NameWednesday, January 16

Date

Country Clues - Settlers from European CountriesBy Sharon Fabian

When an archaeologist needs clues to the past, he digs. When we needclues, we have it much easier. There are many places we can go to findclues about the past. For instance, we can go to a web site, we can take atrip to a museum, or we can attend a historical reenactment. We can alsosearch in books for stories, documents, and maps.

Read the following paragraphs for clues about a few of the Europeancountries, in addition to England, that sent settlers to America duringcolonial times.

After William Penn established the colony of Pennsylvania as a place ofreligious tolerance, a large group of people from the central part of Europe emigrated there. Like the Englishsettlers, most of these people were farmers. They used the latest farming methods, brought from their homecountry. Some of these settlers belonged to the religions known as Amish and Mennonite. The Amish and theMennonites were pacifists; they believed in peace, and they refused to fight. In their home country they had beenpersecuted for their beliefs, and so they enjoyed the religious freedom of Pennsylvania. They brought their owncustoms and styles to Pennsylvania too. Their plain style of clothing and brightly painted "hex signs" have becometrademarks of the Pennsylvania Dutch region. If you visit the Pennsylvania Dutch region, you will more about thelifestyle of Colonial Pennsylvania because some of the Amish and Mennonites still choose to live in that simplerstyle today. However, these settlers were not really Dutch at all. They were from Germany.

Explorers began to settle in Florida as early as the 1500's. They built the first permanent European settlement inFlorida and named it St. Augustine. St. Augustine eventually became the location for government buildings andchurches as well as private homes. However, in its early days, St. Augustine was vulnerable to attack, and so theearly Florida settlers built Castillo De San Marcos. Castillo De San Marcos is the fort that guards the city of St.Augustine. Both St. Augustine and Castillo De San Marcos are historic attractions today, and if you visit them, youwill learn many clues to the way colonial Floridians lived. Castillo De San Marcos was an outpost of the SpanishEmpire, and so you can see that the early settlers of Florida were from the country of Spain.

If you search through a book of old US maps, you are sure to find a map of the Louisiana Purchase of 1803. TheLouisiana Purchase doubled the size of the United States. It also increased the diversity of the US population sincethis large area was settled by a country other than England. The Louisiana Purchase extended down the middle ofthe United States from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico. A closer look at your map will show you how important theport city of New Orleans is to that region. New Orleans was founded in 1718 by Jean Baptiste le Moyne. Since thattime, New Orleans has become a thriving European style city famous for its jazz music and festivities, but in theearly 1700's, it was a frontier town. Native Americans were already established in the area; African Americansmoved to New Orleans to begin a new life; and the European settlers prospered there as well. The Europeansettlers of New Orleans were from France.

Sweden also sent colonists to America. Holland sent colonists to America too. So did other European countries.Where could you look to find clues about the lives of these early settlers?

NameWednesday, January 16

Date

Country Clues - Settlers from European Countries

Questions

1. The Pennsylvania Dutch were originally from ______.

A. GermanyB. HollandC. SpainD. France

2. The first European settlers in Florida were from ______.

A. SpainB. FranceC. North AmericaD. Germany

3. New Orleans was settled by Europeans from ______.

A. AfricaB. FranceC. SpainD. Germany

4. A plain style of dress and brightly painted "hex signs" are trademarks of the ______ region.

A. Florida coastB. Pennsylvania DutchC. New OrleansD. Louisiana Purchase

5. The colonial town of ______ has become a city known for its jazz music.

A. PhiladelphiaB. New OrleansC. St. AugustineD. Pittsburgh

6. You can tour Castillo De San Marcos when you visit ______.

A. New OrleansB. PennsylvaniaC. St. AugustineD. Sweden

7. Clues to history mentioned in this article include ______.

A. mapsB. peopleC. a restored townD. all of the above

8. Sources for historical information that could be used in a history report include ______.

A. mapsB. peopleC. a restored townD. all of the above

NameThursday, January 17

Date

The New England ColoniesBy Sharon Fabian

New England is a hilly, rocky place. It is situated along the northeast coast ofthe United States. The New England landscape was formed by glaciers millionsof years ago. When European colonists arrived in New England, their first viewof their new land would have been the sight of dense forests. When they beganto settle in the 1600's, they had to develop ways of life suited to the landscape.

Towns grew up along the coast, where ships could bring more settlers, deliversupplies, and load up with export goods. In each town, craftsmen worked at theirtrades, providing necessities for the colonists and goods for export. Many ofthem worked in the shipbuilding industry, providing planks for building ships,spars to hold the ships' sails, and pitch for making the ships waterproof. OtherNew Englanders fished for a living, reeling in not only oysters, lobsters, crabs,and fish to eat, but money from the export of seafood as well.

Colonists had to grow their own food, and so they also had small farms. Many people lived and worked in townand also grew crops or raised a few animals on a small farm just outside of town. New Englanders did not live onlarge, independent farms like settlers in the middle and southern colonies because they did not have either flat landor rich soil.

New England colonies were small and closely knit. Often they were located at a great distance from the next town.So, the town itself had to be very self-sufficient. For New England colonists, the town was the center ofgovernment and the center of their church life. Schools and shops were also located in the town.

The center of town, where all of the activity took place, was known as the common. The town meeting hall wasthe main building. In the early colonies around Plymouth, Massachusetts, the meeting hall was where both churchservices and local government meetings took place. The men who owned land and were the heads of thehouseholds were also leaders of the church and the leaders of the government as well. The idea of separation ofchurch and state had not taken hold yet. Later colonies, especially those established in Rhode Island, woulddevelop that idea.

Among their other duties, the town hall leaders were in charge of hiring people for certain important posts. Theyhired the fence viewer, who made sure that the fences of the town were kept in order, and they also hired thetithing man, who kept worshipers awake during the long church services by poking them with a long stick whennecessary.

Everyone in the town was required to attend Sunday worship services. A bell on the meeting hall would ring eachSunday morning to call everyone to church. The services were long, lasting most of the day with a break for lunch.Everyone sat on long wooden benches or in wooden pews listening to hours of preaching and teaching. With thetithing man always nearby, they tried to stay awake and pay attention to the whole service.

People's homes were located in town too. They could walk to the town hall, the shops, and school. They mightonly have had to hitch up their wagon when they needed to work on their farm.

The houses themselves were small and sturdy with a really large chimney. They were built to be safe from icywinter weather and safe from attacks. Fireplaces provided all of the heat and were also used for cooking. Anaverage house may have had one main floor with maybe two rooms and a partial upper floor known as a garret.

Colonial life in New England had its own character, as did colonial life in each of the other divisions of the earlycolonies - the middle colonies and the southern colonies.

NameThursday, January 17

Date

The New England Colonies

Questions

1. One duty of the tithing man was to ______.

A. lead the choirB. provide lunchC. keep the worshipers awakeD. preach a sermon

2. The fence viewer ______.

A. checked the fencesB. repaired the fencedC. built the fencesD. caught cows and horses who escaped from their fences

3. Because New England is a cold part of the country, colonial houses in New England were built with a large______.

A. front yardB. electric furnaceC. chimneyD. window

4. The idea of separation of church and state began in the first New England colony.

A. falseB. true

5. New England is in the ______ part of the United States.

A. northwestB. southwestC. southeastD. northeast

6. ______ is a New England state.

A. MassachusettsB. New MexicoC. VirginiaD. Michigan

7. Settlers in the New England colonies usually lived ______.

A. in townB. on a large farmC. in a suburban neighborhoodD. none of the above

8. The most important building in a colonial New England town was the ______.

A. post officeB. town meeting hallC. libraryD. video store

NameFriday, January 18

Date

A Colonial ChristmasBy Sharon Fabian

This is how I always pictured a colonial Christmas. It starts with a really bigChristmas tree. A family goes out somewhere in the New England woods andcuts down a beautiful, tall, evergreen tree. Next, they load the tree onto theirsleigh, and their horses carry it home through the snow.

In the days to come, the family prepares all kinds of homemade Christmastreats. The children make ornaments from materials at hand and hang themon the tree. Mother bakes cakes, cookies, and pies. Each member of thefamily creates a hand-made gift for everyone else. Candles burning in eachwindow give a festive, but old-fashioned, glow to the season.

In the evening, the children go to bed early after listening to "The Night Before Christmas." They dream ofChristmas morning when they will find their stockings filled with treats and hanging on the fireplace mantle.

There's only one small problem with my mental picture of a colonial Christmas. It never happened.

Later, I learned about the Christmas celebrations at Colonial Williamsburg. There, the whole town is lit up withcandles for Christmas. Wreaths made of greens and decorated with fruits such as oranges and pineapples decorateeach door. Garlands of more greenery and fruit continue the traditional Christmas theme. Visitors come fromeverywhere to enjoy the look of a colonial Christmas.

There's one small problem with this picture too, and the people of Colonial Williamsburg are the first to point itout. It isn't authentic either.

So, what was a colonial Christmas really like?

Some colonists didn't celebrate Christmas at all. Some of the religious groups, such as the Puritans, believed that itwas wrong to celebrate Christmas. They felt that a celebration with feasting and fun was sinful. Some colonieseven made Christmas celebrations illegal. In 1659, Massachusetts charged a fine of five shillings to anyone caughtcelebrating Christmas. Connecticut made specific Christmas-related activities illegal. It was illegal to performChristmas music or to bake a mince pie.

Some colonists did celebrate Christmas. They decorated their churches and their homes with evergreens andmaybe winter berries, but not with oranges and pineapples. These fruits were expensive and would have been atreat to eat, not used for decoration. The greenery brightened up the rooms and lent them a nice fresh smell.

They celebrated Christmas day with church services and a feast. The holiday table held plenty of fresh meats andmaybe seafood. Since it was midwinter, there would have been few fresh fruits or vegetables, although amincemeat pie with apples and raisins might have been served. Families took time to visit relatives and friends,and singing carols was a favorite holiday activity.

Colonists did not exchange gifts the way many people do today; however, the adults may have given small toys ortreats to the children. Treats were also given to workers including indentured servants and slaves at Christmas time."The Night Before Christmas" hadn't even been written yet.

Some of the very wealthy families planned a more elaborate Christmas celebration. These festivities might last fortwelve days, beginning with Christmas Day and continuing until Twelfth Night. The events planned might includefancy-dress balls and a fox-hunt - activities for adults, not children.

This was Christmas in colonial times. The "old-fashioned" Christmas that we like to imagine actually began muchlater.

NameFriday, January 18

Date

A Colonial Christmas

Questions

1. In colonial times, every family had a real Christmas tree.

A. trueB. false

2. "The Night Before Christmas" was written in colonial times.

A. falseB. true

3. The Christmas celebration at Colonial Williamsburg can best be described as an authentic colonialChristmas.

A. trueB. false

4. In colonial times, churches and homes were decorated with evergreens.

A. trueB. false

5. Which would most likely be served at a colonial Christmas dinner?

A. fresh fruitsB. Toll House cookiesC. turkeyD. green beans

6. Who most likely received a present on Christmas in colonial times?

A. parentsB. teachersC. bossesD. children

7. Who most likely attended a colonial Christmas ball?

A. adultsB. servantsC. familiesD. children

8. A garland of Christmas greenery in a colonial house would most likely have been decorated with ______.

A. strings of lightsB. plastic flowersC. glass ornamentsD. berries

NameSaturday, January 19

Date

Tavern KeeperBy Sharon Fabian

From the carved sign hanging out front to the conversation inside, a colonial tavern was an interesting place. Acolonial tavern was part bar, part restaurant, part motel, and part stable. It was also the place where meetings of allsorts and events like formal balls were held.

An important task for someone opening up a tavern would have been to have a sign made. Since many people incolonial times could not read, a sign with a picture was a necessity. Tavern signs were often carved from wood, butsome were also painted on plaster or cast in metal. The sign indicated the name of the tavern. Some tavern names,such as The King's Arms, showed the tavern keeper's allegiance to England. Some, such as the WashingtonTavern, showed the tavern keeper's American patriotism. Other names, such as the Goat and Compass or The Pigand Carrot are more of a mystery.

Inside the tavern, travelers and locals would all be made welcome. Travelers might want dinner and overnightaccommodations, as well as place outside for their horse. Locals might just want a place to meet and socialize.

A typical tavern might have several small rooms and one large room on the main floor. There might be a parlorwhere lady travelers could rest and a taproom where beer and cider were served. The large room might have beenused for elegant balls on special occasions. Upstairs, the tavern often had sleeping quarters. In the early days ofcolonial taverns, visitors might sleep four to a mattress in one big sleeping room. Later, private rooms were addedto some taverns. Downstairs in the basement, or possibly in a separate building out back, would be the kitchen aswell as a place for the tavern workers to sleep. Behind the tavern, there was often a stable where travelers couldrest their horses.

Smaller taverns only served beer and cider, but larger ones might have served wine and spirits as well. Tavernsalso served meals - breakfast, dinner, and supper.

A night's stay in a tavern in colonial times, including meals and a stable for the traveler's horse might cost about$2.00. Here are the prices charged by one colonial tavern: Lodging - $.12 1/2, Breakfast - $.37 1/2, Dinner - $.50,Supper - $.37 1/2, Lodging for the horse - $.50.

Local townspeople often came to the tavern to talk and catch up on the news.

Some government leaders and businessmen conducted business over meetings at the tavern. Visitors to the tavernread local and foreign newspapers there.

Since the tavern sometimes had the only large meeting room in town, a variety of special events were held in thetavern. Colonial taverns hosted concerts and auctions among other activities.

The tavern keeper had to keep all of this running smoothly. He or she had to be a master of many trades. Mostcolonial taverns were kept by men, but not all. According to one estimate, a woman operated one of every fivecolonial taverns. Tavern keepers at that time were usually respected citizens of the community. Citizens wanted atavern keeper who could prevent trouble and guarantee safety for the travelers staying there.

Whether it was the Raleigh Tavern in Williamsburg, the Man Full of Trouble Tavern on Philadelphia's waterfront,or the Pig and Carrot, managing a tavern was a busy and demanding job.

NameSaturday, January 19

Date

Tavern Keeper

Questions

1. In colonial times, taverns were ______.

A. popular meeting placesB. present in only a few townsC. present only in Williamsburg and PhiladelphiaD. not allowed

2. A tavern sign told ______.

A. whether the tavern had any vacanciesB. whether the tavern was open or closedC. the name of the tavernD. the tavern's menu

3. A tavern usually included ______.

A. private sleeping rooms for each guestB. rooms for eating, drinking, and sleeping, and a place to stable horsesC. dining rooms for elegant meals and fast food service for quicker mealsD. one room

4. A tavern keeper ______.

A. served drinksB. served foodC. provided accommodations for travelersD. all of the above

5. According to the article, which of the following is true?

A. Women could work in taverns but not be a tavern keeper.B. All tavern keepers were women.C. Women were not allowed to be tavern keepers.D. Some tavern keepers were women.

6. The cost of a meal in a colonial tavern was about ______.

A. $2.00B. $20.00C. $.50 or lessD. less than $.01

7. ______ would probably have been in the basement of the tavern.

A. the taproomB. stablesC. the kitchenD. sleeping rooms

8. The Pig and Carrot was a ______.

A. drinkB. mealC. tavernD. none of the above

NameSunday, January 20

Date

The First AmericansBy Sharon Fabian

When the first European settlers arrived in America, they found wide-open spaces.It looked like an abundance of free land, theirs for the taking. Soon, more andmore settlers were crossing the Atlantic to take advantage of the free land.

Of course, America was not an unoccupied land; it had already been occupied fora long time. A very long time.

Tribes of Native Americans already inhabited the land that we now call America.Some estimates suggest that Native Americans have lived in America for 20,000years. The estimates vary widely, but they all agree that the number is in thethousands of years.

The Native Americans had very different lifestyles and beliefs from the settlers.

One important difference was that they did not believe in the individual ownershipof land. Individual people or families did not hold deeds to their own plot of land.Many Native Americans believed that the land was theirs to use but not to own. They believed that people shoulduse the land wisely and respectfully and leave it in good condition for the future generations. Certain pieces of landheld special significance to a particular tribe. To the members of the tribe, that land was sacred.

Another difference was that many Native Americans did not practice the settled-down farming lifestyle that manyof the European settlers did. Some Indians were nomadic, following buffalo herds rather than living in one place.Others grew some crops but also hunted and gathered much of their food.

A third difference was that Europeans were used to putting things down in writing. Many Native Americanspassed down their important information and important legends through oral history.

One of the first Indian tribes that the settlers met in America was the Wampanoag Tribe. An agreement betweenthe Wampanoag and the Plymouth settlers was one of the first treaties of its kind.

During colonial times, many tribes lived in the area that would become the thirteen colonies.

In the northeast, there were, among others, many members of the Iroquois Federation - the Mohawk, Onondaga,Oneida, Seneca, and Cayuga tribes.

In the Southeast some of the larger tribes were the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Natchez.

In the early colonial days, settlers often received help for the Native Americans. The Native Americans taught thenewcomers that crops like corn, beans, and squash would grow well here. They traded food that the settlers couldnot provide for themselves for items that they wanted - like guns and certain tools.

Before long, relations between the Native Americans and the settlers became more troublesome. As more andmore settlers arrived, they laid claim to more and more Indian land. Sometimes, they used their more advancedweapons to take the land by force. A whole series of conflicts, known as the Indian wars, was soon in progress.The Indian Wars would continue for many years.

The name "Indians" came from the time of Christopher Columbus, when he mistakenly thought he had discoveredthe West Indies and called the inhabitants Indians. Later, the terms Native Americans and First Americans, whichwere more accurate, came into use.

Those were not the names chosen by the tribes, however. The original names, each one in an original NativeAmerican language, often translated to something like "the people," or "the real people" in English. The real name

NameSunday, January 20

Date

of the Delaware Indians means "genuine people." The Wampanoag call themselves the "people of the first light."

By any name, these are the people who first lived in America. To the Native Americans, the rest of us must seemlike we just arrived yesterday.

The First Americans

Questions

1. Native Americans have lived in America ______.

A. for 1000 yearsB. since the 1800'sC. since colonial timesD. for thousands of years

2. The name Indian came from ______.

A. a mistake by ColumbusB. a Delaware Indian nameC. a colonial word for "Native American"D. a Wampanoag word

3. The ______ tribe made a treaty with the Plymouth settlers.

A. DelawareB. IroquoisC. WampanoagD. Creek

4. A major area of conflict between the Native Americans and the settlers was ______.

A. corn cropsB. land ownershipC. dressD. none of the above

5. Buffalo were especially important to the ______.

A. Native AmericansB. settlersC. ColonistsD. Europeans

6. The term Indian Wars refers to conflicts between ______.

A. Native Americans and settlersB. Iroquois and CherokeeC. Native Americans and First AmericansD. Onondaga and Oneida

7. The settlers traded with the Native Americans to get ______.

A. foodB. shipsC. moneyD. guns

NameSunday, January 20

Date

8. Many Native Americans passed down legends through ______.

A. narrative poemsB. realistic novelsC. secret codes that only the Native Americans knewD. stories that were memorized and repeated

Many Native Americans believed in the importance of using but not abusing the land - leaving it in goodcondition for future generations. List some specific things that people can do to leave the land in good shape forfuture generations.

NameMonday, January 21

Date

The Middle ColoniesBy Sharon Fabian

The Middle Colonies were all about compromise. Emigrants from a variety ofEuropean countries settled the Middle Colonies of New York, New Jersey,Pennsylvania, and Delaware. People of all religions came to the Middle Coloniestoo. The Middle Colonies became home to Dutch Mennonites, FrenchHuguenots, German Baptists, Portuguese Jews, and English Anglicans.Lutherans, Quakers, Moravians, Amish, Dunkers, Presbyterians, and Catholicssettled in the four Middle Colonies.

They all got along or at least tolerated each other. Maybe it was the MiddleColonies that gave America the name "Melting Pot."

This hadn't always happened in colonial settlements. In Massachusetts, thePuritans found a place where they could settle and have freedom of religion.However, when people from other religions came to Plymouth Colony, they werenot so fortunate. They found themselves unwelcome in the Puritan settlements and had to move on to begin newcolonies of their own.

New York:

Dutch settlers sailed up the Hudson River and settled in the area that is now New York. They named it NewNetherlands. In 1664, New Netherlands was conquered by the British and became New York. Throughout NewYork State, many religions and nationalities began their own individual settlements. New York City, being theport of entry for many later immigrants, became a melting pot of all religions and nationalities.

New Jersey:

Many religious groups seeking religious freedom settled in New Jersey. Congregations with a wide range ofreligious ideas settled in New Jersey. These New Jersey immigrants often adopted the one-room log cabin styleof house brought over by the Swedish. Religious services were often held in a barn where there was enough roomfor everyone. Since there were not many clergymen among the immigrants, many of the services were conductedby members of the congregation.

Pennsylvania:

William Penn founded the colony of Pennsylvania in the early 1680's. He had been born into the AnglicanChurch but left it to join the Quakers. In England, the Quakers were not free to practice their religion, so whenhis father received the charter to Pennsylvania as payment of a debt from the king, William Penn sailed toAmerica. Penn and the other Quakers, also known as the Society of Friends, founded a colony that practiced apolicy of tolerance, accepting people of all religions. In fact, the Quakers are known for their tolerance for allpeople. They oppose war and are well-known as pacifists.

Delaware:

Scandinavian Lutherans and Dutch Reformed groups settled Delaware. Quakers from England also movedinto Delaware, and so did Baptists from Wales. Like all of the Middle Colonies, Delaware was also home toNative American tribes. The Indians in Delaware, the Lenape Indians, became known as the Delaware tribe. Ofcourse, the Native American tribes each had their own religions and ways of life too.

The settlers of the Middle Colonies discovered something that other colonists had not yet discovered: if youwant freedom of religion and freedom to live your own lifestyle, you need to grant the same freedoms to yourneighbors.

NameMonday, January 21

Date

The Middle Colonies

Questions

1. The Middle Colonies do not include ______.

A. VirginiaB. DelawareC. New YorkD. Pennsylvania

2. The Middle Colonies became known for religious ______.

A. persecutionB. toleranceC. leadersD. services

3. People of various religions who came to the colonies around Plymouth, Massachusetts found religiousfreedom.

A. trueB. false

4. Native Americans had no religion before the European settlers arrived.

A. trueB. false

5. New York was settled by the ______.

A. MennonitesB. PortugueseC. DutchD. Quakers

6. Religious services in colonial New Jersey were often held in a barn because of its ______.

A. locationB. temperatureC. décorD. size

7. Based on the information in the article, you could infer that the ______ would be opposed to the War inIraq.

A. MennonitesB. BaptistsC. QuakersD. Huguenots

8. People from all of the following places, except ______, lived in colonial Delaware.

A. ScandinaviaB. North AmericaC. VietnamD. Holland

NameTuesday, January 22

Date

The French and Indian WarBy Sharon Fabian

In 1754, George Washington was a young Virginian, and the United States was not yet a country. In that year,Washington was sent West by the governor of Virginia to take care of a problem there.

The problem was located in the Ohio Valley, the area between the Appalachian Mountains and the MississippiRiver. English settlers from Virginia, who were beginning to think about occupying more land, had formed theOhio Company and made plans to expand westward. At the same time, the French were also expanding into theOhio Valley area. Native Americans had occupied the area all along. The problem was that all three groups hadclaims to the same land.

George Washington, a 22 year-old major in the Virginia militia, had a mission. His mission was to tell the Frenchto go away.

The French settlers didn't go away. They built a fort, Fort Duquesne.

Next, George Washington and his men built a fort nearby. Fort Necessity, as it was called, was small - only 53 feetin diameter. Its wooden palisades were built of split logs. Surrounding the fort itself were earth trenches fromwhich the men tried to defend the fort.

The battles around Fort Necessity were the first battles of the French and Indian War, even though neither side, theBritish or the French, had declared war yet.

Even though war had not been declared, the battles between the French and the British were getting a lot ofpublicity. Newspapers published news reports of French troops marching down from Canada. They publishedreports of a French plan to take over the whole area. A Maryland newspaper, the Gazette, published accounts of thebattles taken from George Washington's own journal.

The newspapers began to call for the colonies to unite to defend themselves against the French and the Indians.The Pennsylvania Gazette published a picture of a snake cut into parts. Each part represented one of the thirteencolonies, and the caption said "JOIN or DIE."

In 1756, the war became official. From 1756 through 1763, the French and the British fought over land inAmerica. Each side was supported by several Indian tribes at various times. At first, the French seemed to bewinning, but after the first two years, the British began to gain the upper hand. They captured French territories inwhat is now the United States and Canada.

In 1763 the French and Indian War ended in America. The Seven Years War, which was the name of the same warin Europe, was finished too. The Treaty of Paris, signed at the end of the war, gave all of North America east of theMississippi, except New Orleans, to Britain. France had lost much of its hold on North America. Many of theNative Americans in the area accepted treaties with the British or moved further west.

The British colonists entered into a new phase of their life in America. The years of the French and Indian Warhad transformed the original thirteen colonies and the westward settlements. They were no longer only separatecolonies and British subjects. The colonists were starting to think of themselves as Americans. They werebecoming a large and united group of people that could look out for itself. The French and Indian War had begunto shape a future United States.

NameTuesday, January 22

Date

The French and Indian War

Questions

1. The two opposing sides in the French and Indian War were the ______ and the ______.

A. French, IndiansB. French, AmericansC. Indians, BritishD. French, British

2. Which side did the Indians support?

A. the FrenchB. the BritishC. bothD. neither

3. Which side did the settlers of the original 13 colonies support?

A. the FrenchB. bothC. the BritishD. neither

4. The ______ was the treaty that ended the war.

A. French and Indian TreatyB. Seven Years TreatyC. Treaty of ParisD. none of the above

5. The Pennsylvania Gazette published a drawing that encouraged the colonists to ______.

A. protestB. fightC. uniteD. work

6. The Maryland Gazette stirred up interest in the war by publishing ______ journals.

A. children'sB. George Washington'sC. IndianD. French

7. ______ won the war.

A. EuropeB. FranceC. The IndiansD. Great Britain

8. A gazette is a ______.

A. bookB. book of rulesC. newspaperD. journal