course structure/outline sta 111 elements...

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COURSE STRUCTURE/OUTLINE

HND 1 SEMESTER 1

STA 111 ELEMENTS OF MATHEMATICS I

At the end of the module, the student should

1.0 Be familiar with Set Theory and Numbers Systems

2.0 Inequalities

3.0 Understand Binary Operations and Functions

4.0 Thoroughly understand the basics of Algebra

5.0 Differential Calculus

1.0 Set Theory and Numbers Systems

1.1 Definitions of notations, numeric sets, closure, commutative, associative, inverse

and distribution properties, Identifies.

1.2 Set membership, definition of set notations, set equality and set of rational members.

1.3 Operations of signed members (addition, subtraction, multiplication and division)

1.4 Equality, Order and absolute value

1.5 Topics on simultaneous equation, up to three variables; transposition of formulae,

indices and Logarithms (including negative indices)

2.0 Inequalities

2.1 Definition of inequality

2.2 addition, subtraction, multiplication and division properties of inequalities

2.3 Double inequalities and their absolute values

2.4 Graphing of inequalities (Linear inequalities in two unknowns only)

3.0 Binary Operations and Functions

3.1 Definition of binary operation

3.2 Arithmetic operations in binary operation

3.3 Definition of a function of algebra

3.4 Difference between function and an expression

3.5 Linear and quadratic functions

3.6 Graphing of linear and quadratic functions

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3.7 Polynomials and their manipulation

4.0 Algebra

4.1 Binomial Expansion

4.2 Use of Pascal Triangle in Binomial Expansion

4.3 Application of Binomial Expansion

4.4 Series and Sequences

4.5 Summation of Series

4.6 Application of Series

4.7 Exponential Series

4.8 Application of exponential series including negative indices

5.0 Differential Calculus

5.1 Limits of Function

5.2 Definition of the derivative and the differential notation

5.3 The generalized power rule

5.4 Derivation of simple trig functions

5.5 Application to minimum and maximum values

5.6 Curves sketching

5.7 Local and Global extreme

5.8 Rates of Change with applications and examples

STA 113 STATISTICAL METHODS I

At the end of the module, students should

1.0 Understand the general introduction to Statistical Methods

2.0 Understand Methods of Data Reduction,

3.0 Cover general descriptive statistics including

PERFORMANCE OBJECTIVES

Descriptive Statistics for Univariate Data

1. Measures of Location and Variability

2. Arithmetic mean, median and mode

3. Variance and standard deviation

4. Percentile ranges

5. Computational procedures

6. Changes of origin and scale

7. Standardized measurements (standard scores)

8. Measures of non-central location

Descriptive Statistics of bivariate data

1. Representation of bivariate data in a two-way frequency (contingency) table

Analysis of Time-based Data

1. Components of variability in Time-series

2. Smoothing by moving averages

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3. Estimation of trend and seasonality

4. Residual Analysis

5. Index Numbers

STA 115 PROBABILITY I

1. At the end of the module, Students should grasp the fundamentals of Probability

2. Introduction to Probability Theory

3. Application of Counting Techniques Multiplication and Addition principles,

permutation and combination, sampling with and without replacement

4. Random Experiments

5. Equally likely events, examples of outcomes of random experiments, sample and

event spaces

6. Definition of Probability

7. Mutually Exclusive, Dependent and Independent events, Conditional and Statistical

independence of events

8. Laws of Probability

9. Addition and Multiplication Rules, Axioms of Probability

10. Theory of Algebra of events

11. Calculations of Simple and Conditional probabilities given appropriate data

12. Law of Total Probability and Bayes’s Theorem, Applications and illustration of the

Bayes’ Theorem on tree diagram

13. Random Variables: Concept of Random Variables Discrete and continuous random

variables. Expectation and variance of Probability functions of a random variable

and their applications to decision problems.

STA 117 ECONOMIC THEORY


At the end of the module, Students should

1. Be familiar with the nature and scope of economics

2. Recognize and discuss some definitions of economics, e.g. “wealth of nations”,

“production and distribution of wealth”, etc.

3. Define the term production, consumption and exchange

4. Define and explain the relationship between scarcity and choice

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5. Distinguish between real cost and opportunity cost

6. Explain the concept of opportunity costing. Understand the theory of demand and

supply as applied to the market

7. Understand some of the factors which affect production

8. Be familiar with market structures

9. Know the relationship between income, employment and consumption.

HND I SEMESTER II

STA 120 ELEMENTS OF MATHEMATICS II


At the end of the module, Students should be familiar with

1. Integral Calculus

(i) Definition of integral calculus being the reverse of differentiation

(ii) General formula for an integral

(iii) Definition of the definite integral

(iv) Application for integration for position, velocity and constant acceleration

(v) Areas under graphs and integration

(vi) area between two curves. summation rotation and area sums being related.

Riemann sum. Definition of an integral and the integral as a limit of a

sequence

(vii) Integration by substitution

(viii) Substitution in simple trig functions

(ix) Substitution in the definite integrals

(x) Trapezoidal and midpoint approximation

(xi) Differential Equations

(xii) Definition of Differential Equation

(xiii) An example of first order differential equation

(xiv) Second order and generalized order equation

(xv) The concept of the operator ‘D’ and its application

(xvi) Simple problems in first order differential equations

(xvii) Application of first order differential equations only.

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STA 122 STATISTICAL METHODS II


At the end of the module, Students should cover

1. Basic Ideas in Statistical Inference

2. Sampling techniques Test of significance

3. Explain the technique of ML estimations of parameters

4. Distinguish between two kinds of error in test hypotheses

5. Prepare and present common small tests of significance for means and proportions

in one and two sample problems and also for correlation coefficients

6. Plan and carry out chi-squared tests of goodness of fit homogeneity

7. Demonstrate ANOVA of one and two way classified data.

Regression and Curve Fitting

1. Description of the problems

2. Curve fitting by the method of least squares

3. Sample Linear Regression

4. Two regression coefficients

5. Their relationship to the coefficients of correlation

6. Computational procedures changes of origin and scale

7. Multiple Regression

8. Parametric and non-parametric tests

STA 124 PROBABILITY II

At the end of the module, students should:

1. Thoroughly understand Probability Distributions

2. Discrete and continues probability distributions, cumulative distribution function,

sketching of distribution functions

3. Relationship among distributions

4. Binomial and negative binomial distributions, Poisson as an approximation to

Binomial distribution

5. Relationship among distributions

6. Exponential and Geometric distributions, Normal and Binomial, Normal and

Poisson Distributions

7. Standard Probability Distributions

8. Independent Bernoulli trials and related distributions

9. Bernoulli, Binomial, Geometric and Negative Binomial distributions

10. The Hypergeometric, Poisson and Multinomial distributions, Proof of the

Expectations and Variances of above standard distributions, Use of Tables of

Binomial and Poisson distributions

11. Properties and applications of some standard distributions.

STA 126 APPLIED ECONOMICS



1. Understand the economics framework of countries

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2. Define the term gross national product, and relate to the national income of a

country

3. Compare and contrast method of measuring national income, e.g. output, income,

expenditure methods

4. Discuss the Keynesian economic model, and its effects of economic factors

5. Relate economic growth to the mobility or immobility in those factors, production,

and to the rates types of investment in those factors

6. Describe the business cycle, identifying factors which are related to growth and

recession

7. Summarise the principles and functions of money, e.g. medium of exchange, measure

of value, store of value, etc. List the principal functions of a bank

8. Understand aspects of economic policy and their effects: Devise alternative

economic policies for Ghana which should increase standard of living, reduce

inflation and unemployment, and modify the balance of payments

9. Describe the origins of international trade. List the advantages of international

specialisation

HND II SEMESTER I

STA 210 CALCULUS AND MATRIX ALGEBRA I



1. Conclude their knowledge in the theory of Calculus

2. Identify and use techniques for integration e.g. Substitution, by parts, partial

fractions, etc. State the theorem of mean values for integrals and derivatives and

illustrate its meaning with the aid of sketches

3. Use the theorem of mean value to find the solution integrals

4. Define special functions: gamma, beta, error, and cumulative

5. State Taylor’s theorem and use it to solve derivative problems

6. Extend Taylor’s theorem to describe points of maximum and minimum and points

on inflection. Be familiar with rudimentary concepts of matrices and determinants

up to 3 3 Dimensions of matrix.

STA 211 PROBABILITY III



1. Thoroughly understand moments and moment generating functions

2. Definition of Moments about the origin and mean and their applications

3. Moment Generating Functions: Definition, properties and applications

4. The Central Limit Theorem and its application.

5. Empirical Rule, Chebyshev’s inequality and Weak Law of large numbers.

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6. Joint Probability Distributions: Marginal and conditional distributions

7. Independence of two random variables

8. Covariance and correlation coefficients and its interpretation

9. Conditional expectation of functions, conditional variance and their applications in

Normal distributions

10. Moment Generating Function of Bivariate distributions

STA 213 SAMPLE SURVEY I

At the end of the module, the students should know and understand

1. The use of probability and non probability sampling techniques

2. Determine sample sizes and use Ratio Estimators

3. Differentiate a sample from a census and identify the conditions that favour the use

of sample

4. Classify sampling techniques as non-probability and probability sampling

techniques

5. Simple Random Sampling

6. Estimation of Sample Size

7. Stratified Random Sampling

8. Systematic Sampling

9. Cluster Sampling

10. Describe the non probability sampling techniques of convenience, judgmental,

quota, and snowball sampling

11. Uses of Non probability sampling techniques

12. Ratio Estimators

STA 215 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY


At the end of the module, students should understand:

1. The basic principles and skills in conducting research

2. Problems of Research

3. General Problems

4. Problems of Research Proposal

5. Steps in the Research Process

6. Preparation of Research Proposal

7. Steps involved in conducting Research

8. Plan and write research proposal for a research project

9. The concept of universe/Population

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10. Types of Samples and Sampling techniques

11. Probability and Non-Probability sampling

12. Sources of Secondary Data – Uses and Abuses

13. Primary Data and Techniques of Collection

14. Field study – Observational Techniques

15. Field Survey.

STA 217 STATISTICAL COMPUTING I


1. Be thoroughly familiar with the standard computations in Data Analysis with

BASIC

2. Statistical Graphics with BASIC Computing with ARRAYS

3. Sorting and Ranking

4. Finding medians and percentiles

5. Calculation of Rank Statistics

6. Rank correlation coefficients

7. The Welcoxon Signed Ranks and rank-Sum Statistics

8. Inputting a Matrix the MAT READ and MAT IMPUT statement

9. Corresponding DATA and OUTPUT

10. MAT INPUT Statement Matrix Operations

11. Addition-subtraction, Multiplication, Scalar Multiplication

12. Transposition

13. File Processing with BASIC

14. The concept of a file in computing PROGRAMME Files

15. DATA and DOCUMENT Files

16. The advantage of separate Programme and Data files

17. File Types : Databases: The concept

18. Uses, Creating a Database

19. Managing Data: Adding Data

20. Viewing Searching and Sorting

21. Managing Numerical Data: Summing and Counting etc

22. Summary statistics for single-sample multivariate data:

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STA 219 DEMOGRAPHY I


1. Be thoroughly familiar with all the basic concept of demography

2. Review the work of Malthus, and other related writers regarding the growth of

population

3. Identify sources of data of populations, and describe the limitations of those sources,

e.g. government publications, published surveys, census statistics etc.

4. Categorise the questions which are posed on a census form.

5. Predict trend from an analysis of census data.

6. Conduct a survey of sampling techniques.

7. Outline the principles of questionnaire design.

8. Use the microcomputer to appraise census data.

9. Interpret trends and differential in mortality levels.

10. Appraise data on outcomes of death.

11. Describe the effects of demographic factors upon the economic development of

Ghana.

STA 221 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENT I

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1. Be familiar with the basic concepts and principle of experimental statistics.

2. Understand the Analysis of variance for standard experimental designs: The nature

of experimental investigation

3. Give examples of experimental situations to be considered

4. Mention should be made of the statistical objectives of the design

5. Discuss the basic concept – experimental unit treatments

One-factor Experiment

1. The completely randomised Design, including cares with unequal number of

observations per treatment

2. Measurement of variability, sums of squares

3. Partitioning of total sum of square

4. Expected mean squares

5. The analysis of variance and its underlying assumptions

6. Estimation of Treatment effects

7. Understand the estimation of treatment effects

HND II SEMESTER II

STA 220 Calculus & Matrix Algebra II

1. Vector algebra (Addition, Subtraction, Scalar multiplication),

2. Definition and notation of matrix, Calculate the sum, difference and product of two

matrices,

3. Types and properties of matrices (Null, Unit, Square, Triangular, Symmetric,

orthogonal, Diagonal),

4. Determinant of a matrix (Co-factor method, expansion method, Cramer’s rule),

5. Inverse of a matrix (simultaneous equations, adjoint and co-factors), Implication of

determinant of a matrix equal zero

6. Elementary Row Operations, Solve systems of equations (Consistency and

Inconsistency, Dependent and Independent)

7. LU Decomposition and its applications in solving systems of equations, Rank of a

vector and a matrix

8. Eigen values and Eigen vectors (Meaning, calculation and interpretation),

Application of Matlab

STA 222 DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF EXPERIMENT II

At the end of the module, the students should

1. Understand the concepts of review of Review of one-factor study

2. Estimation of Factor effects and contrast

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3. Methods of Multiple comparisons – simultaneous tests and confidence intervals

4. fisher LSD, Duncan range multiple test, Turkey’s HSD, Scheffe and Bonferroni

methods of multiple comparison

5. Be familiar with general factorial experiments

6. Understand 2k factorial designs

7. Be familiar with confounding tests

8. Understand the concepts of analysis of covariance

9. Analysis of Covariance. Examples illustrating the effect of concomitant variables

10. The Covariance model and its underlying assumptions

11. Estimation and comparison of treatment effects

12. Adjusted treatment means

13. The analysis of covariance table

14. Hypothesis testing in Analysis of covariance

STA 224 SAMPLE SURVEY II

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At the end of the module, the students should know how to:

1. Design a variety of sample surveys

2. List the principal steps in the planning and conducting of sample surveys

3. Describe how non-sampling errors may be assed and controlled. Outline the

techniques of size sampling and systematic sampling. Evaluate Sample Surveys

4. Appraise the design of questionnaires, suggesting modifications where appropriate

5. Estimate time and staffing requirements for given samples

6. Prepare schedules and budgets, and develop a schedule “dry run”.

7. Devise a stem of built-in checks.

8. Outline the organisation of fieldwork, and the associated administrative

arrangements.

9. Understand Problems Involve in carrying out socio-economic surveys.

STA 226 NATIONAL ACCOUNTS


1. Be familiar with National Accounting Principles

2. Describe methods of estimating product income and expenditure account flows

3. Suggest applications for input-output tables

4. Construct input-output tables

5. Recognise flow of funds statements

6. Prepare flow of funds statement, using a case study approach

7. Construct a national wealth and balance sheet using information from

8. Outline ways of integrating national income accounts with other economic

accounts and related economic and social data

NATIONAL ACCOUNTING SYSTEM

1. Construct social accounting matrices

2. Examine the relationship between systems of national accounts (SNA) and material

product power

3. Compare the contrast international and inter-temporal real income and purchasing

power

4. Describe the uses of national for economic analysis and planning. Interpret public

finance statistics

5. Enhance micro-computer skills with software packages related to national accounts.

STA 232 STATISTICAL COMPUTING II

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1. Understand programming techniques

2. Identify and use functions and subroutines of SPSS and SAS

3. Open sequential and direct access files. Demonstrate structure programming

techniques

4. Summarise the programming techniques

5. Evaluate systems analysis

6. Prepare record formats and table formats for a statistical form or data processing

system, e.g. a questionnaire of a source document

7. Devise a questionnaire of a source document

8. Select and appraise the use of spreadsheets, data bases and word processing software

9. Select use and appraise software related to statistical packages

10. Describe the layout and operation of multi-user systems and networking

11. Participate in the operation of the techniques of numerical analysis and PERT

12. Be familiar with computer graphic techniques: Identify techniques of representing and

transforming graphical data

13. Produce perspective drawings

STA 230 DEMOGRAPHY II


1. Cover all the basic fundamentals of Actuarial techniques

2. Interpret death and birth statistics

3. Predict trends in birth and death rates

4. Explain the need for the standardization of vital statistics

5. Describe methods of standardization of statistics

6. Identify measures of fertility and Mortality

7. Define differential Mortality

8. Identify measures of Morbidity

9. Distinguish between gross and net reproduction rates

10. Recognise the application and importance of life Tables

11. Interpret life tables, using a case study approach

12. Interpret demographic and health surveys and determine inherent treads

13. Compare and contrast age, period and Cohort models

14. Examine the use and application s of population projection, and discuss their effects

upon education and manpower planning

15. Use the microcomputer to interpret demographic data

16. Relate social security and welfare statistics to those for education, health

employment and housing. Relate social security and welfare statistics to those for

education, health and employment.

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HND III SEMESTER I

STA 310 OFFICIAL STATISTICS I


1. Understand the basic concepts

2. Definitions and classification of the principal subjects of official statistics

3. Compare methods of data collection in the developed world with those of the

developing world

4. Identify problems of data collection in the develop countries

5. Outline the basic concepts and definitions of the principal subjects of official

statistics

6. Understand the uses of Economics Statistics

7. Recognise an inter-industry transaction matrix. Review the past and current

distribution of national income

8. Suggest ways of redistributions of national income, and discuss the economic and

social effects of such changes

9. Summarise forecasting techniques

10. Explain the techniques of cost benefit analysis, and describe its use with social and

economic data

11. Describe the concepts underlying index numbers.

STA 311 MULTIVARIATE DATA ANALYSIS


1. Preliminary data analysis – calculation of sample summary statistics; means;

variance, covariance, correlation

2. Examination and interpretation of sample correlation matrix. Conditional and

Marginal distribution of multi-normal varieties; Independence of two subvectors;

simple, partial and multiple correlation coefficients, and their interpretation

3. Estimation of the mean vector and covariance metrix

4. Tests of hypothesis about the mean vector; T2 statistics; extension to two

populations. Confidence regions

5. Profile analysis

6. Reduction techniques

7. Principals Component analysis

8. Relationship with Factor Analysis

9. Canonical Correlation analysis, Multiple Regression Analysis

10. Linear discriminant

11. Minimax rule

12. Estimation of the probability of misclassification.

STA 313 STATISTICAL QUALITY CONTROL


1. Discuss the concepts of quality, and the ways in which quality maybe measured

2. Compare the contrast different types of specification

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3. Outline the principle of rational sub-grouping, and its relationship to statistical

control

4. Identify different types of control charts, and match them to applications

5. Classify specification and process capability, using a case study approach. Describe

the concept of inspection by attributes

6. Derive and interpret an operating characteristics curve. Distinguish between

producer’s and consumer’s risk

7. Plan and arrange visit to industrial and manufacturing plants

8. Identify and collect data required for processing.

STA 315 STATISTICAL REPORT WRITING


1. State that a report is a form of communication

2. Outline the varying communication functions of text, table and graphs

3. List the structural contents of a report, e.g. summary, introduction, discussion of

data, presentation of data conclusions, agenda and appendices

4. Compare the different styles and layouts of tables

5. List the relative advantages of graphs and charges

6. Identify types of graphs and chart, e.g. Logarithmic scales, interrupted scales, bar

charts, etc

7. Describe the forms of statistical publications

8. Prepare and produce statistical reports given appropriate data,

HND III SEMESTER II

STA 320 STATISTICAL ORGANISATION AND OPERATIONS


1. List types of statistical systems and state their functions

2. List the functions and responsibilities of statistical agencies

3. Summarise statistical legislation, and describe its enforcement

4. Describe the organizational structure of administration and statistical standards

5. Outline the co-ordination of statistical standards

6. Summarise methods of data collection including the planning, development and

compilation of data

7. List types of appointment in statistical organisations

8. Identify promotion prospects, and describe methods of promotions

9. Distinguish a forecast from a budget

10. State the main purposes of a budget

11. Discriminate between different types of budget

12. Classify budget items. List the objectives of cost control

13. Outline the history of international organisations such as League of Nations, and

Statistical Office of United Nations

14. State the principal functions of international agencies, e.g. IMF, ILO, FAO,

ECOWAS, UNCTAD, etc.

STA 322 STATISTICS FOR DEVELOPMENT AND ECONOMIC PLANNING

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1. List the data requirements for economic planning

2. Suggest ways of assessing the economic development of Ghana

3. Recognise the technique of economic model building, and its applications to

economic statistics

4. Review basic theories of economic growth e.g. investment in industrial assets,

education, training, etc

5. Review current economic development and patterns of developing countries e.g.

Growth output, investment, inflation, etc.

6. Identity common obstacles to development and patterns of development and

suggest ways of removing the obstacles

7. Summarise the techniques of cost-benefit analysis, and explain its application to

social and economic data

8. Recognise the style and uses of planning models

9. List the factors related to development, and explain the application of data related

to these factors.

STA 324 OPERATIONS RESEARCH At the end of the module, students should thoroughly cover the following:

1. Linear Programming Models – Formulating of the Problem

2. Graphical Methods of simple models

3. Application of Gauss-Jordan reduction of system of equations

4. Converting inequalities of equalities by use of slacks

5. The Big-M Method

6. Goal Programming

7. A computer packages for Linear Programming

8. General Definition of Dynamic Programming

9. The Classic example of the stagecoach problem

10. Definition of Integer Programming

11. Cutting planes in the graphical solution

12. Intermediate tableau with cutting plane

13. Definition of Transportation problem

14. Modeling the transportation problem

15. Algorithms for solving the transportation problems

16. The Assignment problem

17. Solution to the assignment problem

18. Computer Application

19. Definition of an Inventory problem

20. Terminologies for inventory problems.EOQ

21. The Basic inventory model

22. Definition of Network

23. Minimal opening tree of a network

24. Shortest route through a network

STA 328 OFFICIAL STATISTICS II

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1. Identify concepts and tools of agriculture in a developing economy

2. Discuss the role of agricultural policy and planning

3. Outline the economics of small and large scale farming

4. Compare the economic so small and large scale farming

5. Describe an agricultural census, and give examples of its applications

6. Illustrate frame construction and sample design for agricultural surveys

7. Review current agricultural surveys and studies

8. Measurement of crop yield. Crop forecasting

9. Use micro-computer software to analyse agricultural statistics

10. Write a brief account of the historical development of health services in Ghana

11. Discuss the relevance of health services to current problem and future planning

12. Summarise the mathematical theory of catchment populations

13. Justify the use of performance indicators for general health service management

14. Identify data from non-registration sources.

course structure/outline sta 111 elements...

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