Covalent Bonding and LDD 2018.notebook

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March 14, 2019

Dec 14:53 PM

Covalent Bonding

Aim: How can we draw Covalent molecules to show the sharing of valence electrons and full valence shells?

Covalent bond: a bond between nonmetal atoms where valence electrons are shared in order to provide each atom with a full valence shell.

Dec 14:53 PM

Covalent Bonding

Aim: How can we draw Covalent molecules to show the sharing of valence electrons and full valence shells?

Covalent bond: a bond between nonmetal atoms where valence electrons are shared in order to provide each atom with a full valence shell.

polar covalentnonpolar covalent

e‐ shared unequally     polar covalent

e‐ shared equallynonpolar covalent

Due to E.N. diff

No E.N. diff

Covalent Bonding and LDD 2018.notebook

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March 14, 2019

Dec 15:43 PM

SINGLE COVALENT DOUBLE COVALENT TRIPLE COVALENT BOND BOND BOND

Types of Molecular Bonds

Dec 15:43 PM

SINGLE COVALENT DOUBLE COVALENT TRIPLE COVALENT BOND BOND BOND

Types of Molecular Bonds

F  F O   O N   N

F  F O   O N   N

single bond; 2e‐ double bond; 4e‐ triple bond; 6e‐

• e‐ b/w atoms are called "bonding" or "shared" electrons• e‐ on the outside of atoms are called "lone pairs" of electrons

Covalent Bonding and LDD 2018.notebook

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March 14, 2019

Dec 25:18 PM

1. Determine the total number of valence e‐ for the molecule. (Sum of all valence electrons).

2. Arrange the atoms and put pairs of e‐ between them using single bonds.

The least electronegative atom goes in the center (EXCEPT for hydrogen, H only gets 1 bond)

3. Distribute the remaining e‐ in pairs around the atoms to give each atom 8e‐. (Hydrogen only needs 2e‐)

4. Indicate the type of bond between atoms (polar covalent or nonpolar covalent)

5. If you can't make all atoms have octets, start over. Try a double or triple bond between two of the atomsuntil all atoms have full valence shells.

Drawing Covalent Lewis Structures

Dec 25:18 PM

1. Determine the total number of valence e‐ for the molecule. (Sum of all valence electrons). ‐Put these in the e‐ bank2. Arrange the atoms and put pairs of e‐ between them using single bonds.

The least electronegative atom goes in the center (EXCEPT for hydrogen, H only gets 1 bond)

N= 3.0; F= 4.03. Distribute the remaining e‐ in pairs around the atoms to give each atom 8e‐. (noble gas (Hydrogen only needs 2e‐) config.)

4. Indicate the type of bond between atoms (polar covalent or nonpolar covalent)‐Assign partial charges to each atom(partial neg= more EN)

(partial pos= less EN)

5. If you can't make all atoms have octets, start over. Try a double or triple bond between two of the atomsuntil all atoms have full valence shells.

Drawing Covalent Lewis Structures e- bank26e-

e- bank12e-

Covalent Bonding and LDD 2018.notebook

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March 14, 2019

Dec 25:18 PM

Covalent Lewis structure practice:

CF4  e‐ bank32 e‐‐ 8 e‐24 e‐

CF

FFF

CF

FFF

Each F needs 6e‐ additional for it's octet, carbon has it's octet with the four single bonds already.

The remaining 24 e‐ from the bank go around the fluorines.

Polar covalent bondsF= 4.0 E.N.C= 2.6 E.N.

Dec 25:18 PM

Try drawing the Lewis structure for each molecule:

1. NF3 3. CO2

2. N2 4. SO3

Covalent Bonding and LDD 2018.notebook

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March 14, 2019

Dec 25:18 PM

Try drawing the Lewis structure for each molecule:

1. NF3 3. CO2

2. N2 4. SO3

Dec 25:18 PM

Try drawing the Lewis structure for each molecule:

7. CCl4

8. O2

Covalent Bonding and LDD 2018.notebook

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March 14, 2019

Dec 25:18 PM

Try drawing the Lewis structure for each molecule:

7. CCl4

8. O2

Dec 15:43 PM

2. How many total electrons are shared between the atoms in each molecule below?

a. b. c.

3. How many valence electrons does each atom have (including the shared electrons)?

4. List the molecules in order of weakest to strongest bond.

1. Why does bonding allow an atom to become more stable?

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