country overview_ nepal

8/2/2019 Country Overview_ Nepal

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URBAN KNOWLEDGE PLATFORM

Nepal


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Overview

Urbanization Trend

Experiences

Major Achievements

Issues and Problems

Challenges

Lessons Learnt


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Urbanization TrendYear Total

population

(Millions)

No. of

municipalities

Urban

population

(000)

Level of

Urbanization

1971 9.4 16 339 4.0

1981 15.2 23 962 6.3

1991 18.1 33 1629 9.0

2001 23.2 58 3228 13.9

2011 26.6 58 4500 17.0


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Key Experiences

Traditional towns planned as compact settlements withinclusive designs

Conventional land use and physical development plans

Failure of Physical Development Plans

Innovations in planning like Integrated ActionPlanning, Periodic Plans

Land Development: GLD, Land pooling, etc. Urban Regeneration/Upgrading.

Real estate development and organized housing and

financing.


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Major Achievements

Land development programs have guided the provision ofinfrastructure. Opening up of new resources with increased access to land:

land pooling projects made lots of resources available andmade them more accessible to people.

Empowerment and decentralization with stronger localleadership through capacity building and innovations inplanning.

People are empowered with increase in awareness as theybecome engaged in community action for urbandevelopment and environment improvement.

Increasing access to finance for housing, real estate, andurban development. Enormous investments were made in

housing and real estates. Savings mobilized through housingfinance and infrastructure investments.


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Issues and problems

Increasing disparity with regional imbalances and formation

of slums and squatters Adverse impacts of globalization in terms of livability and

poverty reduction with exposure to unsustainable culturefrom out side

Sprawl growth and environmental and commuting problems Under-utilization of existing infrastructure already in place Poor maintenance and operation of public utilities Irregular provision of services

Decreasing access of the poor to shelter, jobs, infrastructure,and services also due to market distortion

Increasing cost of environmental services Lack of good governance: unwillingness to serve the

people, lack of accountability etc.


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Challenges

Increasing deprivation, exclusion, and conflicts

Provision of housing, infrastructure and services to thegrowing population while reducing per capita GHG

emissions

Mitigation of Climate Change impacts while coping withgrowing economic activities

Failure to adapt to and cope with climate change disasters

lead to environmental deterioration in cities Worsening condition of environment with depletion of

environmental resources

Decreasing productivity due to lack of adequate

infrastructure and services


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Lessons Learnt

As conventional ways have proved to be notsufficient, the traditional ways will also co-exist inthe production of urban services.

The blending of the two should be based oncombined sustainability. In order to ensure the viability of community

produced services, these need to be integrated with

the city wide networks.


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It is not necessarily good for a society in transition tomove to modern ways of living. The need to dependon the community decreases as the family income

increases but this is not the solution as the familyduring the transition sacrifices most of the things ithad been enjoying.

Integrate culture and development by working withthe people and providing them technological optionsto make full use of the cultural resources.

Encourage training and HRD activities and buildcapacity for inclusive designs.


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Nepals traditional towns are becoming less inclusiveover time due to the failure to transform in line with themodern trends.

There is an erosion of cultural and religious values. There is a shift towards unsustainable ways of living .

Reliance on outside economies is increasing.

Cities face increasing and a diverse set of problemsrelating to different population cohorts/groups.

The failure to retain social networks with mutual helpleads to the loss of inclusiveness in the society.


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Thank you !!!

country overview_ nepal

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