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COTTON COLLEGE STATE UNIVERSITY

DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY

Postgraduate Anthropology Syllabus

DISTRIBUTION OF PAPERS/CREDITS (L+T+P format)

SEMESTER – I

Paper Code Paper Name Credits

ANT 701C Core issues in Social and Cultural Anthropology 3 + 0.5 + 0.5

ANT 702C Core issues in Biological Anthropology 3 + 0.5 + 0.5

ANT 703C Core issues in Archaeological Anthropology 3 + 0.5 + 0.5

ANT 704C Anthropology of India 3 + 1 + 0

ANT 1201E Language, Culture and Society 2 + 1 + 0

ANT 1202E Anthropological Perspective on Everyday Life (for

students with a non-anthropology background)

2 + 1 + 0

SEMESTER – II


ANT 801C Anthropological Theories 3 + 1 + 0

ANT 802C Human Genetics and Variation 3 + 0.5 + 0.5

ANT 803C Early Man and Cultures: Palaeolithic and Post-

Palaeolithic Archaeology

3 + 1 + 0

ANT 804C Research Methodology and Field work in

Anthropology

1 + 1 + 2

ANT 1220E

Gender and Society

2 + 1 + 0

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For Semester III and IV, students will be required to choose any one of the

specialisations:

A. Advanced Social and Cultural Anthropology

B. Advanced Biological Anthropology

C. Advanced Archaeological Anthropology

SEMESTER – III


ANT 901C Economy and Polity from an Anthropological

Perspective

3 + 1 + 0

ANT 902C Anthropology of North East India 3 + 1 + 0

ANT 903C Rural and Urban Anthropology 3 + 1 + 0

ANT 910C Specialisation in Advanced Social and Cultural

Anthropology: Anthropology of Religion 3 + 0.5 + 0.5

ANT 930C Specialisation in Advanced Biological Anthropology:

Research Methodology in Biological Anthropology 3 + 0.5 + 0.5

ANT 950C Specialisation in Advanced Archaeological Anthropology:

Research Methodology in Archaeological

Anthropology

3 + 0.5 + 0.5

Elective paper to be chosen by the Department

from the list given here

2 + 1 + 0

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SEMESTER - IV


ANT 1001C Ecological Anthropology 3 + 1 + 0

Specialisation in Advanced Social and Cultural

Anthropology:

ANT 1010C Anthropology of Kinship and Family 3 + 0.5 + 0.5

ANT 1011C Anthropology of Development 3 + 0.5 + 0.5

ANT 1012C Ethnography: Theory and Methods 3 + 0.5 + 0.5

Specialisation in Advanced Biological Anthropology:

ANT 1030C Formal Human Genetics 3 + 0.5 + 0.5

ANT 1031C Population Genetics 3 + 0.5 + 0.5

ANT 1032C Anthropological Demography 3 + 0.5 + 0.5

Specialisation in Advanced Archaeological Anthropology:

ANT 1050C Environmental Archaeology 3 + 0.5 + 0.5

ANT 1051C Archaeological Anthropology of South and South-

east Asia

3 + 0.5 + 0.5

ANT 1052C Pre-historic Economic Patterns and Socio-

Archaeology

3 + 0.5 + 0.5

Elective paper to be chosen by the Department

from the list given here

2 + 1 + 0

The Department may insist that ANT 1260E: Forensic Anthropology be taken as an elective

paper in Semester- IV by those specializing in Advanced Biological Anthropology.

The 0.5 credit practical components in all semesters will be part of the

internal evaluation.

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SEMESTER-I Paper : ANT 701C

CORE ISSUES IN SOCIAL AND CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY

Credits: 4 (3+0.5+0.5)

This course aims at developing an overall understanding of the distinctiveness of anthropology as an

academic discipline, its linkages with other subject areas both within and outside anthropology. The

course develops in-depth discussions on the major themes and concerns of social and cultural

anthropology ranging from the concept of culture, related theories and terms, organization of

culture and society to an overview of major social institutions.

At the end of the course, the students are expected to have an understanding of –

• The central position of anthropology as an academic discipline and its distinctiveness;

• Identity , scope and limitations of Social and Cultural Anthropology;

• Major concepts and related terms of Social and Cultural Anthropology;

• The concepts of culture and society different institutions and their interrelatedness.

UNIT 1:

1. Distinctiveness of Anthropology as an academic discipline; branches and emerging areas.

2. Scope of Social and Cultural Anthropology, divisions of anthropology, scope of Social and

Cultural Anthropology and relations with other branches of anthropology and other

disciplines.

3. Concept of culture: attributes of culture, culture trait, culture complex, culture area,

integration of culture, paradoxes of culture; concept of society: social organization, group,

social institution, relationship between culture and society; diffusion: evolution, unilinear,

multilinear and universal, acculturation and transculturation, innovation .

UNIT II: Institutional overview: social organization

1. Family: typology, residence, functions.

2. Marriage: typology, mate selection: cross-cousin, sororate etc. dowry and bride price.

3. Kinship: kin- consanguine, affinal; kin group: tribe, class, moiety, phratry; kinship

terminology: classificatory and descriptive, terms of reference and address; kinship

behaviour: joking and avoidance relationship.

4. Social stratification: status and role; status of women (Gender)

UNIT III:

1. Economy and property relations: individual and collective property, concept of primitive

communism, concept of value in primitive economy; stages of economy: collection, hunting,

fishing, pastoralism, cultivation: shifting and settled agriculture; subsistence, surplus, and

market economy; systems of trade-exchange: reciprocity, redistribution, barter and markets.

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2. Political organization: types- band, tribe, state, kingship and chiefdom; law and social

control: concept of authority and leadership, justice and redressal.

3. Religion: anthropological approaches to the study of religion; rituals symbolism in religion

and rituals: recent trends.

UNIT IV: Applications and new areas in Social and Cultural Anthropology (basic concepts):

1. Medical Anthropology

2. Ecological Anthropology

3. Communication Anthropology

4. Urban Anthropology

5. Development Anthropology

6. Corporate or business Anthropology

Suggested Readings

1. Evans-Prichard, E.E. Social Anthropology

2. Honigman J. Handbook of Social and Cultural Anthropology

3. Fox, Robin. Kinship and Marriage

4. Sahlins & Service. Evolution and Culture, The University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor

5. Mair, Lucy. An Introduction to Social Anthropology, Oxford University Press

6. Barth: Ethnic Group Boundaries

7. Barnet, H.G. Innovation. The Basis of Culture Change

8. Rogers, E.M. & Shoe Maker, F.F. Communication of Innovation

9. Rogers, E.M. Diffusion of Innovation

10. Radcliffe Brown, A.R. Structure and Function in Primitive Society

11. Harris, Marvin Cultural Anthropology

12. Malinowski, B.A. Scientific Theory of Culture and Other Essays

13. Foster, G.M. Traditional Cultures and Impact of Technological Change

14. Dalton, George. Tribal and Peasant Economies: Readings in Economic Anthropology

15. Kluckhohn, C. Mirror for Man

16. Herskovits , Man and His Works.


CORE ISSUES IN BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY

Credits: 4 (3+0.5+0.5)

This paper aims to impart knowledge on the basics of biological anthropology, its scope and its

applications to other areas. The paper also introduces the students to the evolution of man, man’s

place in the animal kingdom and the human life course from an anthropological perspective.

UNIT I: Introduction

1. Meaning, scope of Biological Anthropology, its relations with other branches and cognate

sciences.

2. Applications of Biological Anthropology (basic concepts):

(i) Anthropology of Sports

(ii) Nutritional Anthropology

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(iii) Forensic Anthropology

(iv) Applied Human Genetics

(v) DNA Technology and Medicine

(vi) Defence Services

vii) Ergonomics, applications in industry

UNIT II: Macro-evolution: processes of vertebrate and mammalian Evolution

1. Human place in the organic world; principles of classification.

2. Vertebrate evolutionary history—a brief summary.

3. Mammalian evolution—the emergence of major mammalian group.

UNIT III: The anthropological perspective on the human life course

1. Fundamentals of growth and development, nutritional requirements for growth. Other

factors influencing growth and development—genetics, hormones and environmental

factors.

2. The human life cycle—pregnancy, birth and infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood and

aging.

3. Human longevity.

4. Individual, society and evolution.

UNIT IV: Human origins and evolution

1. Theories of organic evolution. Lamarckism, Darwinism, Synthetic theory.

2. Emergence of Man: fossil evidence- Australopithecines, Homo erectus, Neanderthal, Homo

sapiens.

3. Hominid evolution: erect posture and bipedalism.

UNIT V: Practicals in Biological Anthropology

Dermatoglyphics: Techniques and Analysis of Finger and Palm prints, Qualitative and

Quantitative characters; Identification of blood stain, PTC, Colour blindness.

Physiometric measurements: Blood pressure and pulse rate; Skin fold measurements.

Recommended Readings:

1. Ashley Montague: Concept of Race

2. Backer, P.T. and Weiner (Eds.) Biology of Human Adaptability

3. Bodmer and Cavalli Sforza. Genetics, Evolution and Man

4. Buettner-Janusch: Origins of Man

5. Cox, P. Demography

6. Ember and Ember: Anthropology

7. Emery, A.E.H. Elements of Medical Genetics

8. Harrison, et.al. Human Biology

9. Harrison, G.A. and Boyce, J. The Structure of Human Population

10. Mange and Mange. Basic Human Genetics

11. Marrell: Evolution and Genetics

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12. S.S. Sarkar: Aboriginal races of India

13. Sahlins and Service: Evolution and Culture

14. Shukla, B.R.K. and Rastogi, S.: Physical anthropology and Human Genetics - An Introduction

15. Simpson, G.G.: The meaning of Evolution

16. Vogel, F. and Motulsky, A.C. Human Genetics - Problems and Approaches

17. Weiner and Lourie. Human Biology - A Guide to Field Methods

18. Weiss, K.M. and Ballonoff, P.A. Demographic Genetics

19. Williams, B.J.: Evolution and Human Origin

20. Wright, S. Evolution, Genetics and Population


CORE ISSUES IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY

Credits: 4 (3+0.5+0.5)

The paper deals with the time perspective in Anthropology. The main focus of the paper is to

highlight the anthropological perspectives of archaeological material in order to throw light on the

emergence and evolution of human cultures. It indicates the relevance of palaeo-environment,

chronology, typo-technologies and culture-construct which also establishes the relationship of

archaeological anthropology with Earth sciences, physical and life sciences. The course aims at

projecting the anthropological significance of archaeological data in the understanding of human

evolution with a practical component on lithic and ceramic technology.

UNIT I: Archaeological Anthropology

Archaeology as anthropology; branches of archaeology: pre-historic, Proto-historic and

historic archaeology.

UNIT II:

Palaeo-anthropology; ethno-archaeology; experimental archaeology; salvage archaeology

basic concepts and relevance.

UNIT III: Palaeo-ecology

1. Prehistoric environment; stratigraphy and geomorphology: glacial, peri-glacial; tropical

geomorphology.

2. Present day ecological zones: tundra, steppe, tropical rain forest, savanna.

UNIT IV: Archaeological Sites

Types and nature, conservation and preservation, constitutional provisions of conservation

of archaeological sites in India.

UNIT V: Introducing cultural chronology

Thomsen Model: Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic, Chalcolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Age;

Thomsen model in the context of Indian Prehistory.

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UNIT VI: Basic Rock Types in Manufacturing Tools Properties and behaviour; prehistoric tool typology and technology, ceramic technology.

UNIT VII: Practical

1. Pre-historic technology: drawing and identification of pre-historic stone and bone tools.

Students are to be taught about proper drawing and description of prehistoric tools. They

have to draw at least 15 tools. They should be able to identify tools of different Stone Age

periods. They have to maintain a practical note book.

2. Laboratory work on pottery:

i) Identification of handmade and wheel made pottery,

ii) Reconstruction of pottery- Neolithic, Chalcolithic, Harappan and Megalithic pottery

(two from each period).


1. Agrawal, D.P. The Archaeology of India, Curzon Press

2. Allchin, B and Allchin, F.R. The Rise of Civilization of India and Pakistan, Cambridge

University Press

3. Ashley Montague. Physical Anthropology and Archaeology

4. Barmown Victor. Physical Anthropology and Archaeology, The Dorse Press Home Wood,

Illinois

5. Banerjee. Iron Age in India, Munshiram Manoharlal

6. Bordes, F. Old Stone Age, Weidenfeld and Nicolson

7. Brothwell.D & Higgs, E. (Ed), Science in Archaeology, Thames & Hudson

8. Budtzer, K.W. Environment and Archaeology

9. Clark, D.L. Analytical Archaeology, Methuen & Co. Ltd

10. Coles, J.M. & Higgs, E.S. The Archaeology of Early Man, Faber & Faber

11. Das, B.M. Outlines of Physical Anthropology, Kitab Mahal

12. James, J. Hester, Introduction to Archaeology, Holt, Rinehart and Winston

13. Michel, J.W. Dating Methods in Archaeology, Seminar Press

14. Sakalia, H.D. New Archaeology - Its Scope and Application to India, Ethnographic and Folk

Culture Society

15. Sankalia, H.D. Stone Age Tools, Families and Techniques, Deccan College, Pune

16. Sankalia, H.D. Pre and Protohistory of India and Pakistan, Deccan College, Pune

17. Zeuner, F.E. Pleistocene Period, Hutchinson

18. Puratatva ------Journal


ANTHROPOLOGY OF INDIA

Credits: 4 (3+1+0)

This course aims to impart to students an understanding of the diversities and unity in Indian

society, to portray the major segments in India, to disclose the various theoretical perspectives on

Indian society and to familiarize them with the issues that confront contemporary India.

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UNIT I: Conceptualising Indian Society

1. Cultural and ethnic diversity: historically-embedded diversities in respect of language, tribe,

caste, religion, race and culture.

2. Convergence and integration: the sharing of material traits, cultural space, language and

regional ethos; the evolution of composite cultural legacy

3. The colonial context: the representation of Indian society as fragmentary and static in

colonial ethnography; the census, district gazeteers and the imperial gazeteer as instruments

of colonial policy.

4. Brahminical patriarchy in India - caste hierarchy and gender hierarchy

UNIT II: Approaches to the study of Indian society

1. Indological Approach - G. S. Ghurye, Louis Dumount

2. Structural Functional Approach - M .N. Srinivas, S.C. Dube.

3. Marxian Approach - D.P. Mukherjee, A.R. Desai

4. Civilization and Subaltern Approach - Surajit Sinha, Dr.B.R. Ambedkar

5. Conflict Approach - Kathleen Gough, Daniel Thorner

UNIT III: Structural elements of Indian society

1. Village community: physical organization, settlement patterns; framework for studying

village community: village polity- patterns of dominance.

2. Caste: historical emergence - Hinduisation of tribes and sects; views on caste: McKim

Marriot; features of caste system: caste as a descent group; Backward Castes and Anti-caste

struggles.

3. Kinship: lineage and descent in India; kinship organization.

4. Marriage and family: Marriage - principles and forms, marriage among tribes, Hindus,

Muslims and Christians; divorce; widow remarriage. Family: variations in family structure;

joint family: co-parcenary system, inheritance, degree of jointness; changing structure and

functions of family in India.

5. Impact of legislations and socio-economic changes on caste, kinship, marriage and family.

UNIT IV: Contemporary Challenges

1. Moving beyond tradition, tradition vs modernity debate; problems of nation building

secularism, pluralism, regionalism, terrorism.

2. Poverty, deprivation, inequalities of caste and gender, illiteracy and disparities in education.

3. Caste conflicts, ethnic conflicts, communalism and religious revivalism.

4. Family disharmony: domestic violence, dowry, divorce, intergenerational conflict.

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Suggested Readings :

1. Das Veena. 2004. Oxford India Encyclopedia of Sociology and Social Anthropology. New Delhi:

OUP.

2. Dumont Louis 1970 Homo Hierachicus: The Caste System and its Implications.

3. Dube, S.C. 1973: Social Sciences in a Changing Society Lucknow University Press

4. Dube, S.C. 1967 The Indian Village London : Routledge, 1955

5. Karve, Irawati 1961 : Hindu Society: An Interpretation Poona : Deccan College

6. Singh, Y. 1973 : Modernisation of Indian Tradition, Delhi, Thomson Press.

7. Srinivas, M.N. 1960 : India’s Villages Asia Publishing House, Bombay.

8. Tylor, Stephen: India: An Anthropological Perspective

9. Marriott, McKim 1990 : India through Hindu Categories Sage, Delhi.

SEMESTER-I Elective Paper : ANT 1201E

LANGUAGE, CULTURE AND SOCIETY

Credits: 3 (2+1+0)

This is an elective course designed to suit the needs of students both within and outside formal

anthropology course. It aims at introducing basic elements of linguistic anthropology, more

specifically sociolinguistics within the wider ambit of human communication studies.

After completion of the course, the students will comprehend:

• the nature of human communication and language acquisition

• the difference between human and non-human communication

• the nature of language, dialects and their relationships with stratification, gender,

ethnicity and other areas of society and culture

• linguistic situation of Northeast India

• relationship between language and literature

UNIT I: Introducing Anthropology and Linguistic Anthropology; nature and structure of language;

language acquisition: historical overview of different hypothesis with special reference to

Chomsky.

UNIT II: Human communication: basic features, human speech and animal communication;

proxemics and kinesis metacommunication; ethnography of communication; Cyber

Communication: an introduction.

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UNIT III: 1. Language, thought and culture: Sapir-Whorf hypothesis; language and culture; language and

gender; analysis of kinship and colour terminologies; contributions of Malinowski and Levi-

Strauss.

2. Socio-linguistics: language and society; dialects; language and social stratification;

multilingualism and diglossia; lingua-franca; pidgin and creole; language and inequality:

linguistic prejudices and stereotypes; power and solidarity relations in language; language

and social inequality stratification; language and ethnicity; language loss; languages of

Northeast India.

UNIT IV: Literary anthropology: introducing literary anthropology, scope and subject matter; study of

society and culture through the study of different forms of literature, poetry, novels, auto-

biography, travelogue, etc.

UNIT V: (A small project work on literary anthropology/ language and society as suggested by the

concerned faculty)

Suggested readings :

1. Foley, W.A : Anthropological linguistics An Introduction

2. Payatos B : Literary Anthropology

3. Trudgill Peter : Sociolinguistics

4. Thomas L : Language society and Power

SEMESTER-I Elective Paper : ANT 1202E

ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE ON EVERYDAY LIFE

(for students with non-anthropology background)

Credits: 3 (2+1+0)

The course is meant for those without an anthropology background. As an introductory course, it is

designed to approach the everyday life of human beings from a holistic and cross-cultural

perspective. Wide range of time and space are meaningfully woven leading to a deep understanding

of what is meant to be human with examples of everyday life situations.

UNIT I: Everyday life: anthropological perspective

Anthropology as mediating discipline between biological sciences, humanities and social

sciences. Through anthropological lens: holism (Bio-cultural approach and time

space dimension); empiricism (field work); concepts of culture, ethnocentrism and

relativism; comparative method and concept of cross-cultural studies; traditional focus on

pre-literate societies. Biological heritage of mankind (Homo sapiens in the animal kingdom);

roots of human capacity for culture.

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UNIT II: 1. Humanity through time and space: archaeology, pre-history, proto-history and history;

help from other disciplines; geological time scale and biological and cultural evolution of

mankind.

2. Biological and cultural variation: factors and processes; genetic concept of race and the

fallacy of racism; concept of culture and society: enculturation, ethnocentrism and

relativism; biology and culture in human evolution: an overview.

UNIT III: A brief view of everyday life in cross cultural perspective: family, marriage and kinship; work

and occupations; economy; learning and education; social control; religion; art and

aesthetics.

UNIT IV: How anthropologists work: a brief outline of ethnographic fieldwork; use of ethnography in

different contemporary contexts; relevance of anthropological knowledge in the

contemporary world.

Recommended Readings (latest editions wherever applicable):

1. Beals, R & Hoijer H, An Introduction to Anthropology. Macmillan.

2. Eriksen, T H, What is anthropology? : Rawat.

3. Evans Pritchard E. E., Social Anthropology. Oxford.

4. Haviland et al. (as above) Cultural Anthropology. Cengage India.

5. Haviland, W., H Prins, D Walrath & B McBride, Introduction to Anthropology. Cengage India.

6. Hollywood films: Gods Must be Crazy I & II; Ice Age Series

7. Kluckhohn C: Mirror for man

SEMESTER-II Paper : ANT 801C

ANTHROPOLOGICAL THEORIES

Credits: 4 (3+1+0)

The course outlines the major theoretical trends of Anthropology from colonial times to the present.

UNIT I: Emergence of Anthropological Theories: Impact of Colonialism

1. Evolutionism (Spencer, Tylor, White, Steward, Shahlins) and Diffusionism (British, German

and American).

2. Durkheim and French sociology; Functionalism and Structural-functionalism ( Malinowski

and Radcliffe-Brown and others).

3. Culture and Personality studies (Ruth Benedict, Margaret Mead, Kardiner and Linton).

UNIT II:

Marxism and Neo-Marxian trends.

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UNIT III:

1. Structuralism : symbols, myth and totemism (Levi-Strauss and Leach).

2. New Ethnography and semantic analysis.

3. Interpretive and hermeneutical approach (Geertz).

4. Post-structuralism and post-modernism (M.Foucault, P.Bourdieu)---an overview.

Suggested Readings:

1. Levi-Strauss, Claude (1963) Structural Anthropology, New York: Basic Books.

2. Leach, Edmund, Hugh-Jones et al.(2000), The Essential Edmund Leach.vol.1, New Haven: Yale

University Press.

3. Merwyn S Garbarino: Sociocultural Theory in Anthropology.

4. Clifford Geertz: The interpretation of cultures.

5. Pierre Bourdieu: Outline of a theory of practice


HUMAN GENETICS AND VARIATION

Credits: 4 (3+0.5+0.5)

UNIT I: Introduction: historical views of human variation; the concept of race, racism, intelligence.

UNIT II: Contemporary interpretations of human variation, human polymorphism, polymorphisms at

the DNA level.

UNIT III: Human biocultural evolution.

UNIT IV: The adaptive significance of human variation: solar radiation, vitamin D and skin colour; the

thermal environment; high altitudes; infectious diseases.

UNIT V: Mendelian populations; concept of genetic equilibrium; Hardy-Weinberg law, application of

Hardy-Weinberg law in human population genetics.


1. Ashley Montague: Concept of Race

2. Basu, Arabinda, B.K. DasGupta, J. Sarkar (ed.): Anthropology for North-East India

3. Backer, P.T. and Weiner (Eds.) Biology of Human Adaptability

4. Bodmer and Cavalli Sforza. Genetics, Evolution and Man

5. Buettner-Janusch: Origins of Man

6. Cox, P. Demography

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7. Ember and Ember: Anthropology

8. Emery, A.E.H. Elements of Medical Genetics

9. Harrison, et.al. Human Biology

10. Harrison, G.A. and Boyce, J. The Structure of Human Population

11. Mange and Mange. Basic Human Genetics

12. Marrell: Evolution and Genetics

13. S.S. Sarkar: Aboriginal races of India

14. Sahlins and Service: Evolution and Culture

15. Shukla, B.R.K. and Rastogi, S.: Physical anthropology and Human Genetics - An Introduction

16. Simpson, G.G.: The meaning of Evolution

17. Vogel, F. and Motulsky, A.C. Human Genetics - Problems and Approaches

18. Weiner and Lourie. Human Biology - A Guide to Field Methods

19. Weiss, K.M. and Ballonoff, P.A. Demographic Genetics

20. Williams, B.J.: Evolution and Human Origin


EARLY MAN AND CULTURES: PALAEOLITHIC AND POST PALAEOLITHIC ARCHAEOLOGY Credits: 4 (3+1+0)

The aim of the paper is to provide an insight into the different palaeolithic and post-palaeolithic

cultures through which humanity has passed through in different parts of the world.

UNIT I: Lower palaeolithic cultures: Oldowan in Africa, Soan in India, Abbevillian, Acheulean,

Clactonian development in Europe and India: important sites and associated fossils– Homo

habilis and Homo erectus.

UNIT II: Mousterian and Levalloisean cultural development in Europe and India and associated fossil

finds– Neanderthal man.

UNIT III: Appearance of Homo sapiens sapiens and upper palaeolithic art and cultures in Europe and

India.

UNIT IV: Mesolithic cultures; salient features - Europe, India, West Asia and South East Asia.

UNIT V: Evolution of early farming – origin and evolution.

1. Neolithic revolution

2. Origin of agriculture in West Asia.

3. Neolithic cultural development in South Asia/India/ North east India evidence from

important excavated sites.

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UNIT VI:

1. Chalcolithic cultural development in India: extent, distribution, characteristics, with

reference to important site –Ahar, Malwa and Jorwe.

2. Development of Harappan Civilisation: geographical distribution, extent and settlement

pattern, important excavation sites, town planning and architecture, trade, economy,

technology art and seals, decline, socio-political life.

3. Iron Age in South India: megalithic culture– characteristics, distribution, typology

(Menhis, Dolmen, Cist, Cairn, Circle, Topikal)

4. Iron Age in North India: PGW and NBPW (Hastinapur, Atranjikhere, and Kausumbi).


Chester, Chard. Man in Prehistory. McGraw Hill.

Clark J G D. Mesolithic Settlement of Northern Europe. Cambridge University Press.

Cole, Sonia. The Neolithic Revolution. British Museum.

Fagan, Brian M. People of The Earth: An Introduction to World Prehistory. .

Gordon, Childe V. Man Makes Himself. Coronet Books.

. Miller, Barbara. Cultural Anthropology. Pearson.

Scupin, R & C. R. DeCorse. Anthropology: A Global Perspective.

Oakley K. P.--------------------Man The Tool Maker

Sankallia S.D Prehistory and Proto history of India and Pakistan

Reddy V. Rami -------------Elements of Prehistory

Bhattacharyya D. K. ----------- Prehistoric Archaeology

Bhattacharya,D.K Indian Prehistory

Bhattacharyya, D K. Emergence of Cultures in Europe.

Beals R. L. & H. Hoizer& A. R. Beals--- An Introduction To Anthropology

Bordes F. --------------The old Stone age

Do ---------------------------The Tools of The old And New Stone age

Burkitt, M C. The Old Stone Age. .


RESEARCH METHODOLOGY AND FIELDWORK IN ANTHROPOLOGY

Credits: 4 (1+1+2)

This course aims at developing a scientific approach to social research as well as exposing the

students to the field situation preferably in tribal and rural settings for training in the ethnographic

method of field research which is central to anthropology as an academic discipline inquiry.

Note 1: The practical component of this Course will be conducted outside classroom, but data

analysis and report writing will be completed in the classroom in Lecture and Tutorial

classes.

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Note 2: Students are to undertake a field work for 10 continuous days in a tribal or caste

village/community. The field work will be conducted by the Department under the

supervision of teacher(s) in a suitable area. Suitable dates should be selected in such a

manner that minimum of working days be involved. Ideally, the duration should include

two sundays and a first or third saturday and preferably a holiday in between.

The fieldwork should be carried out by the entire batch of students as a team-work.

However, each student will be given an individual topic for conducting ethnographic

fieldwork. After the fieldwork the students would undertake the analysis and report writing

under the guidance of the assigned faculty members.

UNIT I: 1. Social Research: Concept, nature and types; quantitative and qualitative approaches and

uses in social science research.

2. Research Design: Definition and type of research design; steps in research design: review of

literature; conceptual framework; formulation of research problem; formulation of

hypothesis; tools and techniques of data collection; determination of the mode of analysis

and reporting.

UNIT II: Ethnographic Approach in Anthropology

1. Field work tradition in Anthropology: contribution of Malinowski, Boas and other pioneers;

2. Ethnography: Basic concepts, cultural relativism, ethnocentrism, etic and emic perspectives;

participant enquiry; ethnography as a holistic documentation of culture.

3. Ethnographic research in Anthropology:

3.1. Academic, psychological and practical preparation for ethnographic fieldwork; techniques

of rapport establishment; identification of representative categories of informants;

recording of data journal, diary and logbook.

3.2 Ethnography as a qualitative research

• Choice of tools and techniques of data collection;

• Social census - construction of household-schedule, variables involved;

• Interview - structured and unstructured; free flowing open ended interview; group

interview and key informant interview;

• Observation - participant, and non-participant;

• Genealogy - technique and application;

• Case Study: distinctiveness; types such as case examples, case histories and life

history and other sources of data for building a case study;

• Extended case study;

• Use of technical aids;

• Analysis and writing of ethnographic data.


Dawson, Catherine : Practical Research Methods

Goode and Hatt : Methods in Social Research

Gupta, S.P : Statistical Methods

Kassam & Mustafa : Participatory Research

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Kothari, C.R : Research Methodology

Kluckhohn, C : Use of Personal Documents in Anthropology

Pelto P.J. & Pelto, G.H Anthropological Research: The Statement of Inquiry

Spindler : Case studies in Anthropology

Young, P.V Scientific Social Survey and Research.

Danda, Ajit. Research Methodology in Anthropology, Inter- India, New Delhi.

Fernandes & Tondon, Participatory Research.

H. Russel. Bernard, Handbook of Methods in Cultural Anthropology, Altamira Press.

Kassam & Mustafa. Participatory Research.

Madrigal, Lorena. Statistics for Anthropology.

Mukherjee, Neela. Participatory Rural Appraisal and Questionnaire Survey.

Herskovits, M.J : Cultural Anthropology

Royal Anthropological Institue of Great Britain Notes and Queries in Anthropology.

Basu. ,M.N Field Methods in Anthropology and other Social Sciences

Russel, Bernard,H Research Methods in Anthropology.

UNIT III: Field work (Practical ) Students are to submit a typed report on the work done on certain topics that are assigned to them

by the department. The report shall include the following:

(i) Relevance of field work in Anthropology;

(ii) Methods and techniques used;

(iii) Village plan and general description of the village;

(iv) Description and general household census survey of the village;

(v) The student is required to carry out an analytical study of any one of the following topics or as

suggested by teacher-in-charge.

Topics for Ethnographic Field-work –

Topics which require ethnographic method, for data collection, should be assigned to the

students. Hence, topics from Biological Anthropology should not be considered for ethnographic

fieldwork.

Faculty members will finalize the topics to be assigned to the students from the following list

which illustrates certain important/ major topics which should be considered with priority. Some

of these topics may be divided or combined in accordance to the circumstances and needs.

-Settlement pattern; cultural ecology; material culture; folklore.

- Life cycle; marriage, family and kinship; economic organization; political organization;

- Religious organization; rituals; festivals, inter and intra community relations; status of women;

- Ethno-medical system; ethnography of food; food in socio-cultural context;

- Ethno-physiology; child rearing practices; response to family welfare program;

- Awareness and utilization of health care services – (ICDS and other special programs);

- Education, aspirations and mobility; impact of communication and transportation;

- Development programs; village organization, health care systems, art and craft, dresses, ornaments

and tattoos.

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SEMESTER-II Elective Paper : ANT 1220E

GENDER AND SOCIETY

Credits: 3 (2+1+0)

The primary goal of this course is to familiarize students with key issues, questions and debates in

the anthropology of gender. It also offers an exposure on the implication of gender in society, major

issues relating to women and discloses important indicators of women’s development.

UNIT I: Sex and gender; nature, culture and gender.

UNIT II: Gender in cross-cultural perspective; purity and pollution; honour and shame; masculinity

and femininity across cultures.

UNIT III: Women’s movement in India: pre-Independence and post-Independence; non-Western

feminist critique of Western feminist theory; law, state and patriarchy.

1. Oakley, Ann. 1972. Sex, Gender and Society. New York : Harper and Row.

2. Michelle Rosaldo “Woman, Culture and Society: A Theoretical Overview” in Woman, culture, and

society. Edited by Michelle Zimbalist Rosaldo and Louise Lamphere.

3. Sherry Ortner “Is Female to Male as Nature is to Culture?” in Woman, culture, and society. Edited

by Michelle Zimbalist Rosaldo and Louise Lamphere.

4. Abu-Lughod, L. (1986). Veiled Sentiments: Honor and Poetry in a Bedouin Society. Berkeley, CA:

University of California Press.

5. Leela Dube: On the construction of gender: Hindu girls in patrilineal India. Economic and Political

Weekly 23(18).

6. Dube, Leela et. al. (eds.) 1986. Visibility and Power. Essays on Women in Society

and Development. New Delhi : OUP.

7. Chandre Mohanty “Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses”

8. Aihwa Ong “Colonialism and Modernity: Feminist Representations of Women in Non-Western

Societies” in Feminism and 'race' / edited by Kum-Kum Bhavnani

9. Desai, Neera and M. Krishnaraj. 1987 Women and society in India. Delhi

10. Gandhi, N. and N. Shah. 1992, The issues at Stake : Theory and Practice in the

contemporary women's movement in India. New Delhi : Kali for women,

11. Forbes, G. 1998. Women in Modern India. New Delhi, Cambridge University Press.

12. Gangoli, G. 2007. Indian feminisms: Law, patriarchy and violence in India. Ashgate.

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SEMESTER-III Paper : ANT 901C

ECONOMY AND POLITY FROM AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

Credits: 4 (3+1+0)

UNIT I: Economy - I Anthropology: The ‘substantive’ and ‘formal’ views of the economy, forms of exchange,

bazaars and traditional markets

UNIT II: Economy - II Gift, reciprocity, moral economy, caste transactions; money

Recommended readings:

Karl Polanyi The great transformation. Beacon Press, 1957 (Chapter ‘Societies

and economic systems’).

Marshall Sahlins Stone age economics. Aldine, 1972 (Chapter 5)

James Scott The moral economy of the peasant. Yale University Press, 1976

(Introduction and Ch 1).

Pierre Bourdieu Outline of a theory of practice. Cambridge University Press, 1977

(Chapter 1).

Marcel Mauss The gift. Routledge, 1990[1925].

Jonathan Parry Money and the morality of exchange. Cambridge University Press,

1989 (Chapters 1-4). David Hardiman The Bhils and shahukars of eastern Gujarat. In Ranajit Guha, ed.

Subaltern studies V. Oxford University Press, 1987, pp. 1-54.

Stephen Gudeman The anthropology of economy. Blackwell Publishers, 2001 (Ch 1-2).

Gloria G Raheja The poison in the gift. University of Chicago Press, 1988 (Chapter 5).

Supriya Singh Towards a Sociology of money and family in the Indian diaspora.

Contributions to Indian sociology, 2006, 40 (3) 375-98.

UNIT III: Polity - I What is political anthropology; anthropology, politics and power; political systems in

stateless societies; Politics in agrarian societies; the rise of the state; colonialism: domination

and resistance

UNIT IV: Polity - II Neo-colonialism and world capitalism; war and the new world disorder; Non-state resistance

movements; structure and agency in new political and social movements; political conflict.


1. Vincent, Joan, ed. 2002. The Anthropology of Politics: A Reader in Ethnography, Theory, and

Critique. Malden, MA: Blackwell (selected chapters).

2. Gledhill, John. 2000. Power and its Disguises: Anthropological Perspectives on Politics. 2nd

edition. London: Pluto (selected chapters).

3. Navalakha, Gautam. Days and Nights in the Maoist Heartland’, Economic and Political

Weekly, Vol.XLV, no.16 (17 April 2010), pp.38-47.

4. Alpa Shah and Judith Pettigrew (eds.) ‘Windows into a Revolution: Ethnographies of Maoism

in South Asia’ (2009) Dialectical Anthropology, Vol.33, nos.3-4 (2009).

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5. Gupta, Akhil. 1992. The Song of the Nonaligned World: Transnational Identities and the

Reinscription of Space in Late Capitalism, Cultural Anthropology, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 63-79.

6. Escobar, Arturo. 2004. Beyond the Third World: Imperial Globality, Global Coloniality and

Anti-Globalisation Social Movements, Third World Quarterly, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 207-230.


ANTHROPOLOGY OF NORTH EAST INDIA

Credits: 4 (3+1+0)

This course is designed to create awareness about the north eastern region of India, its diversities

and commonalities and distinctiveness. Rich cultural traditions along with the issues and problems

faced by the region are addressed. A brief discussion on ethnicity is also introduced with the view to

acquaint the students with theoretical background for understanding ethnic relations in a multi-

ethnic region.

UNIT I: The region and its people North east India as a region: constituent units, geographic features and characteristics. State

wise overview of ethnic groups; their origin and distribution; brief account of their

traditional social, political, economy and religion.

UNIT II: Profiles of the region 1. Linguistic profile/scenario: classification of languages in the region– position of national

language, regional language, official language of the state/district, language and medium of

instruction, education; language shift and lingua-franca in Northeast India.

2. Religious profile: scenario in north east Indian population; tribal religions, Hinduism,

Buddhism, Christianity, Sikhism and Islam in North east Indian populations.

3. Economic profile of the different communities: traditional (jhum, terrace, plough cultivations

and pastoralism) and emerging economic pursuits.

UNIT III: Processes operating in the region Urbanization, globalization; socio-cultural changes in the region: forces and factors;

problems in the north east region: natural calamities, psychological alienation from the

mainstream, insurgency, border disputes, trans-border migration; scope for development.

UNIT IV: Anthropology of Northeast India 1. Growth and development of Archaeological anthropological studies in North east India.

Emerging trends.

2. Emergence, growth and development of Biological anthropology in Northeast region.

Emerging trends.

3. Growth and development of Ethnographic and Socio-Cultural Anthropological studies in

North East India. Recent trends

UNIT V: Ethnicity and North East India

Concepts and theories on ethnicity, concept of ethnic boundaries (Barth), rise of ethnicity,

ethnic relations and conflicts and Human Rights issues in North east India.

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Suggested Readings:

1. Choudhury, Bapukan and Pradip Jyoti Mahanta (eds). The World of Dr. B. M. Das: A Tribute,

Assam Academy of Cultural Relations, Guwahati.

2. Das, B.M. Variation in Physical Characteristics in the Khasi Population of North East India.

3. Das, B.M. ed (1974) Contemporary Anthropological Research in Northeast India.

4. Das, F. A. and I. Barua (1996), Communities in Northeast India.

5. Goswami, M.C. and P.B. Das. (1990), The People of Arunachal Pradesh: A Physical Survey.

6. Hodson, T. C.,(1989) The Naga Tribes of Manipur.

7. Majumdar, D N., North East India: A Profile in T C Sharma and D N Majumdar, eds. Eastern

Himalayas, pp. 23-62.

8. Miri, M., Linguistic Situation in Northeast India. Shillong: NEICSSR.

9. Raha, M.K. and A.K.Ghosh, North-East India: The Human Interface.

10. Sengupta, S., Studies in Anthropology: Recent Perspectives.

11. Singh, B.P., The Problem of Change: A Study of Northeast India.

12. Subba, T.B. and Ghosh, G.C. (eds) . Anthropology of Northeast India.


RURAL AND URBAN ANTHROPOLOGY

Credits: 4 (3+1+0)

This course introduces the concepts of rural and urban anthropology with special reference to Indian

situations.

UNIT I: Rural Society

Characteristics of rural society, village society in India, India’s changing villages.

UNIT II: Peasant society Concept and characteristics, peasant society and culture in India.

UNIT III: Urban anthropology

Aim, scope and methodology; processes of urbanization (urbanism, urban ecology and urban

structures)

UNIT IV: Basic features of urban society; folk-urban continuum

UNIT V: Urbanization in India: rise of city and civilization in India.

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UNIT VI:

Continuity and change in Indian urban society: kinship and family, caste and religion.

Suggested Readings:

1. Robert Redfield. Peasant Society and Culture.

2. Eric Wolf: Peasant.

3. Southall,A. Urban Anthropology.

4. Honigmann, J.J .Handbook of Social and Cultural Anthropology.

5. The Culturral Role of Cities in Man in India, 1956.vol, 36, no. 3.

6. A.R.Desai.Rural Sociology.

SEMESTER-III Special Paper : ANT 910C

Specialisation in Advanced Social and Cultural Anthropology:

ANTHROPOLOGY OF RELIGION Credits: 4 (3+0.5+0.5)

UNIT I:

Magic, witchcraft, religion; religion as an object of study: structural and symbolic

perspectives.

UNIT II: Myths, symbols and rituals.

UNIT III: Fieldwork in religion; the problem of belief for anthropology.

UNIT IV: Secularism, pluralism and syncretism; religious revivalism, fundamentalism and nationalism;

religion and globalization.

Suggested Readings:

1. Bowie, F. (2006). The anthropology of religion: an introduction. Malden, MA; Oxford,

Blackwell Pub.

2. Bowen, John R. 2014. Religions in practice: An approach to the anthropology of religion. 6th

edition. Pearson: Upper Saddle River.

3. Durkheim, Emile. 1995. Introduction: The subject of study, sociology of religion and theories

of knowledge in Elementary forms of the religious life (pp. 2-22). New York: The Free Press.

4. Geertz, Clifford. 1993. Religion as a cultural system in The Interpretation of cultures: selected

essays (pp. 87-125). Waukegan: Fontana Press.

5. Salomonsen, Jone. 2004. Methods of compassion or pretension? The challenges of

conducting fieldwork in modern magical communities in Researching Paganism edited by

Blain, Harvey and Ezzy (pp. 43-58). Walnut Creek: Altamira Press.

6. Katherine P. Ewing, Dreams from a Saint: Anthropological Atheism and the Temptation to

Believe. American Anthropologist, New Series, Vol. 96, No. 3 (Sep., 1994), pp. 571-583.

7. Mossière, Géraldine (2007) Sharing in ritual effervescence: emotions and empathy in

fieldwork, Anthropology Matters, Vol 9, No 1.

8. Burman, J. J. R. (1996). "Hindu-Muslim Syncretism in India." Economic and Political Weekly

31 (20): 1211-1215.

9. Frankle R and P Stein. 2005. Magic and Divination. In Anthropology, magic and witchcraft,

pp. 136-163. Pearson.

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10. Turner, Victor. 1966. The ritual process: Structure and anti-structure. Cornell Press: Ithaca,

New York.

11. Van der Veer, Peter. 2002. Religion in south Asia. Annual review of anthropology 31: 173-87.

12. Bhargava, Rajeev. 2006. The distinctiveness of Indian secularism in T.N. Srinivasan (ed.) The

Future of Secularism, Oxford University Press, Delhi, pp.20-53.

13. Mayaram, Shail. (2004): “Hindu and Islamic Transnational Religious Movements”, Economic

& Political Weekly, 39(1), pp 80-88.



RESEARCH METHODOLOGY IN BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY

Credits: 4 (3+0.5+0.5)

UNIT I: Research methodology in Biological Anthropology: an introduction

1. Selection and formulation of research problem

2. Research design

3. Sampling

UNIT II: Analysis and documentation of data

Statistical techniques: measures of central tendency; measures of dispersion; tests of

significance –chi square test, t-test, f- test probability and regression; etc.

UNIT III: Methods of studying growth-longitudinal and cross sectional, linked longitudinal, mixed

longitudinal, determination of nutritional status.

UNIT IV: Methods and techniques of studying anthropological demography

1. Methods: census and sample survey.

2. Techniques: observation, questionnaire, interview, case study and genealogical measures of

fertility and mortality serological techniques.

Suggested readings:

1. Goode and Hatt W: Methods in Social Research

2. Werner: Systematic field work vol I &II

3. E.D Poole: Thesis and assignment writing

4. Henry,G.T: Practical Sampling

5. Dunteman G.H: Introduction to multivariate Analysis

6. Malhotra,K.C: Statistical Methods in Human Population Genetics

7. Danda, A.K : Research methodology in Anthropology

8. Sharma, N.K: Statistical Technique

9. Bhasin M.K and S.M.S Chahal: A Laboratory Manual for Human Blood Analysis

10. Ram kumar R: Technical Demography

11. Tanner J.M: Growth at Adolescence

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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY

Credits: 4 (3+0.5+0.5)

This course deals with the methods in data collection by locating archeological site, excavation and

conceptualization of the site. The course aims to impart knowledge on recovery of data, method of

recording, and method of analysis and finally reconstruction of cultural processes. It also gives a

picture of social evolution.

UNIT I: Process of archaelogical research; research design: problem, scope and limitation; formulation of

hypothesis, model building, testing of hypothesis.

i) History and development of Archaeological Research Methodology, Culture History

Approach, New Archaeology, Post-Processual Archaeology.

ii) Archaeological data and records – Artifact, features, structures, ecofacts, site;

archaeological culture and other units –area, region, tradition.

UNIT II: Recovery of data; method of exploration: location and identification of archaeological sites, earth

resistivity survey, other scientific aids, remote sensing, Geographic Information System (GIS),

toposheets, aerial photography.

i) Method of excavations: test pits and trial trenches, vertical and horizontal excavation.

ii) Method of recording: mapping, stratigraphic recording, three dimensional recording, setting

of computer collections and documentation.

iii) Method of analysis: classification of the data - paradigmatic, taxonomic and conventional

classification.

iv) Dating methods: Relative and chronometric dating - radio carbon dating, potassium-argon

dating, thermoluminiscence dating, racemization and archaemagnetic dating, dendro-

chronology, palaeontology, palynology, varve clay analysis, fluorine analysis, fission tract

dating, obsidian dating,

UNIT III: Method of interpretation reconstruction of cultural processes, settlement archaeology,

post processual archaeology, new archaeology, ethno-archaeology - parallels, survivals,

analogies.

Social evolution: with reference to Childe, Phillip and Phillip, Malik, LaWhilde, Julian

Steward.

Site catchment analysis: basic concept.

Recommended Readings

1. Binford, L.R. An Achaeological Perspective, Seminar Press

2. Butzer, K.W. Environment and Archaeology, methuen & Co. Ltd Anthropology 113

3. Childe,V.G. Social Evolution, Watts & Co.

4. Clark, D.L. Analytical Archaeology, Methuen & Co. Ltd

5. Cornwall, I.W. Soils for the Archaeologist. Phoenix

6. Dunnel, R.C. Systematics in Prehistory. The Free Press

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7. Evans, J.G. Environmental Archaeology. Paul Elek

8. Gabel, C. Analysis of Prehistoric Economic Patterns

9. Malik, S.C. Indian Civilization: The Formative Period

10. Renfrew, C. (Ed.) The Explanation of Culture Change: Models in Prehistory.Duckworth

11. Rouse, I. Introduction to Prehistory. Yale University Press

12. Sankalia, H.D. New Archaeology: Its Scope and Applications to India. Ethnographic and Folk

Culture Society

13. Trigger, B.G. Beyond History: The Methods of Prehistory.

14s. Willey, G.R. & Methods and Theory in American Archaeology. PhoenixPhilip Phillips.

ELECTIVE PAPERS

SEMESTER-III Elective Paper : ANT 1240E

MEDICAL ANTHROPOLOGY Credits: 3 (2+1+0)

This course is designed to open up a dialogue between medical sciences and anthropology. As

anthropology is a holistic study of both biological and cultural aspects of humanity in time and space,

meant to facilitate communication between anthropology and medical sciences.


Meaning and scope of medical anthropology; changing concepts of health, disease and

illness; plural systems of medicine: traditional systems as part of culture and life style; socio-

cultural and environmental dimensions of health; concepts of culture and lifestyle in relation

to health and disease; occupational and life-style ailments.

UNIT II: Biology and health

1. Importance of genetics in health care: genetic epidemiology; genetic disorders; health of

vulnerable groups – women, children, elderly, tribals and persons with disability.

2. Pollution and health hazards: environmental epidemiology; air, water and food borne

diseases; community health care delivery initiatives

3. Reproductive health: meaning and definition; reproductive health situation in India;

reproductive health service programmes in India; sex related disease (STD, HIV and AIDS) –

problems and prevention.

4. Nutrition, diet and disease: malnutrition, under nutrition – biosocial implications; nutritional

deficiency disease – Kwashiorkor, Marasmus, Iodine Deficiency Disorders, Nutritional

Anaemia.

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5. Epidemiology of certain common diseases in India (with special reference to Northeast

India): malaria, tuberculosis, leprosy, diabetes, cardio-vascular diseases and STD/AIDs.

UNIT III: Ethno-medicine Ethno-medicine and medical pluralism in India: meaning and scope; ethno-medical practices

in India; folk health practitioners –their status and role; magico-religious practices; ethno-

psychiatry; ethno-botany; ethno-biology; ethno-pharmacology.

Medical pluralism in India: Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, Naturopathy, Homeopathy.

Tibetan, Chinese and Allopathic medical practices; resurgence of traditional medical

systems in the West and in India.

UNIT IV: Medical statistics and national health programmes

1. Medical statistics: measurement of morbidity and mortality rates, incidence and

prevalence rates, adjustment of rates and other vital statistics.

2. Health promotion and health programmes: nutrition, RCH, family welfare, health

education, ageing (people’s perspectives to be focused).

3. National health policy: historical review; health care delivery in India - rural and

urban; NRHM - response of the people; voluntary efforts in community health and

development – some case studies of community participation.

UNIT V: International health and anthropological approach

WHO, UNICEF, Ford Foundation, Smile Train Project, etc.; Primary health care approach;

Alma-Ata declaration: People centred vs. Techno-Managerial approaches for

documentation; anthropological approach to health systems research; uses of

anthropological research methods and evaluation; judicious mix of qualitative and

quantitative research methods.


1. Alland(Jr), A Adaptation in Cultural Evolution: An Approach to Medical Anthropology

2. Caudill, W Applied Anthropology

3. Fritzerald, Thomas(Ed.) Nutrition and Anthropology in Action

4. Foster, G.M et al. Hand Book of Medical Anthropology

5. Landy. D Culture, Disease and Healing

6. Paul, B.D Health, Culture and Community

7. Polgar, Steven Health, and Human behavior In Current Anthropology, 1962, pp 159–205

8. Polgar, Steven Evaluation and Ills of mankind.In Horizons of Anthropology, Ed. Soltax pp 200-

211.

9. Rajpramukh, K.E. Medical Anthropology

10. Read, M Culture, Health and Disease

11. Rivers, W.H.R Medicine, Magic and Religion

12. Scotch, A. Norman Medical Anthropology: Biannual Review of Anthropology

13. Caudill, W. Applied Anthropology in Medicine

14. Foster, G.M. and Medical Anthropology B.G. Anderson

15. . Banerjee B.G. and Folk Illness and Ethnomedicine R. Jalota

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16. Rivers, W.H.R. Medicine, Magic and Religion Anthropology 188

17. Hasan, K. The Cultural Frontiers of Health

18. Bannermann et. Al. Trditional Medicine and Health Care Coverage (WHO)(Eds.)

19. Kakar, D.N. Folk and Modern Medicine

20. Leslie, C. (Ed.) Asian Medical System

21. Loudon, J.B. Social Anthropology and Medicine

22. Madan, T.N. Doctors and Society

23. Antia, A.H. & Bhatia People’s Health in People’s Hand

24. Jejeebhoy, S. Women’s Autonomy, Education and Reproductive Health

25. Ministry of Health & National Health Policy Family Welfare:W.H.O. World Health Reports

26. Freeman, H.E. et. al. Handbook of Medical Anthropology

27. Landy, D., Culture, Disease and Healing

28. National Institute of Maternal & Child Health Health & Family Welfare


VISUAL AND COMMUNICATION ANTHROPOLOGY Credits: 3 (2+1+0)

This paper aims to introduce students to the world of communication, its various channels and the

relation it shares with culture. It will also discuss the meaning and scope of visual anthropology,

ethnographic films in India and audio-visual documentation. The paper attempts to throw some light

on the development of visual anthropology in India also.

UNIT I: Visual Anthropology

1. Meaning and scope, its development in India.

2. Ethnographic films, a brief history of ethnographic films in India.

3. Visual Anthropology and Indian fiction films.

UNIT II: Communication

1. Definition, nature and functions of human communication.

2. Anthropological view of communication.

3. Approaches to the study of communications—anthropological, sociological and

psychological perspectives.

4. Channels of communication: Interpersonal and oral communication, mass communication,

transport communication, electronic media, satellite communication, art and visual

communication.

UNIT III: Culture and communication

1. Culture, history and technology.

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2. Socialization as cultural communication.

3. Role of communication in education, health and family welfare in India.

Suggested Readings:

1. Roger,E.M Communication of Innovation

2. Agrawal, B.C Anthropological Applications in Communication Research and Evaluation of SITE in

India, in Media Asia vol.8,pp 136-146

3. Fisher, Andy.B. Perspectives in Human Communication

4. Herskovits Cultural Anthropology

5. Hymes, Dell The Anthropology of Communication in Human Communication Theory

6. Rai Samir An introduction to Visual Anthropology

7. Sahay, K.N Visual Anthropology in India and its Development


STUDY OF MONOGRAPHS Credits: 3 (2+1+0)

Any two books will be selected for detailed study out of the following monographs :

E.E Evans-Pritchard : Nuer

Malinowski : Argonauts of the Western Pacific

C.von Haimendorf : From Cattle to Cash

Srinivas M.N : The Remembered Village

----------------- : Religion and Society among the Coorgs of South India

Majumdar : Culture Change in Two Garo Villages


ECONOMIC ANTHROPOLOGY Credits: 3 (2+1+0)

UNIT I: Scope and development of Economic Anthropology, social framework of economic

organization, Economic Determinism and Possibilism

UNIT II: Production, distribution, consumption, exchange in simple societies. Types of traditional

economic organisation: hunting – gathering, fishing, pastoralism, horticulture, shifting

cultivation, settled agriculture; modernisation of peasant economy.

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UNIT III: Economic aspects of exchange: barter, gift, potlatch, bride - price, wealth; ceremonial

exchange, Kula ring, markets.

UNIT IV: Approaches to study economic systems; peasant economic systems; formalism, and

substantivism- debate; New Economic Anthropology

UNIT V: Anthropological study of entrepreneurship; world economic systems; globalization and

Corporate Anthropology

Suggested Readings:

1. Bailey, G.Caste and Economic Frontier, A Village in High Land Orissa

2. Behura, N.K.Anthropological Economics and Economic Anthropology

3. Belshaw, S.Traditional Exchange and Modern Markets

4. Clammer, John, (Ed.)The New Economic Anthropology

5. Clammer, John, (Ed.)Beyond New Economic Anthropology

6. Dalton, George (Ed.)Economic Development & Social Change in South India Yesterday, today

and Tomorrow

7. Firth, Raymond, (Ed.)Themes in Economic Anthropology

8. Forde, Daryll, C. Habitat, Economy and Society

9. Geertz, Clifford.Peddlers and Princes – Social Change and Economic Modernization in two

Indonesian Towns

10. Herskovits, M.J.Economic Anthropology

11. Leclair &Schneider(Ed.).Economic Anthropology ; Readings in Theory and Analysis

12. Sahlins, Marshal.Stone Age Economics

13. Shanin, T. Peasants and Peasant Societies

14. Woolf, E. Peasants


ETHNO-ARCHAEOLOGY Credits: 3 (2+1+0)

1. Ethno-archaeology – definition, scope and methods.

2. Archaeological and ethno-graphic records –nature and interrelations, role of analogy.

3. Historical development of ethno-archaeology – a brief review outside India and India.

4. Persistence of ancient modes of life into the present ethno-graphic scenario in India.

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5. Ethno-archaeology and reconstruction of past material culture e.g. settlement pattern,

technology, ceramics, food processing etc.

6. Important example of ethno-archaeological studies of living hunter- gatherer (e.g.

Eskimo or Andaman islanders)

7. Relevance of ethno-archaeological research for reconstruction of chalcolithic cultures of

Central and Western India.

8. Ethno-archaeology of South Indian Neolithic.

9. Present day shifting cultivation practices in India with reference to their technology,

social organizations, traditions and customs, associated other economic activities - and

their relevance to the study of Mesolithic, Neolithic and chalcolithic cultures of India.

10. Living Megalithic traditions of India and North east India.

Reading list:

1. Ajay Pratap. 2000. The Hoe and the Axe: Ethnohistory of Shifting Cultivation in Eastern

India, New Delhi, Oxford University Press.

2. Allchin, B. (ed.) 1994. Living Traditions: South Asian Ethnoarchaeology, New Delhi: Oxford &

IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.

3. Michael, J. Balick and Paul Alan Cox. 1996. Plant, People and the Science of Ethnobotany,

Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan,Ann Arbor.

4. Barkataki, S. 1969. Tribes of Assam. New Delhi: National Book Trust.

5. Bettinger, R. L. 1987 Archaeological Approaches to Hunter-gatherers, Annual Review of

Anthropology 16:121-142.

6. Bichieri, M. G. (ed.) 1972. Hunters and Gatherers Today, New York: Holt, Rinehart and

Winston.

7. Binford, L. R. 1988. In Pursuit of the Past, New York: Thames and Hudson.

8. Cooper, Z. 1992. The Relevance of the Forager/Collector Model to Island Communities in the

Bay of Bengal. Man and Environment XVII (2) : 111-122.

9. Cooper, Z. 2002. Archaeology and History: Early Settlement in the Andaman Islands. New

Delhi: Oxford University Press.

10. David N. and C. Kramer. 2001. Ethnoarchaeology in Action. Cambridge University Press.

11. Ford Richard (Ed.) 1994. The Nature and Status of Ethnobotany, Museum of Anthropology,

University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

12. Fuchs, S. 1973. The Aboriginal Tribes of India. Delhi: Macmillan India.

13. Gould R.A. 1980. Living Archaeology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

14. Griffin, P. B. and W. G. Solheim II. 1990. Ethnoarchaeological Research In Asia. Asian

Perspectives 28 (2): 145-161.

15. Grigg, D.B. 1980. The Agricultural Systems of the World, Cambridge University Press,

Cambridge, (chapter on Shifting Agriculture, pp.37-75)

16. Jain, S.K. 1991. Contributions to Indian Ethnobotany, Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur.

17. Kramer C. (ed.) 1980. Ethnoarchaeology. Guildford Survey: Columbia University Press.

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18. Lee, R. B. and I. Devore (Ed.) 1975. Man the Hunter. Chicago: Aldine Publishing Co. Second

Edition.

19. Leshnik, L. S. and G. Sontheimer (eds.) 1975. Pastoralists and Nomads. Wiesbaden: Otto

Harrassowitz.

20. Maheshwari, J.K. 1996. Ethnobotany in South Asia, Scientific Publishers, Jodhpur.

21. Meehan, B. and R. Jones (eds.) 1988. Archaeology with Ethnography: An Australian

Perspective. Department of Prehistory, Research School of Pacific Studies, The Australian

National University, Canberra.

22. Misra, V.N. 1990. The Van Vagris - `Lost' Hunters of the Thar Desert, Rajasthan.Man and

Environment XV(2):89-108

23. Morris, B. 1982. Forest Traders : A Socio-Economic Study of the Hill Pandaram. London

School of Economics Monograph, Social Anthropology 55. London: Athlone Press

24. Murty, M.L.K 1981. Hunter-Gatherer Ecosystems and Archaeological Patterns of Subsistence

Behaviour on the South-East Coast of India: An Ethnographic Model.World Archaeology 12:

47-58

25. Murty, M.L.K. 1985. Ethnoarchaeology of the Kurnool Cave Area.

26. Nagar, M. and V.N. Misra. 1993. The Pardhis: A Hunti ng- gathering Community of Central

and Western India. Man and Environment XVIII (1): 113-144

27. Nagar, M. 1975. Role of Ethnographic Evidence in the Reconstruction of Archaeological

Data. Eastern Anthropologist 28 (1): 13-22

28. Nagar M. 1983. Ethnoarchaeology of the Bhimbetka Region.Man and Environment VII: 61-69

29. Nagar, M. 1992. Tribal Societies in India. In, Saryu Doshi (ed.). 1992.Tribal India: Ancestors,

Gods and Spirits. Bombay: Marg Publications

30. Parker, B., J.B. Bhattacharya, B.B. Dutta abd B. Datta Ray 1980. Shifting Cultivation in North

East India. Second Edition. Shillong: North East India Council for Social Science Research

31. Raju, D.R. 1988. Stone Age Hunter-Gatherers: An Ethno-Archaeology of Cuddapah Region,

South-East India. Pune: Ravish Publishers

32. Ray, Sankar K. 1984. Aspects of Neolithic Agriculture and Shifting Cultivation, Garo Hills,

Meghalaya. Asian Perspective, XXIV(2), pp.193-221.

33. Rivers, W. H. R. 1967. The Todas. London.

34. Roy, S. C. 1920. The Birhors: A Little Known Jungle Tribe of Chhota Nagpur. Ranchi.

35. Satapathy, K.K. and B.K. Sarma. 2002. Shifting Cultivation in India: An Overview. Asian Agri-

History, Vol.6, No.2, pp.121-139

36. Sinopoli, C. M. 1991. Seeking the Past through the Present: Recent Ethnoarchaeological

Research in South Asia. Asian Perspectives 28 (2): 145-161

37. Smiley F.E. et. al. 1980. The Archaeological Correlates of the Hunter-Gatherer Societies:

Studies form the Ethnographic Record. Ann Arbor: Michigan University Press.

38. Steensberg Axel 1980. New Guinea Gardens: Study of Husbandry with Parallel in Prehistoric

Europe, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.

39. Steensberg Axel 1986. Man the Manipulator. An Ethnoarchaeological Basis for

Reconstructing the Past, National Museum, Kopenhagen.

40. Steensberg Axel 1993. Fire Clearance Husbandry: Traditional Techniques Throughout the

World, Poul Kristenseen, Hernig

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SEMESTER-III

Elective Paper : ANT 1245E

ANTHROPOLOGY OF AGEING Credits: 3 (2+1+0)

UNIT I: Anthropology of ageing

Age, ageing and culture, cross-cultural perspectives of ageing with special reference to

ageing in pre-industrial societies.

UNIT II: Concepts of ageing and the aged

Dying, disengagement, dependency and development; the genetics of ageing; geriatrics,

geriatric nutrition.

UNIT III: Modernization and ageing

Demographic changes in a cross-cultural perspective; social, psychological and economic

ramifications of ageing on the individual and the society.

UNIT IV: Ageing and care

Aged and public policy.

Suggested Readings:

Beauviour, Simone De The Second Sex

Daphne A Roe Geriatric Nutrition

Das, R.M. Women in Manu and his seven commentators

Dube, Leela Visibility and Power : Essays on Women in

Society and Development Edward Schneider The Genetics of Aging

Eok, Diana, L and Jain, Devaki (Ed) Speaking of Faith : Cross-Cultural perspectives on

Women, Religion and Social Change.

Evans Pritchard The position of women in Primitive societies and

other essays in Social Anthropology

Friedan, Betty The Feminine Mystique

Friedl, Ernastine Women and Men : An Anthropologist’s view

Ghadially, Rehana Women in India Society : A reader

Hammod, Doroty and Jablow, Atta Women in Cultures of the World

Irudays Rajan, Mishra V.S. and Sharma, Sankara.

P

India’s Elderly : Burden or Challenge

Jay Sokolovsky The Culture context of Aging

Krishnan, Prabha and Dighe, Amita Affirmation and Denial : Construction of

Femininity in Indian Television

Krishnaraj, Montrabji and Chandra, Karun Gender and household domain : Social and

Cultural Dimensions

Leslie Morgan and Susanne, Kunkel Aging : The Social context

Nanda, V.K. Nutrition and Health for Child Development

Omvedt, Gail We will smash this prison ! Raphel, Donna Being Female : Reproductive Power and Change

Rohrlich – Leavitt, Ruby Women Cross-culturally : Change and Challenge

Saradamoni, K Women work and Society

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CULTURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT Credits: 3 (2+1+0)

1. Cultural resource management (CRM) – definition, meaning, concept and relevance;

history and origin of CRM; meaning of cultural resource, tangible and intangible cultural

resource and their identification criteria.

2. CRM and heritage management; National Registrar of Historic places.

3. Conservation and preservation of cultural heritage (monuments) – principles and

guidelines for conservation and preservation of monuments, sites and remains with

special reference to India; distribution of monuments in different geographical zones

and their conservation problems.

4. Laws and policies – important legislations, acts and rules, international conventions.

5. Cultural resource and museum –definition, types and functions.

6. Acquisition and array of museum items – culture history and geo-ethnic arrangement;

acquisition by purchase, gift, loans, exchange and treasure trove.

7. Planning of museum building – lighting of museum, galleries, ventilation; concept of

mobile museum.

8. Arrangements, preservation and treatment of museum specimens.

Reading list:

1. Agarwal , O.P., 1977, Care and Preservation of Museum Objects, New Delhi: National

Research Laboratory for Conservation of Cultural Property.

2. Baxi Smita J and Vinod P. Dwivedi. 1973, Modern Museum Organization and Practice in

India, New Delhi: Abhinav Publication.

3. Bhatnagar ,Anupama, 1999, Museum, Museology and New Museology: New Delhi, Sundeep

Prakashan

4. Cleere. Henry.ed.Archaeological Heritage Management in the Modern World.London Unwin-

Hymen,1989

5. Fowler, Don D, Cultural Resources Management,” Advances in Archaeological Methods and

Theory 5 (1982) : 1-50

6. Fowler, Don D,” Conserving Americal Archaeological Resources in David J. Meltzer , Don D

Fowler,and Jeremy A. Sabloff eds. American Archaeology, Past and Future pp. 135-162,

Washington,DC Smithsonian Institution Press, 1986

7. Green Ernestine, ed. Ethics and Values in Archaeology, New York Free Press, 1984

8. Moore, K. ed. 1994, Museum Management. Leicester: Leicester University Press.

9. Sarkar,H. 1981, Museum and Protection of Monuments and Antiquities in India. Delhi:

Sundeep Prakashan

10. Smith G. S. and J. E Ehrenhard, eds Predicting the Past. Boca Raton , FL CRC Press, 1991

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SEMESTER-IV Paper : ANT 1001C

ECOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY

Credits: 4 (3+1+0)

To develop students’ understanding of the concept of sustainability and the challenges we face in

responding to environmental variables and resolving environmental problems.

To examine how societies and the natural environment are intimately related.

To develop a thorough understanding of ecosystems and the ways in which different groups interact

with their environments.

UNIT I:

1. Introduction, Anthropology and study of culture;

2. Early theory: environmental determinism, cultural ecology, systems ecology;

3. Contemporary theory: evolutionary ecology, political ecology, environmental anthropology.

UNIT II: Foraging/hunting and gathering; horticulture/small-scale cultivation; pastoralism and animal

herding; labor intensive peasant agriculture and diversification of livelihood strategies;

forests and communities; capital intensive mechanized agriculture; biotechnology and GM

foods; resource conservation and local communities; parks and people commons

UNIT III: Development, cultural change, globalism; Indigenous Knowledge System (IKS); sustainable

development; ecological footprint; gender and ecological anthropology; Indian thinkers and

movements: Gandhi, Ramachandra Guha, Chipko, Narmada Dam.

UNIT IV: Human actions and ecological degradation: deforestation, big dams, mining; pesticides,

pollution, man-made disasters; climate change and global warming; ozone depletion and

acid rain;

Initiatives of the State and International Agencies: Stockholm, Kyoto Protocol, Rio

conference; Environment Protection Agencies in India; Constitutional Provisions and

Environmental Laws in India.

References:

1. Bates, Daniel G.2005 Human Adaptive Strategies: Ecology, Culture, and Politics. Third Edition.

Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

2. Reed, Richard2009 Forest Dwellers, Forest Protectors: Indigenous Models for International

Development. Second Edition. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.

3. McGrath: Ecological Anthropology; Marquette: Cultural ecology

4. Glenn Davis Stone: Biotechnology and suicide in India

5. S Jewitt: Political ecology of Jharkhand conflicts

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6. Jim Igoe: Measuring the costs and benefits of conservation to local communities

7. Shiva, Vanadana: Staying Alive Women. Ecology and Survival in India, New Delhi: Kali for Women

Press, 1988, pp.1-37, 218-228.

8. Arnold, David and Guha, Ramchandra, (eds.): Nature, Culture and Imperialism, New Delhi: Oxford

University Press, 1995.

9. Gadgil, Madhav and Guha, Ramchandra: Ecology and Equity: The use and Abuse of Nature in

Contemporary India, New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1996, pp.9-191.

10. UNDP. 2000.Sustainable Development. New York: OUP

11.World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987. Our common future Brundtland

report, New Delhi :Oxford university press

12.Krishna, Sumi 1996, Environmental Politics: People’s lives and Development Choices, New Delhi:

Sage Publications.

13.Shiva. Vandana 1991 Ecology and the Politics of Survival: Conflicts over Natural Resources in

India. New Delhi: Sage Publications.

SEMESTER-IV Special Paper : ANT 1010C


ANTHROPOLOGY OF KINSHIP AND FAMILY Credits: 4 (3+0.5+0.5)

UNIT I:

What is kinship?; kinship terminologies and genealogies; kinship and gender.

UNIT II: Family: perspectives, developmental cycle and changing trends

Marriage: rules and transactions; gay marriage.

UNIT III: Descent: patrilineal, matrilineal, north-eastern kinship systems.

UNIT IV: Impact of violence and displacement on gender and the family; new reproductive

technologies andsurrogacy.

Suggested readings:

1. Linda Stone, Kinship and Gender: An Introduction (2013), 5th

edition

2. Robert Parkin, (2013). Relatedness as Transcendence: The Renewed Debate over the Significance

of Kinship.

< http://www.isca.ox.ac.uk/fileadmin/ISCA/JASO/2013/Parkin_JASO_5_1_2013.pdf>

3. Pascal Bouchery and Kiudamliu Gangmei (2008). The Kinship Terminology of the Rongmei Nagas.

European Bulletin of Himalayan Research 32.

4. Yanagisako and Collier: Towards a unified analysis of gender and kinship. In Kinship and Family: An

Anthropological Reader, edited by Robert Parkin and Linda Stone: pgs 275-293.

5. Leela Dube: (1997) Women and kinship: Comparative perspectives on gender in south and

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southeast Asia. Delhi: Vistaar.

6. Bonvillain, Nancy. 2006. Cultural anthropology (chapters 8 & 9 on kinship and descent & marriage

and family). Pearson.

7. Nongbri, Tiplut. 2000. Khasi women and matriliny: Transformations in gender relations,

Gender Technology and Development 4: 359-395.

8. Robinson. R. 2008. Betwixt kin and community: Muslim women and the family in the wake of

ethnic strife in western India. Asian population studies 4, 2: 177-194.

9. Pande, Amrita. 2009. ‘It may be her eggs but it’s my blood’: Surrogates and everyday forms of

kinship in India, Qualitative sociology. 32:379–397

10. Stacey, Judith. 2005. The Families of Man: Gay Male Intimacy and Kinship in a Global Metropolis.

Signs, Vol. 30, No. 3, pp. 1911-1935.

SEMESTER-IV Paper : ANT 1011C


ANTHROPOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENT

Credits: 4 (3+0.5+0.5)

This paper aims to create awareness about the concept of development from the anthropological

perspective. It attempts to discuss the relation of anthropology with development and also aims to

throw light on the perspective role anthropologists could play in development planning. Moreover, it

envisages giving a broad view of the policies and development of the rural poor, Scheduled Castes

and Scheduled Tribes.

UNTI I: Introduction 1. Concept of Development-anthropological perspective; role of anthropology in development

studies.

2. Development from Below.

UNIT II: Economic development and Anthropology 1. Development processes, nature of development, the anthropological contribution.

2. Economists and Development Planning.

UNIT III: Theories of Development 1. Early Capitalism, Historical Materialism.

2. Late Capitalism: Modernization and Dependency Theories.

UNIT IV: Sustainable Development 1. Concept and philosophy, salient features, components of Sustainable Development and

Strategies for Sustainable Development.

2. Social Development and Sustainable Development, contemporary Indian scenario.

UNIT V: Development programmes and the Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes in India 1. Constitutional Provisions and safeguards for SCs and STs.

2. Problems and prospects of tribal development.

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Suggested Readings:

1. Larrain, Jorge.1989. Theories of Development. Polity Press

2. Mathur, Hari Mohan (ed).1977. Anthropology in the Development Process. Vikas Publishing

House

3. Cochrane, Glyn. Development Anthropology.1971.

4. Kumar, Hajira. 1997. Social Work, Social Development and Sustainable Development. Regency

Publications.

5. Chansarkar, B.A.Models for Planning in India

6. Dalton, George (ed.) Economic Development and Social Change

7. Vidyarthi, L.P. Applied Anthropology in India



ETHNOGRAPHY: THEORY AND METHODS Credits: 4 (3+1+0)

Ethnography is central to Social and cultural anthropology. Over the years, there has been rich and

varied development in ethnographic research in different academic disciplines including

Anthropology. The Course aims at developing critical understanding on the nature of ethnography

and ethnographic methods in contemporary social sciences with insights into different theoretical

schools of thought. The students will also be introduced to some important areas where

ethnography has been successfully applied.

UNIT I:

1. Concept and Definition of ethnography; nature of ethnographic studies.

2. History and development of ethnographic studies: Malinowski and anthropological

tradition; Contributions of British Social Anthropology and American school: Boas,

Lowie, Benedict and others.

3. Levi-Strauss, Geertz, and emerging trends in cultural field work.

4. The Chicago school of ethnography

UNIT II:

1. A brief overview of different approaches to ethnography:

Ethnography and symbolic interactionism; Community studies; Orientalism;

Ethno-methodology and ethnography; Phenomenology; Grounded theory in

Ethnography; Semiotics and semantics.

2. Tools of ethnography: Participant observation; field notes; Life stories; ethnographic

interviewing; autobiography; narrative analysis Photography and film; computer

applications in qualitative research.

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UNIT III: Writing cultures and ethics of ethnography; ethnography after post-modernism.

UNIT IV: Locating ethnographies in different contexts: education; health and illness; work and

occupations; deviance study; childhood and enculturation; feminism, polity; material

culture; cultural studies; communication (including ethnography).


1. Malinowski B : Argonauts of Western Pacific

2. Mead : Coming of Age in Samoa

3. Clifford J and G.E Marcus : Writing Cultures: The poetics and

Politics of Ethnography

4. Atkinson P, A.Coffey,

S. delamont; J. Loafland and

L Loafland : Handbook of Ethnography

5. Burawoy M. et al. : Ethnography Unbound: Power

and Resistance in the modern

Metropolis

6. O’reilly,K : Ethnographic methods



FORMAL HUMAN GENETICS Credits: 4 (3+0.5+0.5)

UNIT I: Human Cytogenetics 1. Identification of human chromosomes, karyotyping, nomenclature, autoradiography,

banding techniques

2. Chromosomal structure

3. Chromosomal polymorphism

4. Chromosomal aberrations

UNIT II: Chemical aspects of genetics Watson and Crick Model, DNA, RNA, protein synthesis, genetic code.

UNIT III: Mutation Somatic mutation, germinal mutation, point mutation, chromosomal mutation, spontaneous

mutation, induced mutation, causes of mutation, mutation rate.

UNIT IV: Lethal and sub-lethal genes.

UNIT V: Linkage, crossing over; translocation.

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UNIT VI: Abnormal traits and diseases

Syndactyly, polydactyly, phenylketonuria, sickle cell anaemia, thallassemia.

UNIT VII: Disease associated with blood groups

Erythroblastosis foetalis, small pox, malaria, cancer, ulcer)

Suggested Readings:

1. Curt Stern, Principles of Human Genetics

2. Niyogi and Srivastava, Human Genetics

3. E.A.Carlson, Human Genetics

4. N.V.Rothwell, Human Genetics

5. Mange and Mange, Basic Human Genetics



POPULATION GENETICS

Credits: 4 (3+0.5+0.5)

UNIT I: Aim and scope of population genetics and its significance in anthropology.

UNIT II: Hardy-Weinberg law and its application.

UNIT III: Breeding population—mating patterns: random mating, assertive mating; Consanguinity and

inbreeding coefficient, genetic load, genetic isolates; Miscegenation.

UNIT IV: Genetic markers in relation to population variation

1. Red Cell antigens

2. Hbs ,Hbc, Hbe, Thallasaemia

3. Red cell enzymes

4. Genetic Markers in Plasma 9serum protein) : Haptoglobin(hp), Transferins (tf), Group

specific component

5. Color blindness and taste sensitivity to PTC.

UNIT V: Dermatoglyphics in relation to population variation.

UNIT VI: Growth and development: stages of growth, factors affecting growth, methods of studying growth

and development.

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UNIT VII:

Ageing.

Suggested Readings:

1. Rothwell, N.V.Human Genetics

2. Stern, Curt. Principles of Human Genetics

3. Janusch, J,Buetner. Principles of Human Genetics

4. Cumins and Midlo. Finger prints, palm, and soles: An introduction to Dermatoglyphics

5. Watson,E.H and G.H.Lowrey. Growth and Development of Children

6. Livingstone, Frank.B. Abnormal Haemoglobin in Human populations



ANTHROPOLOGICAL DEMOGRAPHY

Credits: 4 (3+0.5+0.5)

UNIT I: Nature of population studies, population concepts, history of population studies; sources of

population data: population census, registration of vital statistics; sample survey, population

registers; international publications; history of census; census in India.

UNIT II: Population composition: population size, population structure, population characteristics; factors

affecting age and sex structure.

UNIT III: Fertility and fecundity: factors associated with change in fertility—physiological factors and socio-

cultural factors; differential fertility.

UNIT IV: Mortality and morbidity: basic measures of mortality; age and sex patterns in mortality; infant

mortality and factors affecting it; causes of death; differential mortality.

UNIT V: Migration: nature and theories of migration; rural-urban migration, seasonal migration and

transhumance; causes and consequences of migration.

UNIT VI: Demographic transition: stages of demographic transition; demographic transition in India.

UNIT VII: Demographic theories: Malthus, Sadler, Doubleday, Arsene-Dumont, Spencer, Carr-Saunders.

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UNIT VIII: Population explosion in India; National Population policy.

Suggested Readings:

1. Bhende,A& T.Khanitkar. Principles of population studies

2. Misra, B.D. An Introduction to the study of Population

3. Agarwala, S.N. India’s Population Problems

4. Ram Kumar, R. Technical Demography

5. Roy,S.Basu, S.Tindal, Bogue, D.J. Principles of Demography



ENVIRONMENTAL ARCHAEOLOGY

Credits: 4 (3+0.5+0.5)

This course aims to impart knowledge on environment and archaeology, geo-archaeology and its

importance in reconstruction of the environment. The paper also deals with geomorphological study

of archaeological sites.

UNIT I: Environmental archaeology

1. Definition and scope.

2. Ecology and environment: physical environment, biological environmental, palaeo

environment/ Pleistocene environment - glacial and inter-glacial: pluvial and inter-pluvial.

UNIT II: Geo-archaeology

Definition, aims and scope; its importance in environmental reconstruction.

UNIT III: Geomorphology

Geomorphological study of archaeological sites; arid and humid geomorphology:

geomorphological features Aeolian deposits, loess deposits.

UNIT IV: Sedimentology

River, stream and lake sediments; impact on archaeological site formation process.

Recommended Readings

1. Butzer, K.W. Environment and Archaeology.

2. Charlesworth, J.K. Quaternary EraAnthropology 183

3. Davidson, D.A. & Geo-Archaeology, Earth Sciences and Past.Shackley, M.L.

4. Evans J.G. Environmental Archaeology.

5. GSI Memior 32. Quaternary Environments and Geoarchaeology of India

6. Pettijohn,f.J. Sedimentary Rocks.

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ARCHAEOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY OF SOUTH AND SOUTH EAST-ASIA

Credits: 4 (3+0.5+0.5)

UNIT I: Paleolithic

Palaeolithic cultures in South East Asia: Non-biface tradition - Patijithanian, Ahyathian,

Tampanian and Choukoutian, Soanian; Acheulean development in India.

UNIT II: Mesolithic

1. Mesolithic - Hoabinhian culture in South east Asia, Spirit cave in Thailand.

2. Mesolithic in India - distribution, expansion, economy, regional variation, chronology.

3. Human settlements in the Ganga valley , Rock art.

UNIT III: Neolithic

1. Early food production in South Asia (Neolithic) –

a. Neolithic in Afganisthan and Beluchisthan,

b. Neolithic in Kashmere valley,

c. Neolithic in Vindhyas,

d. South Indian Neolithic,

e. Eastern and North eastern Neolithic

f. Early agriculture in South East Asia.

UNIT IV: Chalcolithic

Regional chalcolithic tradition in central India, Rajasthan and Gangetic doab – Ahar, Malwa,

Kayatha, Ganeshwar and Jodhpura, OCP and Copper hoard culture.


1. Aljan, Jetal (Ed.) Sunda and Sahul.

2. Bellwood, P.S. Man’s Conquest of the Pacific.

3. Bellwood, P.S. Prehistory of Indo-Malaysian Archipelago.

4. Chang, K.C. The Archaeology of Ancient China.

5. Clarks, Graham. World Prehistory: In New Perspective.

6. Heakeren, H.R. Van. The Stone Age of Indonesia.

7. Mulvany, D.J. Prehistory of Australia.

8. Asian Perspectives (Journal) Vol. 12, 1972

9. American Anthropologist, Vol. 62. No. 5, 1960

10. World Archaeology, Vol. 2, 1970

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PREHISTORIC ECONOMIC PATTERNS AND SOCIO-ARCHAEOLOGY Credits: 4 (3+0.5+0.5)

UNIT I:

Prehistoric subsistence pattern, seasonal subsistence cycle: botanical evidence, zoological evidence.

1. Sources of food, natural food, domesticated food, plant, animal and aquatic food.

2. Food storage and preservation,

3. Butchering site and kitchen midden.

UNIT II:

Patterns of prehistoric trade: trade goods and standard of exchange.

UNIT III:

Socio-archaeology; evolutionary theories in ethnography; cultures in archaeology; sociological

interpretation of archaeological data; social evolution in prehistory from savagery to civilization.

UNIT IV:

Reconstruction of prehistoric life and societies; demography in prehistoric times; determination of

prehistoric population size; factors affecting population size.

UNIT V:

Environmental changes and cultural adaptation; early Holocene period; urban origin in near eastern

food plain; interdependence of biological and cultural evolution; impact of man on environment.

Suggested Readings:

1. Binford, L.R. An Archaeological Perspective

2. Childe,V.Gordon. Man Makes Himself

3. ---------------------. Social Evolution

4. Clarke, J.G.D. Archaeology and Society

5. Higgs. Palaeo-Economy

6. Hole,F and R.F.Heizer. An Introduction to Prehistoric Archaeology

7. Shahlin,Marshall. Stone Age Economics

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SEMESTER-IV Elective Paper : ANT 1260E

FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY

Credits: 3 (2+0+1)

UNIT I:

Definition and scope of forensic anthropology.

UNIT II:

Forensic osteology: Study of skeletal material: Human and animal remains; age, sex and stature

estimation and their medico-legal implications.

UNIT III:

Role of forensic anthropologist and odontologist in mass disasters.

UNIT IV:

Crime types, crime scenes, methods of investigation, modes of death, assessment of time since

death.

UNIT V:

Dermatoglyphics in Forensic Anthropology; classification of finger prints for criminal record

purposes.

UNIT VI:

Forensic haemogenetics: Identification and individualization of blood stains; determination of blood

groups, sex, age and racial origin from blood stains; identification and individualization of body fluids

like semen, saliva , urine, etc.

UNIT VII:

Modern method in crime investigation: DNA finger printing, Iris image, Biometry, Polygraph and Lie

Detection Tests.

Suggested Readings:

Essentials of Forensic Anthropology, Linda .L.Klepinger.2006. Wiley-Liss

Introduction to Forensic Anthropology(3rd

Ed.) 2007.Steven N Byers

Aggrawal, A Twisted Evidence (Science Reporter, August,

1992)

Bass, W.M Human Osteology

Bhasin, M. K & Surinder Nath Role of forensic Science in the New Millennium

Boorman and Dodd Blood Group Serology

Bridges, B.C Practical Finger printing

Brothwell, D.R Digging-up Bones

Brothwell, D.R (Ed.) Dental Anthropology

Chatterjee Finger, Plam and Sole Prints

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Chatterjee, J.B Haematological Techniques

Chaurana Human Osteology

Cherril, F.R Finger print systems at Scotland

Field Finger Print Hand Book

Gilbert, H.R Genetic markers in Human Blood

Gupta Medical Jurisprudence

Gustafson Forensic Odontology

Kind, Stuart & Michael Science against Crime

Kirby, L.T DNA Finger Printing : An Introductions

Kirk, P.L Crime investigation

Krogman The Human Skeleton in Forensic Medicine

Lundguist, F & A.S.Curry Methods in Forensic Science

Ment Modern trends in Forensic Medicine

Modi Text Book of Medical Jurisprudence and

Toxicology

Najjar, E.L Forensic Anthropology

Nicoles Methods in Forensic Science

Saferstein, R Criminalistics

Sharma, B.R Forensic Science in Criminal Investigation and

Trials

Steward, T.D Forensic Anthropology

Sudha, T Molecular Signatures (Science Reporter, August,

1992)

Surender Nath Introduction to Forensic Anthropology

Surender Nath Finger Print Identification

Symans, J Crime and Detection

Turner Forensic science and Laboratory Techniques

Yunis, J.J (Ed.) Biochemical Methods in Red cell Genetics


SPORTS ANTHROPOLOGY

Credits: 3 (2+1+0)

This paper aims to show the relation of anthropology with sports. It also tries to assess the biological

measures in body maturity and their role in sports performance. The paper even tries to highlight

the physical and physiological changes which result due to exercise.

UNIT I: Anthropology of sports

1. Anthropology and its relation to sports.

2. Physical conditioning, Training-Techniques and Physiological effects,

3. Body composition and Athletes, Nutrition, doping and performance.

UNIT II: Environmental effects on physical performance

Effect of heat stress, cold stress and high altitude on physiological performance and

response.

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UNIT III: Physical performance tests

1. Biological measures of maturity (skeletal, dental and sexual) and its role in sports

performance.

2. Racial variations in physical structure and participation in sports.

UNIT IV: Human physique and its role in sports participation and excellence. Different methods for studying human physique and assessment of body composition for

both sexes.

UNIT V: Physical activity and Health

Cardio-vascular fitness, physical work capacity and sports

UNIT VI: Gender specific sports and games

Suggested Readings:

1. Boyd W.C., 1950 Genetics and the Races of Man. Little Brown, Boston

2. Das B.M., 1980 Outlines of Physical Anthropology. Kitab Mahal, Allahabad

3. Garn S.M., 1971 Human Races. Thomas, Springfield, Illinois.

4. Hooton e.A., 1965 Up From the Ape. Motilal Banarasidas, Delhi

5. Eveleth P.B. and Worldwide Variations in Human Growth. Cambridge University

Tanner J.M., 1990 Press, Cambridge

6. Forbes G.B., 1987, Human Body Composition, Springer-Verlag, New York

Anthropology 171

7. Sheldon W.H., Stevens S.S., Varieties of Human Physique. Harper Grow, New York

Tucker, W.B. 1940

8. Lohman T.G., 1992 Advances in Body Composition Assessment, Human Kinetics,

Champaign

9. Montagu A., 1960. An Introduction to Physical Anthropology.

10. Singh I.P. and Anthropometry, Kamal-Raj Publishers, Delhi

M.K. Bhasin, 1968,

11. Singh S.P., Sidhu L.S. Skeletal Maturity, HBPS, Patiala

and J. Singh, 1992

12. Sodhi H.S., 1991 Sports Anthropometry, Anova Publishers, Mohali

13. Tanner J.M., et al., 1983 Assessment of Skeletal Maturity and Prediction of Adult Height

(TW2 method)

14. Weiner J.S. and Human Biology - A guide to Field Methods

Laurie J.A., 1969


ANTHROPOLOGY OF THE CITY

Credits: 3 (2+1+0)

Objectives: The Course looks at the city as social phenomena and acquaints students with the

anthropological and sociological perceptions of understanding city life and helps students to

understand the trends and implications of urbanization in India.

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1. The idea of the city; development of Urban Anthropology: nature and scope of Urban

Anthropology

2. Significance study of urbanization in the context of regional development

3. Definition and concepts- city, urban, urbanism, urbanization, urban locality, suburb, metro

cities, metropolis, megalopolis.

4. Urbanization as a perspective of social and historical analysis.

5. Changing face of urban communities: infrastructural development; growing heterogeneity;

merging of fringe villages; the ‘global city’; city as the melting pot of cultures and as

harbinger of social change.

UNIT II: Classical and contemporary anthropological perspectives

1. Weber – The City; Durkheim – Mechanical and Organic Solidarity

2. Alfred Schutz – subjective “knowing” and social interaction; Peter Berger and Thomas

Luckman – the social construction of reality

3. George Simmel - Metropolis and Mental Life

4. Robert Park – The city as ecological community; the natural and moral order; land values;

dominance; invasion and succession; the natural area.

5. Louis Wirth –‘Urbanism as a way of life’ – population aggregation, social heterogeneity and

its consequences for urban life

6. Patrick Geddes - Urban Ecology

7. David Harvey - Political Economy and Urbanisation

8. Manuell Castells - Urban Question, Information Society

UNIT III: Issues and challenges of urbanisation in India

1. Economic issues: poverty, unemployment and Inequity in resource access.

2. Environmental issues: ecological imbalance, degeneration of resources, pollution, waste

disposal and sanitation.

3. Socio-Cultural issues: Inequality (class, caste, ethnicity and gender), cultural invasion and

changes in life styles and culture, impact of global culture on local communities, caste

polarization, communalism and regionalism.

4. Infrastructure and amenities: water, energy (power and fuel), housing, roads, transport and

communication, health care services, education.

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5. Displacement: forest eviction, development projects (highways, dams, Special Economic

Zones, firing range, large scale industries, malls and commercial complexes, etc.).

References:

1.Dupont V, E. Tarlow and D. Vidal, 2000 Delhi. Urban Space and Human Destinies,

Delhi, Manohar,

2.Government of India, 1986, Report of the National Commission on Urbanisation, Vols I & II, New

Delhi, Government of India

3.Harvey, David, 1989 The Urban Experience, Baltimore, John Hopkins Press

4.Nair Janaki, 2005 The Promise of the Metropolis. Bangalore.s Twentieth Century, Delhi, Oxford

5.National Academic Council, 2003 Cities Transformed. Demographic Change and Its Implications in

the Developing World, Washington DC, Academic Press

6.Safa, Helen (ed.), 1982 Towards a political economy of urbanisation in the Third World Countries,

Delhi, Oxford

7.Sassen Saskia, 1991 The Global City, Princeton, Princeton University Press

8.Sivaramkrishnan K, A Kundu and B.N.Singh, 2005.Handbook of Urbanisation in India, Delhi, Oxford

9.Smith, Michael Peter, 2001, Transnational Urbanism. Locating Globalisation, London, Blackwell

10. David Harvey, The Urban Experience, Basil Blackwell, 1989.

11. Manuel Castells, The Urban Question, Haspero, 1972.

12. T.G.McGee, The Urbanisation Process in the Third World, G.Bell & Sons, 1971


ANTHROPOLOGY OF EVERYDAY LIFE: VIEW FROM CULTURAL STUDIES

Credits: 3 (2+1+0)

UNIT I:

Everyday life in contemporary world; Cultural studies: origin and development; methods; texts; the

circuit of culture, cultural intermediaries; media culture and cultural studies; audience research

concept of everyday life in contemporary societies; production and consumption of culture.

UNIT II:

Theorietical background: Gramci and the concept of hegemony; a brief overview of theories:

Structuralism; Post-structuralism and Deconstruction Marxism; Post-modernism; Feminism; Queer

theory; Post-colonial theory.

UNIT III:

Sites and locations of everyday life: cultures of consumption, space and communication.

UNIT IV:

Cultural studies in different countries and regions.

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Suggested Readings

Barker,C Cultural Studies : Theory and Practice

Buraway, Michael et al Ethnography Unbound : Power and Resistance in

the modern Metropolis

Chaney David Cultural Change and everyday life

Clifford J and G.E Marcus Writing Cultures: The poetics and Politics of

Ethnography

Doshi, S.L Post-Modern Perspective on Indian Society

Nayar P.K An Introduction to Cultural Studies

Ziauddin Sardar and Van Loon : Introducing Cultural Studies: A Graphic Guide


NEW WORLD ARCHAEOLOGY

Credits: 3 (2+1+0)

UNIT I: Land and people before the advent of Europeans.

UNIT II: Historical development of American archaeology.

UNIT III: Divisions of prehistoric past in Americas.

UNIT IV: Lithic Cultures: typology, technology and other associated traits; spirituals and cultural elimination.

UNIT V: Archaic culture, their features and distribution.

UNIT VI: Classic period with special reference to Mexican and Peru regions.

UNIT VII: Post-classic period with special reference to Tula of Tottecs.

Reading list:

1. Bennett, W. and Bird, J. : Andean Culture History.

2. Harold Driver : Indians of North America.

3. Kroeber, A.L. : Cultural and Natural Areas of Native North America.

4. Lanning, E : Peru before the Incas.

5. Leonard, J.N. : Ancient America.

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6. Morley, S.G. : The Ancient Maya.

7. Patterson, T.C.- : Americas past: A New World Archaeology.

8. Willey, R.G. : An Introduction to American Archaeology.

9. Willey, G.R & Phillip Phillips : Method and Theory in American Archaeology.

10. William, A. Haviland : The Ancient Maya


ARCHAEOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY OF EUROPE

Credits: 3 (2+1+0)

UNIT I: Pleistocene epoch in Europe: glacial and interglacial climatic episodes; bio-cultural evolution of man.

UNIT II: Human fossil finds - Swanscombe, Tautavel, Vertezollos, Neanderthal, Cro-Magnon.

UNIT III: Abbevelian and Achulean cultures: typo-technological development, chronological aspects,

associated material.

UNIT IV: Clactonian and Levallosian technologies - Mousterian cultures.

UNIT V: Upper palaeolithic cultures in Europe: Perigardian, Auregnasian, Solutrean and Magdalenian pre-

historic art.

UNIT VI: Mesolithic cultures in Europe: Azilean, Tardenoisean, Austerian, Maglemasean, Kitchen Midden and

Campegnian.

UNIT VII: Neolithic cultures in Europe.

UNIT VIII: Stone Henge: archaeological and astronomic aspects - Bronze Age civilization.


1. Bordes, F. The Old Stone Age.

2. Butzer, K.W. Environment and Archaeology.

3. Coles, J.M. and The Archaeology of Early Man. Higgs, E.S.

4. Graziozi, P. Palaeolithic Art. (English Edition)

5. Howell, W. Mankind in the Making.

6. Pfeiffer, J. The Emergence of Man.

7. Powell, T.G.E. Prehistoric Art.

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8. Shackley, M.l. Neanderthal Man.

9. Washburn, S.L. (Ed.) Social Life of Early Man.

Anthropology 182

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ARCHAEOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY OF AFRICA

Credits: 3 (2+1+0)

UNIT I: Introduction to human fossil finds in Africa-Pleistocene pluvials and inter pluvial climatic conditions.

UNIT II: Olduvoi gorge: human fossils and archaeological findings.

UNIT III: Vaal River: stratigraphy, palaeolithic cultures of South Africa.

UNIT IV: Omo River Valley: human fossils and archaeological findings.

UNIT V: Morocca: the coastal sediments and archaeological findings.


1. Alimen, H. The Prehistory of Africa. Hutchinson

2. Clark, J.D. The Prehistoric Cultures of the Horn of Africa.

3. Clark, J.D. The Prehistory of Southern Africa.

4. Cole, S. The Prehistory of East Africa.

5. Coles, J.M. and Higgs, S.S. The Archaeology of Early Man.

6. Howells, W. Mankind in the Making.

7. Howell, F.C. African Ecology and Human Evolution.

8. Mc Burney, C.B.M. The Stone Age of Nothern Africa.

9. Pfeiffer, J. The Emergence of Man.

10. Washburn, S.L. Social Life of Early Man.


ANTHROPOLOGY OF DISABILITY

Credits: 3 (2+1+0)

This course will explore disability from an anthropological perspective and examine the social,

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cultural, and historical variations in the conceptions of disability. It will focus on social situations of

people with disabilities and relations with kin, community and the wider society. Disability intersects

with issues of stigma, gender, caste, class and social exclusion. The course will explore insights

regarding cultural diversity and cross-cultural comparison, social policy and interventions in the

context of disability.

UNIT I:

Definitions of disability: illness, impairment, disability: medical model; social model; cross-cultural

perspectives on disability; caste, class, gender and disability in India, measuring disability; social

patterns; epidemiology of disability.

UNIT II:

Medical anthropology perspectives: sick role, acute vs. chronic illness, careers of disability, medical

institutions.

Societal perspectives: stigma and labeling theories, management of spoiled identity, physical and

social barriers, exclusion and discrimination, interactional issues, identity as persons with disability.

UNIT III:

Disability across the life course – childhood, adulthood, aging, disability and the family and other

relationships; caregiving, disabled identities and narratives.

Education and employment issues, disability rights movement in India, law, activism and social

policy, studying disability – ethical issues.

Suggested Readings:

1. Kasnitz, D and R Shuttleworth. (1999). Engaging anthropology in disability studies. Position

papers in disability studies 1(1): 1-35.

2. Ingstad, B and S R Whyte Eds. (2007). Disability in local and global worlds. Berkeley:

University of California Press.

3. Ingstad, B and S R Whyte. Eds. (1995). Disability and Culture. Berkeley: University of

California Press.

4. Addlakha R. (1999). Living with chronic schizophrenia: An ethnographic account of family

burden and coping strategies. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 41, 91-95.

5. Addlakha R., Das V. (2001). Disability and domestic citizenship: Stigma, contagion and the

making of the subject. Public Culture, 13, 511-531.

6. Dhanda A. (2000). Legal order and mental disorder. New Delhi, India: Sage.

7. Ghai A. (2002). Disabled women: An excluded agenda of Indian feminism. Hypatia, 16, 34-52

8. Shuttleworth, Russell. (2001). Exploring multiple roles and allegiances in ethnographic

processes in disability culture. Disability Studies Quarterly 21, 3: 103-113

9. Zola, I. (1988). Missing pieces: A chronicle of living with a disability. Philadelphia: Temple

University.

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10. Gold, G and L Duval. (1994). Working with disability: An anthropological perspective.

Anthropology of Work Review 15 (2-3)

11. Staples, J. (2012). Culture and carelessness: Constituting disability in south India. Medical

Anthropology Quarterly 26, 4: 557-74.


Dissertation

Credits: 3 (2+1+0)

Dissertation must be on a well-defined topic; the number of hours spent on the project and its

evaluation will be as per approved rules and regulations of the University.