country report 2007 on eeveryting from thailand · 1. introduction in the year 1960, there was no...

Country Report 2007 on eEverything from Thailand

Proceedings of the 24th South East Asia Regional Computer Conference, November 18-19, 2007, Bangkok, Thailand

4.1


Prof. Dr. Srisakdi Charmonman

President of South East Asia Regional Computer Confederation

E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Computerization in Thailand was

initiated in the year 1960 when HM the King

visited a computer plant in the US. The

Royal Thai Cabinet approved national IT

policies, starting with IT 2000 and followed

by IT 2010. This paper presents a brief

history of eASEAN, which encouraged

Thailand to establish eThailand, with the five

strategies, namely eGovernment, eCommerce,

eIndustry, eSociety, and eEducation. Samples

of the five strategies such as eRevenue,

eAuction, eCitizen, eHealth, eNews, eLibrary,

eUniversity, eAutomation, eTravel, eFish,

eThaiTambon, eMarketPlace, and eBusiness

are given. Also presented are eCourt, and

eParliament.

1. Introduction

In the year 1960, there was no computer installed in Thailand, Singapore and

Malaysia. In July 1960, HM the King

provided IT inspiration for Thailand by

visiting IBM computer factory in San Jose,

California. HM the King’s Vision in visiting

IBM at that time is a highly significant

inspiration for Thailand to think about using

computer in social and economic

development of Thailand to be at par with

developed countries. An institution which

followed HM the King’s lead was SEATO Graduate School of Engineering at

Chulalongkorn University, which later

became AIT. The initial stage of

computerization in the Thai public sector

started in 1964 when two mainframe

computers were first installed at the National

Statistics Office for processing census data,

and at the Faculty of Commerce and

Accounting in Chulalongkorn University for

education programs. Computerizations in

Thailand were quickly expanded as can be

seen in the number of Internet users

increasing steadily from the year 1991 to

2007 [14]. Prof. Srisakdi Charmonman is the

first Thai to use the Internet when it was

introduced in the US in the year 1969 when

he was the Director of Graduate Studies in

Computer Science at the University of

Missouri. The Internet came to Thailand in

1987 with dial up connection at AIT and

Prof. Srisakdi Charmonman, in his capacity

as the President of AIT Alumni Association,

was among the first group of Thais to use the

Internet in Thailand. The first leased line

connection was established at Chulalongkorn

University in 1992 with the bandwidth of

only 9,600 bps. The international bandwidth

from Thailand has increased from 9,600 bps

in the year 1992 to 7.6 Gbps in the year

2006, to 17.3 Gbps in 2007, and expected to

be 30 Gbps in 2009.

Internet Users in Thailand.

Many papers have been written and

many webs may be found concerning

computerization and related matters in

Thailand [1-18].

mailto:[email protected]



4.2

YEAR # INTERNET USERS

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

30

200

8,000

23,000

45,000

70,000

220,000

670,000

1,500,000

2,300,000

3,500,000

4,800,000

6,000,000

6,970,000

9,909,000

11,413,000

13,416,000

2. eASEAN, eABC and eThailand

An important factor which led to

eThailand was eASEAN. The Association of

South East Asian Nations or eASEAN was

established in Bangkok on August 8, 1967

[6] with 5 member countries, namely,

Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand.Brunei Darussalam joined on 8

January 1984, Vietnam on 28 July 1995,

Laos and Myanmar on 23 July 1997, and

Cambodia on 30 April 1999.

A high-level public-private sector

advisory body to develop a broad-based and

comprehensive action plan was initiated by

eASAEN in September 1999. It was called

eASEAN Task Force. Prof. Dr. Srisakdi

Charmonman was named a member from

Thailand in his capacity as the Project

Manager of the eCommerce Pilot Project of

the Ministry of Commerce and the Founder

and Chairman of KSC, the first and the

largest Internet Service Provider at that time. ASEAN was the first to create a regional ICT Development initiative. As a matter of

fact, after the establishment of eASEAN in

1999, eEurope was created in the year 2000,

and eAPEC in 2002. eASEAN was also

ahead of the G8’s DOT Force and the UN

ICT Task Force.

ASEAN initiated another project called “eABC (eASEAN Business Council)” in June

2003 and it was formally established in 2004

[6,15]. The Ministry of Information and

Communication Technology appointed Prof. Dr. Srisakdi Charmonman the Head of the

Delegation from Thailand and later he was

voted Chairman of eABC [15]. With the

encouragement of ASEAN for all member

countries to promote the utilization of the

Internet, eThailand was initiated in the first national IT policy of Thailand, called “IT

2000”, which was approved by the Cabinet in

the year1966.

There are 3 pillars and 3 main pilot

projects in IT 2000. The three pillars are

national information infrastructure, human

resource, and good governance. The three

pilot projects are:

SchoolNet to provide Internet

accesses to schools. GINet to develop Government

Information Network. ITlaws to draft IT laws or Cyber

Laws to submit to Parliament to

provide legal framework to support

IT applications in Thailand.

The second phase of Thailand national

IT policy is IT 2010. The main purpose was

to move Thailand into the Knowledge-Based

Economy (KBE) and Knowledge-Based

Society (KBS).

IT 2010 was approved by the Cabinet in

March 2002. It recommended five strategic

flagships for Thailand. eGovernment as the main driver for

the five strategies.



4.3

eCommerce and eIndustry for the

Knowledge-Based Economy. eSociety and eEducation for

Knowledge-Based Society.

3. eGovernment

The concept of eGovernment includes the

concept of Public service delivery through the

Internet and legal infrastructure to support the

usage of the Internet [17].

Thailand has made many progresses in

the sense of providing government services through the Internet. In some countries, such

as Singapore “eCitizen” is used to stand for “eGovernment”. For example “eCitizen” in

Singapore is the gateway to all government

services in Singapore. With IT 2000, the Thai

Government had pushed for all agencies to

implement eGovernment. The Government

had spent approximately 90,000 million baht

(about 2,600 million US$) for eGovernment

projects during the year 2001 to 2006. In the

year 2002, the Ministry of Information and

Communication Technology was established

to be in charge of IT in Thailand

3.1 eRevenue

The first example of eGovernment in

Thailand is eRevenue for filing income tax returns through the Internet [18]. About 80 %

of those who have to file income tax returns

at the beginning of 2007 used the Internet. It should be noted that the 80% figure is larger

than that in other countries. The main goal

and objective of eRevenue is to create

service-oriented organizations by providing

professional services to citizens to improve

efficiency and fairness in tax collection by

increasing utilization of modern information

technology. The eRevenue services include

the followings:

1) Tax Identification Number (TIN),

and Personal Identification Number

(PIN).

2) VAT Refund for Tourist Information. 3) VAT Registrant Information.

4) VAT Exempted Jewellery Business

Information

5) Personal Income Tax Calculation. 6) Tax Collection Summary

Information. 7) Joint Venture and Foreign Company

Information.

8) Corporate Income Tax Information. The list of eServices available for

download contains tax return forms,

application forms, tax calculation program,

other supporting programs in conjunction with

online filing of tax returns, and eRevenue

Code (only in Thai language).

3.2 eAuction

On October 1, 2002, the Thai Cabinet

passed the resolution that every department

and state enterprises must make procurement

through eAuction and report the progress of

the implementation to the Office of the

Prime Minister every 3 months. The

resolution was effective in January 2003. The

purposes of eAuction are:

To improve the procurement process

in the public sector in order to protect

collusion and corruption. To stimulate the investment and

economy. To increase efficiency. To reduce the cost of procurement.

As of the year 2007, eAuctions are

widely used by government departments,

hospitals, universities, and companies.

As an example in the year 2007, the

government used eAuction for construction

projects, such as for buildings, bridges, and

irrigation including 15,864 projects, and

saved 13,982 million bath.



4.4

3.3 eCitizen.

eCitizen is one of the goals in the

development to eGovernment . The Ministry

of Information and Communication

Technology announce the “eCitizen Project” on

1 April 2003. The goal of eCitizen [16] is for

development and improvement of a service

network to become the “Single Point Service

Center”. 9 January 2004, the Single Point

Service Center was announced as a pilot

project. The Ministry of Information and Communication Technology joined with

other departments of government and private

sector such as the Revenue Department, the

Department of Business Development, the

Department of Employment, the Department

of Provincial Administration, the Social

Security Office, TOT Corporation Limited,

CAT Telecom Public Company Limited, and

Bangkok Metropolitan Administration.

www.citizen.go.th

“www.citizen.go.th” provides services

such as tax information service, law information

service, family planning information service,

social welfare information service, career

information service, and education

information service. 4. eSociety

The purposes of eSociety are bridging

the digital divide, quality of life, culture,

health, and public participation.

From IT 2010, the targets for eSociety in

Thailand are as follows: By 2010, all Thai people have equal

access to and utilization of Information

Technology at an affordable price. Affordable price of IT to lead to

professional development, increase in

quality of life and improvement in the

environment. Local content of webs to account for

at least 10% of total content developed in Thailand.

To compile, process and establish a

wisdom network of: - distinguished thinkers.

- local philosophers. - local wisdom to create international

knowledge pool. By 2010, at least 50% of Thai

villages are to be learning

communities, where knowledge is

continuously developed and strong

economies are formed.

As of the end of the year 2007, about 13

million people in Thailand are using the

Internet. Although the cost of access to the

internet has significantly reduced from that when ISPs started offering connection in

Thailand, more people should be encouraged to

use the internet. There will be the

“International Conference on society 2008”

during March 27-29 in Bangkok, Thailand. Topics include:

- Practice and Cases in eSociety. - Systems and Technologies in Society. - Applications and Integration of

eSociety. - Cyber Law and Cyber Crime. - Intellectual Property. - Social Communications on the

Internet. - Internet Security. - Trust and Privacy Issues in Cyber

Society. - Online Friendship and Virtual

Relationship.



4.5

- Cyber Sex and Cyber Game. - Internet Addiction.

- Ethic in Cyber Society. - Crime Prevention in Information

Security. - Role and Mission of Cyber Police. - Technology Adoption and Diffusion

of eSociety. - Other related topics.

4.1 eHealth

Instead of “Sex”, “Nude”,

“Pornography” and some such, the most

searched for term in 2007 is “eHealth”. In

eHealth webs, one can find information about health such as, News & Events, Plan & Activites, Publication, Media, and Funding.

The users of eHealth webs can read the

latest news, namely, Tobacco Consumption

Control, Alcohol Consumption Control,

Physical Activities Promotion, and Health

Risk Factors.

www.thaihealth.or.th

With “www.thaihealth.or.th”, there are

physical activity calendars for the Thai

people who are interested in outdoor

activities. The users can check about

symptoms from website. Another purpose of

eHealth is to develop social movement and

the health system to increase the well-being

of Thai people. The principle strategies are social mobilization, system development,

healthy communities development.

4.2 eNews

The purposes of eNews are giving and

updating news, providing an alternative to

purchasing newspaper. There are topics, such

as education, politics, sports, entertainment,

and the like.

www.e-news.co.th

5. eEducation

The first computer installed in Thailand

in the year 1964 was at Chulalongkorn

University to be used in education sector. All

universities in Thailand now use computers

and the Internet in all major functions

including teaching, research, educational

services, and promotion of Thai culture.

The SchoolNet Project at NECTEC,

which was later transferred to the Ministry of

Education, has provided Internet access to

schools all over the country. HM the King’s

Distance Learning Foundation has provided

education to millions of children not only in

Thailand but also in neighboring countries. At

the university level, Thailand is the first

country in the world to offer the eLearning

program of Ph.D. in eLearning Methodology,

i.e. at the College of Internet Distance Education of Assumption University. The

College is located at Srisakdi Charmonman IT

Center (www.SCIT.au.edu) with the

construction value of about 650 million baht,

12 floors, 12,000 square meters more than

1,000 computers connected to the Internet.



4.6

5.1 eLibrary

An important part of eEducation is

eLibrary which may contain all kinds of

publications and products. There are many

eLibrary services in Thailand. An example is

the National Education Network Project for

the development of eLibrary.

www.nationelibrary.com

5.2 eUniversity

There are many universities in Thailand offering eLearning, such as, Assumption

University, Chulalongkorn University, Mahidol

University, Ramkhamheang Universty, and

Rangsit University.

After Prof. Srisakdi Charmonman

drafted the first eLearning decree and three

years of effort in lobbying 5 ministers, the

decree was published in the Royal Gazette in

October 2005, making it legal for Thai

universities to offer eLearning degree

programs. Assumption University became

the first university in Thailand to offer

complete eLearning degree program. The

first eLearning degree program was MS

(Management). Later MS (ICT) and Ph.D.

(eLearning Methodology) were included.

The Ph.D. (eLearning Methodology)

program is the first and still the only one in

the world as of the end of the year 2007.

There have been applicants from 30

countries including the US, Canada, UK,

Australia, New Zealand, and China.

All universities in Thailand will

eventually become eUniversity offering

eLearning.

6. eIndustry

One of the most important organization

concerning industry in Thailand is the

Federation of Thai Industries

(www.fti.or.th). There are 9 clusters, namely,

Pharmaceutical and Food Processing

Industry Cluster, Petroleum Industry Cluster,

Automotive and Auto Parts Industry Cluster,

Machinery and Metal Work Industry Cluster,

Fashion Industry Cluster, Pulp and Paper and

Printing Industry Cluster, Electrical

Electronics and Allied and Airconditioning

Industry Cluster, Inventory and Supportive

Product Industry Cluster, and Construction

Inventory Industry Cluster.

The Internet and computers are used in

all the 9 industry clusters and only

eAutoManufacturing will be presented in this

paper. Also presented in this paper will be

eTravel which is not a club or cluster in the

Federation of Thai Industries but very

important for Thailand.

6.1 eAutoMation

Thailand ranked 15th

in the list of top

motor vehicle producing countries in the

year 2006 with 1.194 million units. Toyota,

which is the second largest motor vehicle

manufacturing company in the world, got the

Thai Board of Investment promotion

privilege in the year 1962 and the first

factory opened in the year 1964, the second

in 1975, and the third in 1988. In the year

1997, HRH Princess Maha Chakri

Sirindhorn graciously opened the fourth and

the most modern automobile factory in

Southeast Asia in Thailand. The Toyota

factory employs advanced computerization

http://www.fti.or.th/



4.7

systems and processes, including the

followings:

Just-in-time which is the most

sophisticated supply chain

management system in

manufacturing.

Jidoka which is devices allowing

workers to stop production to correct

defects.

Kaizen which is the system for

continuous improvement.

Andons which is visual controls to

convey the state of work

Poka Yokes which is low-cost, highly

reliable devices to prevent defects

Genchi Genbutsu which is the

concept to station at least 50% of

Toyota Information System workers

at plant sites to work directly with

operations.

6.2 eTravel.

One of the most important industries in

Thailand is the travel industry. The main

organization in charge is the Tourism

Organization of Thailand (www.tat.or.th).

www.tat.or.th

TAT policy includes: - to promote the tourism industry to be

an important instrument in tackling the country’s economic problem,

creating jobs for people as well as

increasing income for the country.

- to promote and develop the operation on proactive marketing strategies for

increasing the new markets as well as the niche markets.

- to promote cooperation in all levels domestically and internationally on

promotion for the development of

tourism markets. - to aim at organization and

management development as well as

development of the human resources’

ability to create a capable driving

force in the operation. - to accelerate the development of a

tourism technological system for

accommodating business activities

information (e-Tourism) on the Internet. TAT’ services include:

- to supply information and data on

tourist areas to the public

- to publicize Thailand so as to

encourage Thai and international

tourists to travel in Thailand. - to conduct studies to set development

plans for tourist areas. - to co-operate with and supports the

production and development of

personnel in the field of tourism.

7. eCommerce

Provided in eCommerce are selling

goods and services (not only finance, tourism and IT services, but also other industries) through the Internet. On July 13, 1998, the

Ministry of Commerce appointed Prof. Dr. Srisakdi Charmonman Project Manager on

eCommerce for Export with 7 committees

namely, Public Relation and Training,

Marketing, Consumer Protection, Taxes and

Customs Duties, Shipping and Insurance,

Payment and Security and Digital Signature

and Certificate.

A hundred companies were selected for

the pilot projects. After that many companies have been successful in eCommerce. A few

examples will be given. eCommerce in



4.8

Thailand survey found that the value of Thai

eCommerce rose 305,159 million bath in

fiscal year 2006 and will hit 400,000 million

bath in the future. More than 58 % is the

value eAuction. B2B Market is 80,000

million. B2C market is 47,000 million.

According to NECTEC Survey of 9,000

entrepreneurs. - 70 % of customers are afraid of fraud. - 60 % of customers lose confidence. - 56 % of customers are afraid of not

receiving the goods. - 49 % of customers lack confidence in

payment. - 42 % of customers steal credit card. - 36 % of customers need to inform

vender face to face.

Most favorite of eCommerce's products

are Fashion, Cloths, Fabric and Leather 14.45

%, Tourism, Hotel and Restaurant 9.18 %

and Computer and Applications 7.27 %.

7.1 eFish

The first example of eCommerce is

“www.PlatuMahachai.com” selling the

popular Thai fish called “Pla Tu”. The owner

used to sell the fish at Ram Intra Road Km.8.

He said he listened to Prof. Dr. Srisakdi

Charmonman’ s radio program, “Internet IT

with Srisakdi Charmonman” on Radio

Thailand FM 92.5 describing that a man and

a dog can setup a website to sell goods. So,

he set up a website to sell the fish abroad at 1

US$ each while the price in Thailand is much

less and the revenue is hundred thousand per

month.

7.2 eThaiTambon

The second example is

www.thaitambon.com. The idea and concept

for the construction of ThaiTambon.com was

initiated in1999. It aimed at a home page for

Tambon or sub-district to encourage rural

people to understand and use more Internet.

www.thaitambon.com

The first home page was built for Tambon Tonpao, San Kamphaeng District,

Chiang Mai Province and was demonstrated to the public at Chiang Mai and posted ever

since until replaced by a web site “ThaiTambon.com” later on. In mid 2000 just

about six months before the election,

assignment was given to a team to develop

and construct a web site called “ThaiTambon.com” by Department of

Community Development of the Ministry of

Interior. This web site went officially online on

June 24, 2000. ThaiTambon’ Purposes are

- To construct a comprehensive

database system which

accommodates necessary information

from every Tambon in Thailand. The

web site will be a resource centre for

public use. - To use ThaiTambon.com to promote

local Thai products for every

Tambon, and to facilitate the buy-and-sell procedure. Also, to encourage

local communities to improve

their products and to join

ThaiTambon.com eCommerce : - To bring Internet technology to

villages and this is the starting point

of the Tambon Internet Project. - To help encourage and promote

tourism in Thailand down to Tambon

http://www.thaitambon.com/



4.9

level. Thus more income will be

distributed to rural people. - ThaiTambon.com will help rural

people to exchange information,

ideas, and to improve. In the web “www.thaitambon.com” there

are more than 75,200 product categories. There are more than 34,500 OTOP product

categories. There are any topics related to

eCommerce.

7.3 eMarketPlace

The concept of web eMarketPlace was

established in 2001 by the Department of

Export Promotion of Ministry of Commerce and 5 private providers of eCommerce

solution: – Internet Venture Co.,Ltd. – Psquare Network Co.,Ltd. – Samart Internet Co.,Ltd. – Thai Portal Co.,Ltd. – We Thai Dot Co.,Ltd.

In the web “exporter.ThaiTrade.com”,

there are more than 5,200 exporters in 17

categories.

exporter.ThaiTrade.com

In the web “www.emarket.sme.go.th”

there are more than 6,200 exporters.

www.emarket.sme.go.th

In the web “www.e-talad.com”, there are more than 5,926 exporters in 400 categories.

www.e-talad.com

In the web

“www.foodmarketexchange.com” there are more than 21,900 members.

www.foodmarketexchange.com

7.4 eBusiness

While eCommerce may be said to be

front-end application of the Internet,

eBusiness includes both front end and back



4.10

end, emphasizing more on back end, such as,

human resource, accounting, manufacturing,

and so on so forth.

www.bangkokbank.com

All large companies in Thailand do use

eBusiness. For example, all the major banks

such as Bangkok Bank

(www.bangkokbank.com) use computers and

the Internet in their back offices. All airlines

including Thai International use eBusiness.

8. eCourt

The constitution of Thailand specified

three branches of power, namely, Executive

through the Cabinet, Legislative through

Parliament, and Judicial through the Courts.

The services related to the executive power

have been discussed in eGovernment.

Therefore, to make the picture more complete,

eCourt and eParliment should be mentioned.

The main eCourt web is

www.Judiciary.go.th, which includes court

cases, courts information, judicial human

resource management system, payroll

systems, retired judges information system,

correspondents systems, judicial

management information system, judicial

portfolio system, judicial data center, judicial

library system, and judicial Internet system.

www. Judiciary.go.th

The Intellectual Property and

International Trade Court also uses video

conference for witnesses who cannot travel

to Thailand.

9. eParliament

An excellent example of eParliament is in the US where the Senate and the House

of Representatives have been highly

computerized. In Thailand, computerization of

Parliament started in 1991 with the following

developments:

- In 1991, the Computer Division of

Parliament was established to provide

basic computer services.

- In 1992, Guidelines for ICT Policy

were established.

- From 1995-1997, Computer network

established and Data link with

government agencies and private

sector

- In 2001-2003, Information Service

and Access, such as, WiFi , Computers in meeting room, etc. Public Relations, Parliament Website

for MPs and citizens and Website for

youth. - From 2004 to 2006, ISO 9002 for

managing ICT System certified and IT personnel improvement,

- In 2007 Promote “eDemocracy” via

the Internet. 10. Concluding Remarks



4.11

From the initiation of computerization

of Thailand in the year 1960, Thailand has

gone a long way to eEveryThing in the year

2007. This paper presented a brief history of

eASEAN which encouraged Thailand to

establish eThailand, with the five strategies,

namely eGovernment, eCommerce,

eIndustry, eSociety, and eEducation.

Samples of the five strategies such as

eRevenue, eAuction, and eCitizen for

eGovernment; eHealth and eNews for

society; eLibrary and eUniversity for

eEducation; eAutomation and eTravel for

eIndustry; and eFish, eThaiTambon,

eMarketPlace, and eBusiness for eCommerce

are given. Also presented are eCourt, and

eParliament. More and more E’s will be

developed in Thailand for the benefits of all

parties concerned.

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4.12

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detalils.asp?articleid=647&typ=Country

%20Focus

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country report 2007 on eeveryting from thailand · 1. introduction in the year 1960, there was no...

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