Bubonic Plague 1347 -1352

Western and Central Europe

1CountriesBenelux Countries: Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg Alpine Countries: Austria, SwitzerlandGermany and France

2LuxembourgBelgiumNetherlandsAustriaSwitzerlandGermanyFrance

3Facts:Size: 427,902 mi (France: 212,902 mi, Luxembourg: 998 mi )Capital: Paris, France and Berlin, GermanyClimate: TemperateSpecial Landforms/waters: Rhine River, Danube River (all rivers are navigable), Alps Mountains, Pyrenees Mountains, Mont BlancArable land: 24% Germany and France: 33% Switzerland: 10% Population: 188,236,190 Germany: 82,329,758 Luxembourg: 491,775Birth Rate: 10 Death Rate: 9Life Expectancy: Total: 80, Males: 76, Females: 82

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Rhine RiverThe Rhine is one of the longest and most important river in Europe. It runs north for over 766 mi from its source in the Swiss Alps (in Switzerland).The Rhine flows through five countries -Switzerland, Austria, Germany, France and the Netherlands before flowing into the North Sea.

5Danube RiverEuropes second longest river, the Danube River, flows for nearly 1,800 miles through some of eastern Europe's most populous and frequently visited cities.Today the Danube supplies much of Europe with drinking water, power production, and irrigation for farmland.

6AlpsThe Alps is the name for one of the highest mountain range of Europe. The highest mountain peak in the Alps is Mont Blanc at 15,872 ft on the French-Italian border.

Mont Blanc7PyreneesThe Pyrenees are a range of mountains in southwest Europe that form a natural border between France and Spain. They separate the Iberian Peninsula from the rest of continental Europe, and extend for about 305 mi from the Bay of Biscay to the Mediterranean Sea.

8Facts:Nationality: IndigenousEthnic Groups: Indigenous Religion: Christian: 77% (Protestant: 16%, Roman Catholic: 61%), Muslim 4%, other 6%, none 13% Language: German, French, DutchLiteracy Rate: 99% Males and Females equalGovernment Type: Parliamentary Democracy (Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg) Presidential Democracy (France, Germany, Austria, Switzerland)

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Economy:Economy: Per capita Income: $58,350 Luxembourg: $80,700 France: $35,500 10% below poverty levelNatural Resources: Petroleum, natural gas, fish, arable land, metals, timber, coal, salt Mixed Economy Agriculture: 3%, Industry: 24%, Service: 73%Agriculture products: potatoes, dairy, barley, livestock, sugar beets, wheatMoney: $1=.74 Euro $1=.92 Swiss Franc

10Movement and Human/Environment Interaction: 79% urban air (acid rain) water pollutiondikes built to control flooding

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Other Facts:Landlocked (entirely or almost entirely surrounded by land, no access to salt water)Germany is the 2nd most populated country in Europe behind RussiaFlooding, avalanches, and earthquakes occur

Other Facts:Benelux countries: all the first members of NATO and EUBelgium is the location of many battles of WWISwitzerland is neutral in all wars and is not part of NATO or the EU, but is part of UN

Famous Sites of FranceLouve MuseumEiffel Tower

Famous Sites of France

Notre Dame Cathedral

Arc de TriompheCulture

Culture

History: France1337-1453 Fighting started in the Hundred Years' War because the Kings of England wanted to rule France. In 1429, Joan of Arc began her quest to unite the French and drive the English out of France. Joan was captured by troops and handed over to the English.Renaissance (1453-1598) Rebirth Italian artist came to France

1715 - 1804 Absolute Monarchy French Revolution (Rich vs. Poor) most people were commoners/peasants. People awakened after the American Revolution. 1789, the peasants stormed the Bastille (Prison), where the poor were regularly sent. The Revolution had begun. Peasant motto: Liberty, Equality, Fraternity. 1791 -1793 captured King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette as they tried to escape Paris dressed as servants but in the royal carriage. Both were sent to the guillotine .

French Revolution

French Revolution

Jack and JillJack and Jill went up the hill to fetch a pail of waterJack fell down and broke his crown and Jill came tumbling after.

Jack is King Louis XVIJill is Queen Marie Antoinette

Napoleon Bonaparte

Napoleon Bonaparte1799 56 Napoleon Bonaparte rose through French Army. 1804- 1805 After the revolution was over, a dictatorship was established. Reign of Terror thousands who were believed to have anything to do with the monarchy were executed. Napoleon helped lead a coup against the dictator. He made himself leader, crowned himself and gave himself the title Emperor. He helped Frances empire grow.1813 Attacked Russia and was defeated1815 defeated at Waterloo, Belgium he was outnumbered 120,000 to 72,000 (48,500 French died or wounded) he was sent to Island St Helena (Exiled)1821 died of stomach cancer at 57 years old

History: Germany (Prussia)1517 Halloween, a German Monk, Martin Luther nailed the 95 complaints on the church door leading to Protestant Reformation

WWIOn June 28th 1914, the heir to the Austrian Empire, Archduke Ferdinand, was visiting Serbia and was assassinated.Austria decided that Serbia must be punished and planned to invade her. Serbia called on Russia to help her. This begins the alliances. Serbia would have been easy for Austria to crush. Russia was a different issue. Austria called on Germany for help. The German government agreed to this and their response provoked the French government.Germans attacked France through Belgium.British went to protect Belgium, so declared war on Germany. Italy declared war on Germany and AustriaThe Lusitania was sunk by a German U-boatUSA declared war on Germany

WWIAllies/Entente Central PowersBritain GermanyRussia Austria/Hungary France Serbia United States Italy Japan

WWI

1937 HindenburgInventions of WWITankSubmarineFlamethrowerWar planesGrenadesPoison GasMachine guns

1919 The Treaty of Versailles was signed by the Germans.

Germany lost many previously controlled landsGermanys army was reduced to 100,000 men;No tanks or air forceOnly 6 naval ships and no submarinesGermany had to pay reparations, most would go to France and Belgium to pay for the damage done to both countries by the war. Germany had to admit full responsibility for starting the war.

A League of Nations (early form of the UN) was set up to keep world peace.

Treaty of Versailles

WWII1933 Hitler, an Austrian, becomes chancellor of Germany. He has a strong sense of nationalism.1934 President Hindenburg dies. Hitler takes over the President's powers. 1935 Hitler announces that Germany has an air force. Hitler also passes the Nuremberg Laws oppressing Jews. (Holocaust (genocide) as a result: 6 million Jews die, they are spread thorough out the world, genocide becomes a war crime, Israel is established as a home land for Jews) 1938 Germany invades Austria1939 Germany invades Poland, England and France declare war on Germany. (Begins WWII)1940 Germany invades many European countries, begins the attack on England (Blitzkrieg)1941 Germany attacks Russia, Japan attacks Pearl Harbor (December 7, 1941)1944 D-Day Allies land on Normandy 1945 Russia invades Germany from the East. Britain and the USA invade from the west. Hitler commits suicide and Germany surrenders (May 8, 1945 VE Day) August 6, 1945 bombing of Japan (Hiroshima), August 9 Nagasaki, Japan surrenders WWII over

Pearl Harbor before the attack

Pearl HarborAttack on Pearl Harbor

Attack on Pearl Harbor

Attack on Pearl Harbor

Attack on Pearl Harbor

Kamikaze Pilots

USS Columbia hit by kamikaze. Kamikaze PilotsAfter the attack on Pearl Harbor

After the attack on Pearl Harbor

Today in Pearl Harbor the USS Arizona

WWII Allies AxisU.S. GermanyU.K. ItalyFrance JapanRussia FinlandChina

The Atomic Bomb and Japan

Enola Gay

The Atomic BombsLittle Boy HiroshimaFat Man - Nagasaki Name: Little BoyType: Uranium gun-type fissionWeight: 9,700lb (4400 kg)Length: 10 ft, 6 in (3.2m)Diameter: 29 in (0.737m)Explosive Yield: 15,000 tons of TNT

Name: Fat ManType: Plutonium fissionWeight: 10,000lb (4535 kg)Length: 10 ft, 8 in (3.25 m)Diameter: 5 ft (1.52 m)Explosive Yield: 21,000 tons of TNT

Hiroshima before the BombHiroshima after the Bomb

The explosion created a supersonic shock wave which was responsible for destroying most of the buildings in the blast zone.Fully half of the bomb's released energy was released in the form of this wind, which spread out at 1000 miles/hr.It not only knocked things down, it also filled the air with debris.The section of concrete wall below has numerous glass shards embedded in it, even though it was 1 miles from the blast center. The heat of the blast, estimated at 3000 to 4000 degrees Celsius (5500 to 7000 degrees Fahrenheit) immediately below the explosion, was sufficient to melt glass bottles such as these, which were mile away.

The photograph on the right shows the dark portion of the pattern of the clothing imprinted on the skin by the powerful heat rays. This is also called secondary burns, in which the skin under the clothing received burns through the clothes scorched by the heat rays.

Berlin Wall1949 A new state, West Germany and East Germany are created.1961 Communists build the Berlin Wall 12 feet tall, 4 feet wide, 96 miles long1989 The Berlin Wall falls (end of the Soviet Union) Germany reunified

Leaders of WWII

F. D. Roosevelt

H. Tojo

J. Stalin

A. Hitler

B. Mussolini

W. Churchill

H. S. TrumanWhat happened to them?FDR: while at Warm Springs, Georgia, he died of a cerebral hemorrhage. Stalin: 73 years of age, had suffered a cerebral hemorrhage and died Churchill: died at 90 years old of a strokeTruman: died at 88 years old of heart failureMussolini: executed by firing squad, body was then hung upside down on meat hooks at a gas station and stonedHitler: Committed suicide in bunker with wife and had bodies burnedTojo: attempted suicide by shooting himself four times, however the shots missed vital arteries and his heart and so, he pleaded guilty to war crimes. He underwent emergency surgery and was moved to prison. Once he had recovered he was sentenced to death and hanged.