Country Report: JapanCountry Report: Japan

E-Learning in E-Learning in

Higher EducationHigher Education

Takashi SAKAMOTO

Some Advanced PracticesSome Advanced Practices

E-Learning Use E-Learning Use in Domestic Higher Educationin Domestic Higher Education１・ Interactive Satellite

Communication２・ Internet, Video

conferencing system

３・ One way Satellite Broadcast

Space Collaboration System

SCSSCS Space Collaboration System

2002 SCS Participants2002 SCS ParticipantsCategory No. VSAT

National University 80 103

National Junior College 1 1

Private University 13 14

Technical College 14 14

Research Institute 11 13

Others (University of the Air, etc)

3 5

Total 122 150

2001 Utilization of SCS2001 Utilization of SCS

Classes55%

Others9%

InternalNotice over

SCS1%

TrainingSessions

5%Lectures

9%

Conf5%

StudySessions

16%

ClassesClassesClassesClasses

CostCost CostCost HUB Station US$ 3.6 million

Local VSAT US$

0.6million/1VSAT

Telecommunication　　　　　　 US$　 500/1hour

ISS-SCS Space Lecture 2001. 11ISS-SCS Space Lecture 2001. 11

ISS‐SCS Space Lecture

NASA 　 JSC

HYB

NASA-TVProduction Center 　 　

Bldg 2

　　 Bldg 8 TV Operation Center

NAPA Teleport

NASA Teleport

Audio

TDRS

GE-2

Production Ctr NIME

HYB

Coordination Line

Telephone Line for Crew Voice 　(Primary)

Telephone Line for N-1 　 (Buck-up)

A V

I S S

DECORDER

Outline of the Connection Outline of the Connection For the “ISS-SCS Space Lecture”For the “ISS-SCS Space Lecture”

Audio

HYB

HYB

HYBHYB

HYB

HYB

Telephone Line for Crew Voice 　 (Buck-up)

Telephone Line for N-1 　(Primary)

Video

AudioMixer

Video SW

DL

DL

Video

PAS-2

Participating Schools（ 114 Universities ）

NIME Teleport

JCSAT-3

SCS

Pacific Ocean

Napa, California

Houston, Texas

Chiba, Japan

Medical Information NetworkMedical Information Networkby Communications Satelliteby Communications Satellite

for University Hospitals (MINCS-UH)for University Hospitals (MINCS-UH)

Medical Information NetworkMedical Information Networkby Communications Satelliteby Communications Satellite

for University Hospitals (MINCS-UH)for University Hospitals (MINCS-UH)

Lecture/Audience Audience Audience Audience

Satellite

Question, etc.

1) The first state-of-the-art digital high definition television broadcasting system in the world

2) Bi-directional communication3) Security protection using digital cipher4) Can be operated by university staff

Lecture, etc.

HIU 16 SitesHIU 16 Sites

CSVideo Conferencing

System

Hokkaido Information UniversityHokkaido Information UniversityHokkaido Information UniversityHokkaido Information University

ISDN

PINE-NET

PINE-NETPromoting Information Network for Education System

CS BroadcastingCS Broadcasting

University of the Air University of East Asiael-Net Open College

University of the Air

All subjects are taught by RTV 　　　　　　　　　 except Physical Exercise

University of East Asia

6:00-24:00 ， daily

・ TV 　 Programs after 17:00 for the regular graduate course

・ TV Programs before 17:00

for University extension

The “el-Net System”The “el-Net System”of Monbusho (Ministry of Education, Science, of Monbusho (Ministry of Education, Science, 　　

Sports & Culture)Sports & Culture)

The “el-Net System”The “el-Net System”of Monbusho (Ministry of Education, Science, of Monbusho (Ministry of Education, Science, 　　

Sports & Culture)Sports & Culture)

Schools (119)

Monbusho

(Ministry of Education, Science, Sports & Culture);

National Science Museum; National Youth Center

Libraries; Community

Learning Centers (974)

National Education Center(Headquarters;Formal Education Training Center;Non-Formal Education Training Center)

Prefectural Education Centers

(20)

Prefectural Lifelong Learning Centers (21)

Terrestrial Network

server

Communications Satellite: Superbird B

HUB

★ The “el” stands for “educational and learning” ★ Receiving sites are now over 1,600.

server

el-Net Open Collegeel-Net Open College

51 Universities

173 courses

Virtual UniversityVirtual University

A E N A E N Asian E-learning NetworkAsian E-learning Network

Aoyama University, Nihon Unisys - De La Salle U(Philippines)

U. Kyoto, Waseda U., NTT-X -MMU(Malaysia) Univ. Tokyo, NIME, IBM, - NTU, NUS(Singap

ore) TIT, Hitachi - NASDA, AIT(Thailand) Keio U., Hitachi – Hanoi U.Tech, V.NU (Vietna

m)

How has it been used?How has it been used? 3 universities use this; 12 classes online

– The graduate school of Tokyo university• Prof. Harashima 「 Communication system 」• Prof. Tsujii 「 Natural language processing 」• Prof. Mizukoshi 「 The theory of media 」• Prof. Hamada 「 The law of information 」• Every professor 「 Seminar 」

– Hyogo university of education• Prof. Nagata 「 Home economics 」• Prof. Nagata 「 Home economics training 3 」• Prof. Nagata 「 Home economics training 7 」• Prof. Kishida 「 Cooking training 」

– Shiga university• Prof. Suzuki 「 Science education 」• Prof. Suzuki 「 Science education 」• Prof. Suzuki 「 The field study of science education 」

Universities ImplementingUniversities Implementing e-Learning:International e-Learning:International

NIMEWORLDNIMEWORLD‐World Wide Service, ‐World Wide Service,

World Wide Recognition‐World Wide Recognition‐

International Education Channel

Universities,Higher Education Institute

ResearchInstitute

N I M E

INTERNET

PanAmSat

Transmission Center

http://www.nime.tv/index.html

NIME STREAMNIME STREAM

Internet Live Streaming, Programs

General Trends in UniversitiesGeneral Trends in Universities

NIME SurveyNIME Survey

State of ICT UseState of ICT Use in Universities in Universities

Survey, collected as follows:

2001 65.5%

2000 70.0%

1999 72.4%National Institute of Multimedia Education July, 2002

Summary of the SurveySummary of the Survey

Use of traditional media

(Video, Library DB, B.B. etc) Gradual shift to the use of

the internet and multimedia

National Institute of Multimedia Education July, 2002

Online Education via SatelliteOnline Education via Satellite

6

36

9

8

16

811

12

20

8

0

41

13

13

23

1

39

0

0 10 20 30 40 50

Private Univ.

Local PublicUniv.

National Univ

1999 plan to use1999 use2000 plan to use2000 use2001plan to use2001 use

National Institute of Multimedia Education July, 2002

Online Education via InternetOnline Education via Internet

36

34

22

16

29

3223

14

24

16

14

20

14

10

11

39

39

29

0 10 20 30 40 50

Private Univ.

Local PublicUniv.

National Univ1999 plan to use1999 use2000 plan to use2000 use2001plan to use2001 use

National Institute of Multimedia Education July, 2002

Obstacles in using ICTObstacles in using ICT% 1999 2000 2001

Heavy Loads for Specialists 98 97 97

Shortage of supporting staff 97 97 94

Cost 95 95 93

Shortage of Devices 93 89 87

Maintenance Cost 92 91 86

Time for Preparation 88 87 86

Shortage of Instruction Materials 78 85 79

Shortage of Media Literacy in University Teaching

67 60 56

1. Some progressive universities use CS, videoconferencing and the Internet for education.

2. Generally still insufficient

3. Restricted to video, DB of Printed materials, e-mail to enhance administrative efficiency

A・ General Trends

BB ・・ Recent DevelopmentRecent Development

1. Presentation via PC2. Use of e-mail for

communication and evaluation

3. Shift from CS and terrestrial media to the internet

CC ・・ IssuesIssues1. National universities are

generally ahead of public, local and private universities

2. Heavy burden on specific individuals

3. Shortage of budget, staffs and facilities

Future ProblemsFuture Problems

Science Council of JapanScience Council of JapanSpecial Committee Report on the

reconstruction of the Educational System

Issues facing Higher Education in the 21st Century

　ー Responding to Educational Globalization ー

　　　　　　　　　　　 4, April 2003

Educational PoliciesEducational Policies

ee-Japan Strategy-Japan StrategyImproving the Information

Literacy of the entire public• Reinforcing IT Education

System at every school level

• Enriching Lifelong Education and Information for every adult

ee-Japan Priority Policy Pro-Japan Priority Policy Programgram

March　 2001

e-Japan 2002 Programe-Japan 2002 Program 　Ⅰ　Ⅰ1. Promotion of widespread use

of high-speed and ultra high-speed Internet connections

2. Informatization of education and intensification of personnel training

e-Japan 2002 Programe-Japan 2002 Program 　Ⅱ　Ⅱ3. Enrichment of network content4. Steady promotion in the electronic

government and the electronic administration of autonomous bodies

5. Intensification of internationalization

Jurisdiction related toJurisdiction related to e-Learning e-Learning

Requirements for the DegreeRequirements for the Degree(Units of Study)(Units of Study)

Bachelor 124Bachelor 124Master 30Master 30Doctorate 20Doctorate 20

Units of StudyUnits of StudyObtainable via the Internet and Obtainable via the Internet and

Distance TutorialDistance Tutorial

Correspondence Universities 124Correspondence Universities 124Traditional Universities up to 60Traditional Universities up to 60

NetworkLearning Society

WEBWEBknowledge

WEBWEBknowledge

WEBWEBknowledge

WEBWEBknowledge

NetworkLearning Society

knowledge

knowledge

knowledge knowledge

knowledge

knowledge

WEBWEBknowledge

WEB WEB knowledge

WEBWEBknowledge

WEBWEBknowledge

knowledge knowledge

GlobalVirtual Learning

Community

Asia &

××School

StudentsBusinessmen

SeniorCitizens Children

Adults

AmericaOceania

Europe

××School

StudentsBusinessmen

SeniorCitizens Children

Adults ××School

StudentsBusinessmen

SeniorCitizens Children

Adults

××School

StudentsBusinessmen

SeniorCitizens Children

Adults

Future Network Learning SocietyFuture Network Learning SocietyFuture Network Learning SocietyFuture Network Learning Society

Africa