counter resistance techniques

8/6/2019 Counter Resistance Techniques

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U N ~ L A ~ ~ ' t l t , 1, .'RITIIf'lO'Ollr'lTHE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE

1000 DErENSE PENTAGONWASf-;!INGTON, DC 203011000

A P R 1 6 2 0 D 3MEMORANDUM FORWE COMMANDER. US SOUIBERN COMMANDSUBJECf: Counter-Resistance Techniques in the Waron Terrorism (5)

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(v ..) ' . .f&jNF} I have considered the report of the Working Group that I directed beestablished on Januruy 15.2003. . ., ~ I .approve the use of specified' counter-resistance techniques. subjectto the following: .

(U) a. The techniques 1authorize are those lettered A-~ set out at Tab A(U) b. These techniques must be used with all tile safeguards described

at Tab B.. (~c. Use of these techniques is limited to interrogations of unlawfulcombatants held at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. .( v . . ) ; % l d. Prior to the use of these techniques. the Chairman of the WorkingGroup on Detainee Interrogations in the GlobalWar on Terrorism must brief youand y'our staff.~) 1reiterate that US Armed Forces shall continue to treat detainees

humanely and, to the extent appropriate and consistent with military necessity.ina manner consistent with the principles of the Geneva Conventions. Inaddition, ifyou intend to use techniques B, I.O. or X, you must specificallydete~e that military necessity requires its use and notify me inadvance.

t S f N F ) If. in your view, you require additional interrogation techniques for aparticular detainee, you should provide me, via the Chairman of the Joint Chiefsof Staff, a written request describing the proposed technique, recommendedsafeguards, and the rationale for applying it with an identified detainee.(u1st Nothing inthis memorandum inany way restricts your existing authorityto maintain good order and dtscipline among detainees.

Attachments:As stated

D eclass ified U nder Au thority of Execu tive O rder 12958By" ecut ive Secretary, Office of [he Secretary of DefenseWI!: e rn P . M arriott, C APT, U SNJ un e 1 8,2 00 4

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NOT RELEASABLE TOFORE1GN NATJONALS U ~ C L ~ I f ! E D : ~ : : : ~y: ~~~~~~ of. Declassify On: 2 Aoril 2D13, O~._.\ ; ! : - fj j


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. .TAB A

, INTERROG,ATION TECHNIQUES ,lA ) , , , "--fBIINA The use of techniques A _X ts subject to the generalsafeguardsasprovided below as well as specific implementaUon guidelines to be provided bythe approprrate authority. Specific tmplernentatron guidance With respect to.techniques A - g is provided 111Army Field Mariual 34-5~. Furtherimplementation guidance with respect to techniques R '_X,, 'w1llneed to.bedeveloped by the appropriate authority. ' .! r'1 riF l O f the techniques set forth below, the policy a'sPects of ~~,techniques should be considered to the extent those pohey .aspecta refiect the .views of other major u.s. partnernaUons. Where applicable, the de~ptJori ofthe technique is annotated to include a summary of the policy 188U~S that, 'should be considered before apphcauon of the technique, . .~), ", , '

, A. ~ Direct: Asking straightforward questions'. "'. '. ",'' (_tA)_ L ' ' , " .B. ~ Incentive/RemoVal of Incentive: Providing a reward or removing aprrvilege, above and beyond those that are required by. the Geneva Convention,from detamee s. lCautron: Otber nations that believe thatdetamees are errutledto POWprotections may consider that prov1slon and retention ofrcl1gious items(e.g .. the Koran) are protected under tntemationallaw [see. Geneva m~Article34 J . Although the provisions of the' Geneva Convention are not applicable to theinterrogation of unlawful combatants. corisrder atron sbould be given ,to' these 'views prtor to application of the technique.] . , . 'c. ~) ~m'otional LOve': Playing on the lov~ a detainee has fO~' ~individual or group.

((..-\) ., . ,D. \SI Itw-)Emotlonal Hate: Playing on the hatred a detainee has 'for a n .individual or group. ,E. ~~)NF) Fear Up Harshc S1gnificantly mcreasmg the fear level ina detainee.

( LA), F. t&f INF] Fear Up Mild: Moderately increasing the fear level in a detainee.(t.\.)'" , 'G, t I I'NF) Redu ced Fear: Reducing the fear level in adetatnee.

((,\ ')H. t-f-tNF) Prtd .md Ego.Up: Boosting the ego of a detainee.

Classified By:Reason:Declassify On:

Secretary ofDefense1.5{a)2 Apr1l20l3

NOT RELEASABLE TOFOREIGN NATlONALS Tab A


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(t.{\ ,,' ",L val/NFl Pride and Ego Down: Attacking or insulting the ego of a detainee,not beyond the limits that would apply to a POW. [Caution: Article 11,of,.Geneva m provides, "Prisoners of war , who refuse to answer m ay not be, threatened, insulted, or exposed to a n y unpleasant or disadvantageoustreatment of any kind," Other nations that believe,that detaineesare entitled toPOWPlotections may con~de~ ~s technique inconsistent : v n t h t h e provi~onsof Geneva. Although the provrsions of Geneva are not applicable to the ,'"interrogation of unlawful combatants, consideration should be given to theseviews prior to application 'of the techriique.] 'J ~~)'r~l'1 u t i li ' . , In kin th ~ lin ' f f u . ' tili f d ' itain.71 , ' ty: vo g e ree g oty 0 a e~. ,'(LA ) ,,' " ,K .. tsliNP) We Know All: Convincing the detainee that the interrogator knowsth~ answer to questions be asks the detainee, ' " 'L. ~ Establish Your Identity. Con~cing the detainee iliat,th'e,,'interrogator has mistaken the detainee for someone else. ,M; ~ 'R~titiOD Appro~ch: Continuously repeating th~ ~e qu~tiOD ~the detainee within interrogation periods ofnonnal duration. , 'N." (S~/~ File and Do~sier: Con~cing detainee that'the :i.nte~tor has a': 'damning and inaccurate file, which must be ~.' ,,9.,J//~ Mutt and Jeff: A team consisting ofa friendly and barsh r , ,interrogator. The harsh interrogator might employ the Pride and Ego D o w n.technique, [Caution: Other nations that believe that POWprotections, apply todetainees may view this technique as inconsistent With Geneva m, Article 13'which provides that POWs must be protected' against acts of intiInidation.', Although the provisions of Geneva are not applicable to the interrogation' ofunlawful combatants, con sider ation should be given to these views prior toapplication of the techriique.] .P: ~'RaPid Fire: Questioning m rapid succession W)'thout allowingdetainee to answer. " ,

(IA )Q. ( S f /NF) Silence: Staring at 'the detainee to encourage discomfort.( 0 . . . \R. fS//NP) Change of Scenery Up: Removing the detaineefrom the standardinterrogation setting (generally to a location more pleasant, but no worse).'S. ~, Change' of Scenery Do~'l1:Removing the detainee fr0111 the standardinterrogation setting arid placing him ina setting that may be less comfortable;would not constitute F < substantial change inenvironmental quality.(~) , . ' ,T. ('Sf j N F J Dietary Manipulation: Changing the diet of a detainee; no intendeddeprivation of food or water; no adverse medical or cultural effect and withoutintent to deprive subiect of food or water, e.g., hot rations to MREs. '

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(it)u . { B I I N F l Environmental Manipulation: Altering the environmerit to createmoderate discomfort (e.g., adjusting temperature or introducing an unpleasantsmell). Conditions 'WOuldnot be such that they wouldinjure the detainee.Detainee would be' accomparried by irrterrogator at o . l J times. ICaution:. Baeedon court cases inother countries, some nations may view application of thistechnique in certain circumstances to be inhumane. Consideration of theseviews should be given priorto use of this technique.]~.(S~1~F) .Sleep Adjustment: AdjUSting' the sleeping times of the detainee(c.g., reveraing sleep cyclesfrom night to day.) .This technique is NOT sleepdeprivation. .W. (S~/~i False Flag: Convincing.the detainee that indivlduals from a.country other. than the United States are interrogating him. .X. ~ Isolation: Isolating the detainee from other detainees' ~hile s t i l lcomplying with basic standards of treatment, [Caution: 'The use of isolation asan interrogation technique requ'ires detailed implementation Instructioris,including s~ci.fic guidelines regarding the length of isolation. medical and .psychologidI review, and approval for exterrsionsof the length ofisolatirmbythe appropriate level inthe chain of Command. This technique is not known tohave been generally used for interrogation purposes forIonger than 30 days ..Those nations that believe dctairreee are subject to POWprotectio~s may vieWuse of this technique as incorrsietent withthe requirements of Geneva m, '.'Article 13 'Which provides that POWs must be protected against acts ofintim.idBtion; Article 14which provides that POWs are entitled to respect fortheir person; Article 34which prohibits coercion and Article 126which. ensuresaccess and basic standards of treatment. Although the provisions of Genevaare not applicable.to the interrogation of urilawful combatants, considerationshould be given to these viC'W5' prior to application ofthe technique.] '.

U H ~ l A S S I F I t o. . Tab A~ - . .. . ... .


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TABBGENERAL SAFEGUARDS ,

~ Application of these 1nterr~gation techniques issubject to the 'ronowmggeneral safeguards: (i) Iimned to use only at strategic interrogation fadllties; (ll)there is a good basis to believe that the detainee possesses crtncal mtelugence,(ill) the detainee Ismedically and operationally evaluated as suJtable, , '(considering all techniques to be used in combinauonl: Uv)mterrogators arespecifically trained for the techruquels}; (v) a specific mterrogattori plan'(including reasonable safeguards,limJts on duration, intervals betweenapplications. termination criteria and the presence or availability of quaUftedmedical personnel) has been developed; (Vi) there Is appropnatesupervistcn; ,and. (vn) there '15appropriate specified senior approval fOT use w1th any 5peC11lCdetainee (after considering the foregoing and receiving .legal advice). '(U)The purpose of all interviews aridmterr ogatforrs Is 10'get the )noet 'information from a detainee With the least intrusive method. always app~ed Inahumane and lawful manner with sufficient oversight by trained investigatOrs orinterrogators. Operating tnstructtons must be developed based on command ,policiea .to insure uniform. careful. and safe applicauon of any tnterroganons ofdetainees.('lA-\ '""S/INPj Interrogations must always be planned. deliberate actions that takemto account numerous. often interlocking factors such as a detainee'seurrentand past performance m both .detentron and interrogation. a detainee's ,."emotional and physical strengths and weaknesses. an assessment ofpos51bleapproaches that may work on a certain detame e in an effort togam the trust ofthe detainee. strengths and weaknessesof mterrogatons, and augmentatson byother personnel for a certain detainee based on other factors. ,~ Interr ogauon approaches, a r e designed to rrianipulate the detainee'semotions and weaknesses togain his willing cooperation. Interrogationoperations a r e never conducted ina vacuum: they are conducted inclosecooperaUon with the units detaining the individuals. The policies estabUshed'by the detaining umts that pertain to searching. silencing. and segregating also 'playa role in the interrogation of a detainee. Detainee interrogation involvesdeveloping a plan tailored to an indrvidual and approved by seruor 'interrogators. Strrct adherence to policies/standard operating proceduresgoverning the administration of Interrogation techniques arid oversight isessential. '

Classified By:Reason:Declassify On:

Secretary-of Defense1.5(a)_ 2 April 2013

NOT RELE;ASABLE TOfORE1GN NATIONALS Tab B


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U M ~ L A S S I H t U~ t.l) : . . .. I I N P ) It is important that interrogators be provided reasonable latitudetovary techniques depending on the detainee's culture, strengths, weaknesses. .environment, extent of training in resistance techniques a s well as the Urgencyof obtaining information that the detainee is known to have. '. . .

. ~ While tecbnlques are considered individually wi~ this analysis, itmust be understood that in practice, techniques are usually used in .combination; t h e cumulative effect of all techniques to be employed must' be .considered 'before any decisions are made regardirigapproval for particularsituations. The title of a particular technique is not always fully descriptive of aparticular technique. With respect to the employment of any techniques ..inVOlving physical contact, stress or that could producephysical pain or harm .a detailed explanation of that technique must be provided to the decision .authority prior to any decision. .

U N G I A S S l f l t D TabB

counter resistance techniques

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