country report-peninah n munyao v1.0

8/13/2019 Country Report-Peninah N Munyao v1.0

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COURSE NAME:

APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY AND LOCAL KNOWLEDGE IN AGRICULTURAL WASTE

RECYCLING

Name : Ms. MUNYAO PENINAH NTHANZE

Home Address : P.O Box 21395!!1!!" N#$%o&$ K'()#

Office Address : P.O. Box 3!!2*" N#$%o&$ K'()#

Mobile Number: +25,-!1--1!**" +25,-3*,!*-,*

E-mail Address: [email protected] Phone : +25,2!5-25!-93,

Country :REPUBLIC O KENYAOranisation :MINISTRY O AGRICULTURE

Post :DISTRICT HOME ECONOMICS OICER"

KA/IADONORTH DISTRICT" RIT 0ALLEY PRO0INCE

!"#HMARCH !$%!

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mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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#he Ministry of Ariculture Mandate

To promote and facilitate production of food and agricultural raw materials for food security and

incomes; advance agro-based industries and agricultural exports; and enhance sustainable use of land

resources as a basis for agricultural enterprises.

Core &unctions

a) Formulation implementation and monitoring of agricultural legislations regulations and policies.

b) !rovision of agricultural extension services.

c) "upporting agricultural research and promoting technology delivery.

d) Facilitating and representing agricultural state corporations in the #overnment.

e) $evelopment implementation and coordination of programmes in the agriculture sector.

f) %egulating and &uality control of inputs produce and products from the agriculture sector.

g) 'anagement and control of pests and diseases in crops.

h) !romoting management and conservation of natural resource base for agriculture.

i) (ollecting maintaining and managing information on the agriculture sector.

'ision

To be the leading agent towards the achievement of food security for all employment creation

income generation and poverty reduction in enya.

Mission

To improve the livelihoods of enyans by promotion of competitive agriculture through creation of

enabling environment provision of support services and ensuring sustainable natural resource

management

Strateic Ob(ecti)es

(reating an enabling environment for agricultural development through review of the current

legal and policy framewor*.

!romote mar*et and product development by adopting a value chain approach

Facilitate increased productivity and agricultural outputs through improved extension advisory

support services and technology application.

!romote conservation of the environment and natural resources through sustainable land use

practices;

%estructure and privatise the non-core functions of the 'inistry and its institutions and strengthen

private-public partnerships.

+mprove access to agricultural information through an +(T-based information management

systems;

Facilitate accessibility of affordable credit and &uality inputs to farmers and

"trengthen human resources development including monitoring and evaluation ,') and

coordination of staff functions within the 'inistry.

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OR*AN+SA#+ONA, S#RUC#URE

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Roles and Resonsibilities of .istrict Home Economics Officer /.HEO0

%eporting to the $istrict gricultural 2fficer the $istrict 3ome conomics 2fficer ,$32) is

responsible for4

a) (oordinating implementation of programmes and pro5ects on 6outh in griculture 3ome

conomics 3uman %ights 3+78+$" $rug and "ubstances buse.

b) !roviding technical guidance and bac*stopping.

c) !articipating in monitoring and evaluation of programmes in the $istrict..

d) (ollection analysis storage and dissemination of information.

e) !articipating in pro5ect identification proposals formulation write-ups and appraisal in the

$istrict.

f) ssessing training needs for staff.

g) (oordinating mainstreaming on 6outh in griculture 3ome conomics 3uman %ights

3+78+$" $rug and "ubstances buse in the $istrict activitiesh) !romoting appropriate technology ,energy saving technologies health and sanitation etc)

i) 9iaising with the principals of T(s in the development of training pac*ages.

5) !articipating in food surveys sta*eholder for agricultural shows field days and committees.

*) (ompiling sectional progress reports wor* plans and budgets.

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*ENERA, +N&ORMA#+ON ON 1EN2A

9ocated on the eastern part of the frican continent enya is bordered by Tanania in the

southwest +ndian 2cean in the southeast "udan and thiopia to the north and released in /B1B recorded enyaDs population 0.C1 million an

increase of 0= percent over the last decade. !opulation increases by an estimated one million a

year.

2fficial languages in enya are iswahili which is the national language and nglish.

The capital (ity ?airobi situated at the heart of the country is the business and communication hub

for ast and (entral frica. enyaEs historic coastal city of 'ombasa has a natural harbor

ilindini and serves as the regional gateway.

1EN2A3S ECONOM2 AN. SOC+A, ASPEC#S /#HE ECONOM+C SUR'E2 O& !$%$04

.omestic Economy

griculture contributes /:.: to #$!. enyaEs *ross .omestic Product - *.Phas been

growing slowly year by year with the current #$! being B.BB as of /B1B.

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gricultural productivity is central to enyaDs export industry. 'ore than A= of the population is

engaged in agriculture and allied activities which contribute almost /= to the national

production. 3orticultural produce and tea are the ma5or items of export for enya. 2thers include

coffee pyrethrum wheat sugarcane fish and cement.

The effect of the global economic recession coupled with drought has resulted in continued

contraction of the gricultural sector. s a conse&uence prices of most agricultural commodities

recorded an upward trend in response to the decline in production.

(urrently the country relies CB on domestic production. The deficit is imported. These imports

include rice 'aie fruits.

1enya A+.S +ndicator sur)ey !$$ years was A.:.

2ut of these . were women and =.= men. 2verall A.1 of adults ,aged 1=-C:yrs) were

infected with 3+78+$".

NA#URA, RESOURCES

'ineral resources in enya include #old limestone soda ash salt barites rubies fluorspar and

garnets. 2ther natural resource endowments of the country include water resources 9and and

wildlife.

1E2 EN'+RONMAN#A, CONCERNS:

The ?ational nvironmental 'anagement uthority ,?') is the parastatal that deals with

issues of waste management in the country.

enyaEs *ey environmental concerns include rapidly accelerating deforestation soil erosion and

depletion of mineral resources water pollution from urban and industrial waste; degradation of

water &uality from increased use of pesticides and fertiliers and desertification among others 4

2ver-exploitation during the past 0B years has reduced the countryEs timber resources by half

while in the past five years the output of forestry fishing and mining industries has

declined significantly. Forests are being lost not only to provide wood fuel but alsobecause of clearing for agriculture construction tourism and industrial activities. The

countryEs wide natural biodiversity is being rapidly reduced4

H+S#OR+CA, =AC1*ROUN. O& A*R+CU,#URA, >AS#E REC2C,+N* +N 1EN2A

gricultural waste has been one of enyaEs problems since time in memorial. (ommonly foundSolid 5astes include:domestic and mar*et wastes food waste including vegetable and fruit

peelings and charcoal ash. This also includes waste from institutions and commercial centres.

Horticultural and aricultural 5aste includes:garden refuse leaf litter cut grass tree pruningweeds animal dung crop residues waste from public par*s etc. 'anure4 poultry pig cow.

Aro-industrial 5aste includes:waste generated by abattoirs breweries processing and agro-based industries.

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Slude and bio-solid includes:human faecal matter from septic tan*s and treatment plants.

#enerally solid waste is managed through landfills incineration and recycling or re-use. 3owever

in enya up to the year /B1B no enyan city had a sanitary landfill . Incinerations are too full

hence solid waste piles in inner city streets are a common site in most towns in enya. From the

piles B is food and other organic wastes 1B is plastics / metal and glass and 0 mixedrefuse.

'ost farmers in enya have been using fertiliers in planting and top dressing their crops. 'ost of

the fertiliers are washed into la*es and other water catchment areas by rain water. "olid wastes

from homes and industries too end up in these habitats hence affecting marine life e.g. mass death

of flamingoes in 9a*e ?a*uru.

The fundamental target of solid waste management is to protect the health of the population

promote environmental quality, develop sustainability and provide support to economic

productivity through utilization ofwaste as a resource. This essential service however is not

efficiently and properly performed by many centersin enya who are grappling with increasingpiles of waste disposal technologies and methodologies and overflowing dumping sites.

combination of all of these factors including lac* of resources - financial and personnel

institutional wea*ness inappropriate technologies transportation systems and disposal

options public apathy towards environmental cleanliness and protection have made this service

unsatisfactory in Kenya. +t is therefore evident that waste management can and must be

transformed from a disposal-based linear system to a recovery-based closed-loop system that

promotes the conservation of water and nutrient resources and contributes to public health.

enyans have for a long time used fresh waste from vegetable mar*ets restaurants and hotels as

well as food processing industries as feed for livestoc* direct application into the soil manure

application and unorganied compositing.

There is a gap however between the current availability of innovative technologies in wastemanagement and the development of complementary socioeconomic methodologies to facilitatetheir implementation.

E?+S#+N* ,A>S AN. RE*U,A#+ONS O& >AS#E MANA*EMEN#

The management of solid waste is dealt with under several laws Hy-laws regulations and cts of!arliament as well as policy documents. The ma5or ones include;

,ocal *o)ernment Act CAP !";

The 9ocal #overnment ct is the framewor* law governing 9ocal uthorities in enya and placesthe responsibility of waste management on the respective 9ocal uthority. "ection 1CB states that4every municipal council and every town and urban council shall have power to establish and

maintain sanitary services for the removal and destruction of, or otherwise dealing with, all

kinds of refuse and effluent and, where any such service is established, to compel the use of

such service by persons to whomthe service is available.

Public Health Act CAP !@!

The !ublic 3ealth ct concurs with the 9ocal #overnment ct that it is the responsibility of the

particular 9ocal uthority to ensure proper sanitation and housing within its area of 5urisdiction.

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"ection 11C of the ct imposes a duty on every 9ocal uthority to maintain its district in a cleanand sanitary condition to prevent nuisances and prosecute those responsible for nuisances.

?uisances include among others as listed in section 11,h) any accumulation or deposit or refuseor other matter which is offensive or which is in5urious or dangerous to health. The ct providesfor the regulation of 9ocal uthority actions by a medical officer of health issuing a notice toremove such nuisance ,section 11>).

The government has in the past used the !ublic 3ealth ct to compel 9ocal uthorities to improvesanitary conditions.

En)ironmental Manaement and Co-ordination Act /EMCA0 No4 6 of %777

The '( is the framewor* law on environmental management in the country. +t ma*esprovisions for waste management and the following sections of the '( are worth citing."ection A ,1) states that no person shall discharge or dispose of any wastes whether generatedwithin or outside enya in such a manner as to cause pollution to the environment or ill heal any

person.

"ection A ,/) states that (o '%so( s#66 %#(so% #() 7#s' o'% #(8 #: $( #o%;#('7$ #


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This part outlines 3aardous waste specifications %e&uirement for nvironmental +mpactssessment 3andling storing and transporting of haardous waste Treatment of haardous wastexport !ermit Transit of haardous waste +nsurance and %egister of !ermits!%T 7 - !"T+(+$" ?$ T2L+( "


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The exposure will lead to gaining of more experiences which will lead to effective service

delivery.

&U#URE PRO*RAMMESPROBEC#S ON A*R+CU#URA, >AS#E REC2C,+N*

enya aims to be a nation that has a clean secure and sustainable nvironment by /B0B ,7ision/B0B). This will be achieved through4

,i) !romoting environmental conservation to better support the economic pillarEs aspirations;,ii) +mproving pollution and waste management through the application of the right strategies.,iii) (ommissioning of public-private partnerships ,!!!s) for improved efficiency in water and

sanitation delivery;,iv) nhancing disaster preparedness in all disaster-prone areas and improving the capacity for

adaptation to global climatic change.

RE,E'ANCE O& COURSE #O &U#URE PRO*RAMMES

ppropriate technology and waste recycling is ideal for sustainable agriculture.

E?PEC#A#+ONS &ROM #HE #RA+N+N*

MA+N +N#ERES#+N* #OP+CS

1. "ustainable griculture/. 2rganic Iaste 'anagement0. "olid Iaste 'anagement:. Hiogas !roduction.

This is because griculture is the bac*bone of our country hence need for *nowledge in energyconservation waste management which will lead to sustainable agriculture.

Ho5 to aly the no5lede recei)ed from the trainin

1. + will hold staff training so that + can pass the same training to my fellow staff thusensuring we will reach many farmers with the technologies.

/. + will set a demo unit in our gricultural training centre to show case organic farming andhousehold food waste compositing.

O#HER E?PEC#A#+ONS

1. "hare experiences with other learners from other countries/. "ecure a certificate as per the course outline.

1B

country report-peninah n munyao v1.0

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