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Counting Calories Spatially: Optimizing Cross-USRunning RoutesPennsylvania State University Capstone Project (GEOG 596B)Andrew FurneAdvisor: Dr. Todd Bacastow

1Table of ContentsBackground: Explorers to RunnersDestination: Connect the FleetsStudy FactorsResearch ObjectivesGoogle MapsTreadmill Calorie ExpenditureDirectional Analysis (Gradient)Directional Analysis (Wind)Analysis Factor (Temperature)Final Results: Route ComparisonResearch Objectives: AnsweredFuture Study2Background: Explorers to Runners

To date, there have been 266 Runners to complete thetrek. In 2011 alone, there were 24 runners.3Destination: Connect the Fleets

Third FleetSan Diego, CASecond FleetVirginia Beach, VAStudy Factor:Fuel / Food Efficiency

5Study Factor:Gradient (Uphill and Downhill)

http://munfitnessblog.com/why-should-you-do-hill-training-and-8-great-tips-for-beginnerhttp://www.madetorun.com/training/running-workouts/hill-running6Study Factor: Wind (Headwinds / Tailwinds)

http://marksvo2.wordpress.com/2009/09/11/running-with-the-wind7Study Factor: Wind (Headwinds / Tailwinds)

http://marksvo2.wordpress.com/2009/09/11/running-with-the-wind8Study Factors: Temperature (Internal / External)

http://wellandgoodnyc.com/2010/06/28/todays-psa-exercise-with-caution-in-todays-inferno/#axzz1HNiKtNhvhttp://www.infobarrel.com/Cold_Weather_Running_Safety_Tips

9Research ObjectivesWhat is the optimal route, based on energy (kilocalories) consumption, from San Diego to Virginia Beach?Is the shortest walking route determined by Google Maps more energy efficient?Does the direction of travel across the United States (East to West / West to East) make a difference?Is the World Record running route across the United States more efficient than the determined route?10Google Maps:San Diego to Virginia Beach

Treadmill Calorie ExpenditureConvert Units.7.5 mph = 201 meters/minute160lbs = 72.7273 kg30 meters = .1493 minutesOxygen Used (mL/kg/min)(.2 x Speed) + (.9 x Speed x Slope) + 3.5Calories/MinutemL/kg/min x Weight x 3.5 /200Calorie Expenditure per 30 meter cellCalories/Minute x Time in Minutes

Treadmill Calorie Expenditure:Route Analysis

Calorie Expenditure: 3,350,998 kcals Length: 346,038 Meters

Directional Analysis (Gradient): Backlink and AspectNNEESESNWWSWDLLLULULRRUR

BacklinkAspectDirectional Analysis (Gradient): Incline and Decline

304050607020108034567218

Incline (Value 11)Decline (Value 15)BacklinkAspectEASTWESTDirectional Analysis (Gradient): Decline Modification

DeclineSlopeIncline.5710%1.70.5120%2.62.7130%3.68.8335%4.24140%4.951.245%5.57Directional Analysis (Gradient)Route Analysis

West to East -Calorie Expenditure: 3,156,370 kcalsLength: 345,715 MetersEast to West -Calorie Expenditure: 3,189,252 kcalsLength: 349,865 MetersDirectional Analysis (Wind):Backlink and Wind DirectionNNNENEENEEESESESSESNNWNWWNWWWSWSWSSW

DLLLULULRRURBacklinkDirectional Analysis (Wind): Headwind and Tailwind33455567732111873040506070201080

Headwind (Value 55)Tailwind (Value 51)WESTEAST

Wind EffectHeadwinds = .95 (+5%)Tailwinds = 1.08 (-8%)< 10 MPH = 1.00 (No Effect)Directional Analysis (Wind):Route Analysis

West to East -Calorie Expenditure: 3,080,250kcalsLength: 345,206 MetersEast to West -Calorie Expenditure: 3,134,995 kcalsLength: 344,611 MetersAnalysis Factor (Temperature):Month of August

Analysis Factor (Temperature):Over 60 degrees - MPH to MPerMinTemperature (F)Meters per MinuteTemperature (F)Meters per Minute6026.89520.566525.9310019.677025.0310518.787524.1411017.888023.2511516.998522.3512016.099021.4612515.20Decrease Runners pace by 30 seconds per mile for each 5 degrees over 60Analysis Factor (Temperature):Pace Modification for 1 MPH

AugustAnalysis Factor (Temperature):Treadmill Equation Modified

Analysis Factor (Temperature):Route Analysis

Calorie Expenditure: 3,165,146 kcals Length: 345,741.00 MetersFinal Results: Route ComparisonRoute AnalysisCalorie ExpenditureLength in MetersTreadmill OnlyWest to East / East to West3,350,998346,038Incline and Decline Modified West to East3,156,370345,715Incline and Decline Modified East to West3,189,252349,865Wind ModifiedWest to East3,080,250345,206Wind ModifiedEast to West3,134,995344,611Temperature ModifiedWest to East3,165,146345,741Research Objectives: AnsweredWhat is the optimal route, based on energy (kilocalories) consumption, from San Diego, California to Virginia Beach, Virginia? The optimal route across the U.S. could not be determined due to unreasonable processing time.Is the shortest walking route determined by Google Maps from San Diego, CA to Virginia Beach, VA more energy efficient, than the optimal route? For the test area, the determined route with the shortest distance did not have the least calorie expenditure. Therefore, the shortest distance is not necessarily the most energy efficient.Does the direction of travel across the United States (East to West or West to East) make a difference?For the test area, the directional factors of gradient and wind for the month of March identified West to East as the optimal direction of travel.Is the World Record running route across the United States more efficient than the determined route?As discussed, this objective was eliminated due to the difficulty and time required to capture the route accurately and acquire the data.

Future StudyData.More accurate data.Criteria.Gather more accurate statistics.Test on local areasCrowd-SourcingModel.Automate the analysis.Web Service.Publish the model as a service.

Questions?