedings.

:i; rules -roviding 0or the summary determination o0 any a--eal 3hich a--ears

to the %ourt to 2e 0rivolous or ve1atious or 2rought 0or the -ur-ose o0 delay.

:; rules as to the -rocedure 0or in>uiries re0erred to in clause :6; o0 article =6@ 9

:


65/340

:=; The minimum num2er) o0 udges 3ho are to sit 0or the -ur-ose o0 deciding

any case involving a su2stantial >uestion o0 la3 as to the inter-retation o0 this

%onstitution or 0or the -ur-ose o0 hearing any re0erence under article 68= shall

2e 0ive+

Provided that, 3here the %ourt hearing an a--eal under any o0 the -rovisions o0this %ha-ter other than article 6=< consists o0 less than 0ive udges and in the

course o0 the hearing o0 the a--eal the %ourt is satis0ied that the a--eal

involves a su2stantial >uestion o0 la3 as to the inter-retation o0 this

%onstitution the determination o0 3hich is necessary 0or the dis-osal o0 the

a--eal, such %ourt shall re0er the >uestion 0or o-inion to a %ourt constituted as

re>uired 2y this clause 0or the -ur-ose o0 deciding any case involving such a

>uestion and shall on recei-t o0 the o-inion dis-ose o0 the a--eal in con0ormity

3ith such o-inion9

:8;No udgment shall 2e delivered 2y the !u-reme %ourt save in o-en %ourt,and no re-ort shall 2e made under article 68= save in accordance 3ith an

o-inion also delivered in o-en %ourt9

:;No udgment and no such o-inion shall 2e delivered 2y the !u-reme %ourt

save 3ith the concurrence o0 a maority o0 the udges -resent at the hearing o0

the case, 2ut nothing in this clause shall 2e deemed to -revent a udge 3ho

does not concur 0rom delivering a dissenting udgment or o-inion9

1,4. Oi-er$ and $er/ant$ and t!e e*en$e$ o t!e S"reme Co"rt.

:6; A--ointments o0 o00icer and servants o0 the !u-reme %ourt shall 2e made

2y the %hie0 ustice o0 India or such other udge or o00icer o0 the %ourt as he

may direct +

Provided that the President may 2y rule re>uire that in such cases as may 2e

s-eci0ied in the rule, no -erson not already attached to the %ourt shall 2e

a--ointed to any o00ice connected 3ith the %ourt, save a0ter consultation 3ith

the &nion Pu2lic !ervice %ommission9

:


66/340

Provided that the rules made under this clause shall, so 0ar as they relate to

salaries, allo3ances, leave or -ensions, re>uire the a--roval o0 the President9

:=;The administrative e1-enses o0 the !u-reme %ourt, including all salaries,

allo3ances and -ensions -aya2le to or in res-ect o0 the o00icers and servants o0

the %ourt, shall 2e charged u-on the %onsolidated Fund o0 India, and any 0eesor other moneys ta?en 2y the %ourt shall 0orm -art o0 that Fund9

1,6. Interretation.

In this %ha-ter and in %ha-ter " o0 Part "I, re0erences to any su2stantial

>uestion o0 la3 as to the inter-retation o0 this %onstitution shall 2e construed as

including re0erences to any su2stantial >uestion o0 la3 as to the inter-retation

o0 the $overnment o0 India Act, 67= :including any enactment amending or

su--lementing that Act;, or o0 any Order in %ouncil or order made thereunder,or o0 the Indian Inde-endence Act, 678@, or o0 any order made thereunder9

%HAPTE# "95%O'PT#OLLE# AND A&DITO#5$ENE#AL OF INDIA

1,7. Comtro&&er and A"ditor :enera& o India

: 6; There shall 2e a %om-troller and Auditor5$eneral o0 India 3ho shall 2e

a--ointed 2y the President 2y 3arrant under his hand and seal and shall only 2e

removed 0rom o00ice in li?e manner and on the li?e grounds as a udge o0 the

!u-reme %ourt9

:


67/340

:8; The %om-troller and Auditor5$eneral shall not 2e eligi2le 0or 0urther o00ice

either under the $overnment o0 India or under the $overnment o0 any !tate

a0ter he has ceased to hold his o00ice9

:; !u2ect to the -rovisions o0 this %onstitution and o0 any la3 made 2y

Parliament, the conditions o0 service o0 -ersons serving in the Indian Audit andAccounts De-artment and the administrative -o3ers o0 the %om-troller and

Auditor5$eneral shall 2e such as may 2e -rescri2ed 2y rules made 2y the

President a0ter consultation 3ith the %om-troller and Auditor5$eneral9

:B; The administrative e1-enses o0 the o00ice o0 the %om-troller and Auditor5

$eneral, including all salaries, allo3ances and -ensions -aya2le to or in res-ect

o0 -ersons serving in that o00ice, shall 2e charged u-on the %onsolidated Fund

o0 India9

1,8. D"tie$ and o'er$ o t!e Comtro&&er and A"ditor?:enera&.

The %om-troller and Auditor5$eneral shall -er0orm such duties and e1ercise

such -o3ers in relation to the accounts o0 the &nion and o0 the !tates and o0

any other authority or 2ody as may 2e -rescri2ed 2y or under any la3 made 2y

Parliament and, until -rovision in that 2ehal0 is so made, shall -er0orm such

duties and e1ercise such -o3ers in relation to the accounts o0 the &nion and o0

the !tates as 3ere con0erred on or e1ercisa2le 2y the Auditor$eneral o0 India

immediately 2e0ore the commencement o0 this %onstitution in relation to the

accounts o0 the Dominion o0 India and o0 the Provinces res-ectively9

129. Form o a--o"nt$ o t!e Union and o t!e State$.

From o0 accounts o0 the &nion and o0 the !tates9 The accounts o0 the &nion

and o0 the !tates shall 2e ?e-t in such 0orm as the President may, on the advice

o0) the %om-troller and Auditor$eneral o0 India, -rescri2e9)

121. A"dit reort$.

:6; The re-orts o0 the %om-troller and Auditor$eneral o0 India relating to the

accounts o0 the &nion shall 2e su2mitted to the President, 3ho shall cause them

to 2e laid 2e0ore each House o0 Parliament9


68/340

:uires, the e1-ression C!tateC does

not include the !tate o0 ammu and ashmir)9

%HAPTE# II95THE EE%&TI"E

The Governor

12(. :o/ernor$ o State.

!tates9 There shall 2e a $overnor 0or each !tate+ more Provided that nothing in

this article shall -revent the a--ointment o0 the same -erson as $overnor 0or

t3o or !tates9)

12,. E*e-"ti/e Po'er o State

:6; The e1ecutive -o3er o0 the !tate shall 2e vested in the $overnor and shall

2e e1ercised 2y him either directly or through o00icers su2ordinate to him in

accordance 3ith this %onstitution9

:


69/340

124. Term o oi-e o :o/ernor.

:6; The $overnor shall hold o00ice during the -leasure o0 the President9 :


70/340

%hie0 ustice o0 the High %ourt e1ercising urisdiction in relation to the !tate,

or, in his a2sence, the senior most udge o0 that %ourt availa2le, an oath or

a00irmation in the 0ollo3ing 0orm, that is to say5

CI, A9(9, do :s3ear in the name o0 $od solemly a00irm ; that I 3ill 0aith0ully

e1ecute the o00ice o0 $overnor :or discharge the 0unctions o0 the $overnor;o09999999999999 :name o0 the !tate; and 3ill to the 2est o0 my a2ility -reserve,

-rotect and de0end the %onstitution and the la3 and that I 3ill devote mysel0 to

the service and 3ell52eing o0 the -eo-le o099999999 :name o0 the !tate;9C9

149. Di$-!ar+e o t!e "n-tion$ o t!e :o/ernor in -ertain -ontin+en-ie$.

The President may ma?e such -rovision as he thins 0it 0or the discharge o0 the

0unctions o0 the $overnor o0 a !tate in any contingency not -rovided 0or in this

%ha-ter9

141. Po'er o :o/ernor to +rant ardon$) et-.) and to $"$end) remit 141

or -omm"te $enten-e$ in -ertain -a$e$.

The $overnor o0 a !tate shall have the -o3er to grant -ardons, re-rieves,

res-ites or remissions o0 -unishment or to sus-end, remit or commute the

sentence o0 any -erson convicted o0 any o00ence against any la3 relating to a

matter to 3hich the e1ecutive -o3er o0 the !tate e1tends9

14#. E*tent o e*e-"ti/e o'er o State.

!u2ect to the -rovisions o0 this %onstitution, the e1ecutive -o3er o0 a !tate

shall e1tend to the matters 3ith res-ect to 3hich the Legislature o0 the !tate has

-o3er to ma?e la3s+

Provided that in any matter 3ith res-ect to 3hich the Legislature o0 a !tate and

Parliament have -o3er to ma?e la3s, the e1ecutive -o3er o0 the !tate shall 2e

su2ect to, and limited 2y, the e1ecutive -o3er e1-ressly con0erred 2y this

%onstitution or 2y any la35 made 2y Parliament u-on the &nion or authorities

thereo09

Council of "inisters

14(. Co"n-i& o Mini$ter$ to aid and ad/i$e :o/ernor.


71/340

:6; There shall 2e a %ouncil o0 'inisters 3ith the %hie0 'inister at the head to

aid and advise the $overnor in the e1ercise o0 his 0unctions, e1ce-t in so 0ar as

he is 2y or under this %onstitution re>uired to e1ercise his 0unctions or any o0

them in his discretion9

:uestion arises 3hether any matter is or is not a matter as res-ects3hich the $overnor is 2y or under this %onstitution re>uired to act in his

discretion, the decision o0 the $overnor in his discretion shall 2e 0inal, and the

validity o0 anything done 2y the $overnor shall not 2e called in >uestion on the

ground that he ought or ought not to have acted in his discretion9

:=; The >uestion 3hether any, and i0 so 3hat, advice 3as tendered 2y 'inisters

to the $overnor shall not 2e in>uired into in any court9

14,. Ot!er ro/i$ion$ a$ to mini$ter$.

:6; The %hie0 'inister shall 2e a--ointed 2y the $overnor and the other

'inisters shall 2e a--ointed 2y the $overnor on the advice o0 the %hie0

'inister, and the 'inisters shall hold o00ice during the -leasure o0 the

$overnor+ Provided that in the !tates o0 (ihar, 'adhya Pradesh and Orissa,

there shall 2e a 'inister in charge o0 tri2al 3el0are 3ho may in addition 2e in

charge o0 the 3el0are o0 the !cheduled %astes and 2ac3ard classes or any other

3or9

:


72/340

142. Ad/o-ate?:enera& or t!e State.

:6; The $overnor o0 each !tate shall a--oint a -erson 3ho is >uali0ied to 2e

a--ointed a udge o0 a High %ourt to 2e Advocate5$eneral 0or the !tate9

:


73/340

:2; to 0urnish such in0ormation relating to the administration o0 the a00airs o0

the !tate and -ro-osals 0or legislation as the $overnor may call 0or. and

:c; i0 the $overnor so re>uires, to su2mit 0or the consideration o0 the %ouncil o0

'inisters any matter on 3hich a decision has 2een taen 2y a 'inister 2ut 3hich

has not 2een considered 2y the %ouncil%onstitution o0 Legislatures in !tates

%HAPTE# III95THE !TATE LE$I!LATE

General

147. Con$tit"tion o Le+i$&at"re$ in State$.

:6;For every !tate there shall 2e a Legislature 3hich shall consist o0 the

$overnor, and

:a; in the !tates o0 KKKK 96 (ihar, KKK9< KK9= KKK98 'aharashtra)9,

arnataa)9B, KKK9@ and &ttar Pradesh)9, t3o Houses.

:2; in other !tates, one House9

:


74/340

169. Como$ition o t!e Le+i$&ati/e A$$em%&ie$

:6; !u2ect to the -rovisions o0 article === , the Legislative Assem2ly o0 each

!tate shall consist o0 not more than 0ive hundred, and not less than si1ty,

mem2ers chosen 2y direct election 0rom territorial constituencies in the !tate9

:


75/340

:6; The total num2er o0 mem2ers in the Legislative %ouncil o0 a !tate having

such a %ouncil shall not e1ceed one5third)96 o0 the total num2er o0 mem2ers in

the Legislative Assem2ly o0 that !tate +

Provided that the total num2er o0 mem2ers in the Legislative %ouncil o0 a !tate

shall in no case 2e less than 0orty9

:uali0ications -rescri2ed 2y or under any la3 made 2y Parliament

as e>uivalent to that o0 a graduate o0 any such university.

:c; as nearly as may 2e, one5t3el0th shall 2e elected 2y electorates consisting o0

-ersons 3ho have 2een 0or at least three years engaged in teaching in such

educational institutions 3ithin the !tate, not lo3er in standard than that o0 a

secondary school, as may 2e -rescri2ed 2y or under any la3 made 2yParliament.

:d; as nearly as may 2e, one5third shall 2e elected 2y the mem2ers o0 the

Legislative Assem2ly o0 the !tate 0rom amongst -ersons 3ho are not mem2ers

o0 the Assem2ly. :e; the remainder shall 2e nominated 2y the $overnor in

accordance 3ith the -rovisions o0 clause :;9

:8; The mem2ers to 2e elected under su25clauses :a;, :2; and :c; o0 clause :=;

shall 2e chosen in such territorial constituencies as may 2e -rescri2ed 2y or

under any la3 made 2y Parliament, and the elections under the said su2clausesand under su25clause :d; o0 the said clause shall 2e held in accordance 3ith the

system o0 -ro-ortional re-resentation 2y means o0 the single trans0era2le vote9

:; The mem2ers to 2e nominated 2y the $overnor under su25clause :e; o0

clause :=; shall consist o0 -ersons having s-ecial no3ledge or -ractical

e1-erience in res-ect o0 such matters as the 0ollo3ing, namely+5


76/340

Literature, science, art, co5o-erative movement and social service9

16#. D"ration o State Le+i$&at"re$.

:6; Every Legislative Assem2ly o0 every !tate, unless sooner dissolved, shallcontinue 0or 60ive years) 0rom the date a--ointed 0or its 0irst meeting and no

longer and the e1-iration o0 the said -eriod o0 0ive years)96 shall o-erate as a

dissolution o0 the Assem2ly+

Provided that the said -eriod may, 3hile a Proclamation o0 Emergency is in

o-eration, 2e e1tended 2y Parliament 2y la3 0or a -eriod not e1ceeding one

year at a time and not e1tending in any case 2eyond a -eriod ,o0 si1 months

a0ter the Proclamation has ceased to o-erate9

:uali0ied to 2e chosen to 0ill a seat in the Legislature o0 a

!tate unless he5

:a;9 is a citi*en o0 India, and ma?es and su2scri2es 2e0ore some -erson

authorised in that 2ehal0 2y the Election %ommission an oath or a00irmation

according to the 0orm set out 0or the -ur-ose in the Third !chedule.)

:2; is, in the case o0 a seat in

costitution of india

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