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PERSPEKTIF

Fakultas Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan 2014Ima Fatima

Perspective DrawingPerspective DrawingPerspective DrawingPerspective Drawing

The art of making objects and

spaces look three - dimensional.

Perspective Drawing

One point perspective is a drawing technique whereby the objects are drawn according to a set of rules that make the pictures look like they have depth in them and the solid forms appear to be three dimensional.

EXAMPLESEXAMPLESEXAMPLESEXAMPLES

BeforeBeforeBeforeBefore AfterAfterAfterAfter

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A photograph that shows 1 point perspective really well.

This Renaissance drawing by Jan Vredeman de This Renaissance drawing by Jan Vredeman de This Renaissance drawing by Jan Vredeman de This Renaissance drawing by Jan Vredeman de Vries shows the use of 1Vries shows the use of 1Vries shows the use of 1Vries shows the use of 1----point perspective point perspective point perspective point perspective

drawing techniques.drawing techniques.drawing techniques.drawing techniques.

See how the lines that connect the tops of the columns and the See how the lines that connect the tops of the columns and the See how the lines that connect the tops of the columns and the See how the lines that connect the tops of the columns and the lines in the floor point to a single spot in the distant arch? lines in the floor point to a single spot in the distant arch? lines in the floor point to a single spot in the distant arch? lines in the floor point to a single spot in the distant arch? That spot is called a That spot is called a That spot is called a That spot is called a vanishing pointvanishing pointvanishing pointvanishing point. It is at that spot that . It is at that spot that . It is at that spot that . It is at that spot that everything disappears. The bases of the columns on the left everything disappears. The bases of the columns on the left everything disappears. The bases of the columns on the left everything disappears. The bases of the columns on the left side of the picture show us the right side of the bases. The side of the picture show us the right side of the bases. The side of the picture show us the right side of the bases. The side of the picture show us the right side of the bases. The

opposite is true of the columns on the right side. opposite is true of the columns on the right side. opposite is true of the columns on the right side. opposite is true of the columns on the right side. The columns in the front are much larger than those farther The columns in the front are much larger than those farther The columns in the front are much larger than those farther The columns in the front are much larger than those farther

away. We assume that in the real architecture, they must surely away. We assume that in the real architecture, they must surely away. We assume that in the real architecture, they must surely away. We assume that in the real architecture, they must surely be the same height.be the same height.be the same height.be the same height.

Perspective

Many artists have used a variety of

different techniques to show depth.

However it was not until the

Renaissance that artists developed a

system to show depth logically and

consistently.

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Perspective

Linear Perspective:

Based on the way the human eye sees the

world.

Objects that are closer appear larger, more

distant objects appear smaller.

To create the illusion of space the artists

creates a vanishing point on the horizon

line.

Objects are drawn using orthogonal lines,

which lead to the vanishing points.

Perspective

Vanishing Point

The single point on the horizon where all the lines on

the ground level seem to come together

Horizon Line

The place where the land and the sky meet.

Orthogonal Line

The HORIZON LINEHORIZON LINEHORIZON LINEHORIZON LINE is the viewers eye level in the picture. The CONVERGING LINESCONVERGING LINESCONVERGING LINESCONVERGING LINES are those that project the sides of an object back into space. They always come together (converge) at the vanishing point. A few are drawn in blue.

The VANISHING POINTVANISHING POINTVANISHING POINTVANISHING POINT is always on the horizon line. It is where all things appear to disappear. It represents an infinite distance away. Its the red dot in the center.

Terms to know:Terms to know:Terms to know:Terms to know:Perspective

Can you locate the

Horizon Line?

How did you

determine this?

Can you find the

vanishing point in

this picture?

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Perspective

The red line is the Horizon Line.

Perspective

Can you locate the vanishing point?

Perspective

Artists use one-

point perspective to

show objects face-

on.

Most lines are

vertical, horizontal,

or orthogonal drawn

to a single vanishing

point.

Perspective The Horizon Line is horizontal, it goes from left to right and is parallel to the bottom edge of the picture.

Represents the viewers eye level.

It is the place where the ground and the skyseem to meet

You can see the top of an object if it is below eye level, below the Horizon Line.

If an object is above eye level, above the Horizon Line, you can not see its top.

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Perspective

Place a dot in the middle of the Horizon Line. This is your

vanishing point. In one-point perspective the Vanishing

Point, represented is always on the Horizon Line. As things

get closer to the Vanishing Point they get smaller and

smaller until they appear to vanish.

Perspective

Draw a square or rectangle In your picture plane.

Perspective

Now connect three corners of your rectangle or square to the

vanishing point. These are orthogonals.

Perspective

Draw a horizontal line between the two orthogonals

where you want your forms to end.

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Perspective

Vertical lines go from the top of the page to bottom of the page and

are perpendicular to the bottom edge of the picture. Along with

orthogonal and horizontal lines they make up a one-point perspective

drawing.

Perspective

Erase the orthogonals to complete your form. You now have

a 3-D form in one-point perspective.

PerspectiveAs a final 1-point perspective project, we are going to draw some geometric shapes and project them into space to make them look 3-D.

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Thenadd the vanishing point and converging lines.

NEXTwe add more shapes and make them look 3-d. Be careful! Dont draw lines across the front of shapes!

Last, we color the front of each shape and slanted sides to increase the Last, we color the front of each shape and slanted sides to increase the Last, we color the front of each shape and slanted sides to increase the Last, we color the front of each shape and slanted sides to increase the sense of depth and space. sense of depth and space. sense of depth and space. sense of depth and space. Keep the front sides bright and make the colors get darker as they go Keep the front sides bright and make the colors get darker as they go Keep the front sides bright and make the colors get darker as they go Keep the front sides bright and make the colors get darker as they go back toward the vanishing point.back toward the vanishing point.back toward the vanishing point.back toward the vanishing point.

Here the spaces between the converging lines have been filled with Here the spaces between the converging lines have been filled with Here the spaces between the converging lines have been filled with Here the spaces between the converging lines have been filled with gradients of gray.gradients of gray.gradients of gray.gradients of gray.

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The student who drew this project used darker color values to show the sides of the objects going back into space.

Be careful! Use gently blending between color values, not sudden changes in light

and dark.Neatness is important!

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Do you think the yellow shapes on the lower left shape help make it look 3-d?

Look how the inside shapes of the numbers also get darker as they go back in space.

On this example, patterns and designs play an important role decorating the front of each shape.

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Perspektif 1 Titik Mata

Pada dasarnya, perspektif satu titik mata, dua titik mata, dan tiga titik

mata bisa dibagi lagi menjadi berbagai sudut pandang berdasarkan

posisi mata kita berada. Lebih sederhananya, sudut pandang bisa

dibagi menjadi menjadi 3 macam sudut pandang, yaitu sudut pandang

mata burung, sudut pandang normal, sudut pandang mata kucing.

Atau dapat juga didefinisikan sebagai perspektif yang posisi objeknya

lurus dengan pandangan mata.

Dalam perspektif ini, garis pada semua bagian dalam gambar bertemu

di suatu titik kecuali garis-garis vertical dan horizontal yang selalu

sejajar dengan garis horizon.

Perspektif ini berlaku jika kita menggambar suatu bentuk ruang.

CONTOH:

Menggambar lemari, dus, dsb

Perspektif 2 Titik Mata

Secara teknis, perspektif 2 titik mata hampir sama dengan teknik

perspektif 1 titik mata. Pada teknik perspektif 2 titik mata, pada garis

horizon terdapat 2 titik fokus. Persimpangan garis yang berasal dari 2

titik mata ini akan membentuk sebuah sudut. Biasanya, jika jarak antara

2 titik ini terlalu dekat, penampakan objek gambar mengalami distorsi.

Tahapan untuk menggambar teknik perpektif 2 titik mata juga hampir

sama dengan teknik perspektif 1 titik mata.

Atau dapat juga didefinisikan sebagai perspektif yang cara

penggambaran objeknya berbentuk miring.

Dalam perspektif 2 titik lenyap, semua rusuk vertical akan sejajar satu

sama lain. Sedangkan semua rusuk horizontal akan terlihat menuju ke

satu titik. Kita perlu menggambar dengan teknik ini jika rusuk benda

berbentuk ruang yang menghadap ke arah kita

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Perspektif 3 Titik Mata

Perspektif dengan 3 titik mata biasanya hanya dipakai untuk menggambarkan

sesuatu yang sangat luas, besar, tinggi, dan secara visual mengalami distorsi

yang sangat ekstim.

Biasanya teknik ini dipakai untuk menggambar outdoor dan sudut pandang

dari udara, meskipun bisa juga dipakai untuk sudut pandang dari bawah

(sudut pandang mata kucing). Agar tidak mengalami distorsi yang berlebihan,

sebaiknya titik mata diletakkan jauh di luar bidang gambar.

Pada dasarnya, teknik dan tahapan menggambar perspektif 3 titik mata ini

hampir sama dengan teknik menggambar dengan perspektif 1 dan 2 titik

mata.

Garis horizon tidak selamanya harus diletakkan horizontal, namun bisa juga

diagonal untuk menggambarkan impresi yang berbeda.

Atau dapat juga didefinisikan sebagai perspektif yang posisi objeknya tinggi

atau rendah kelipatan