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Insect Frontiers

April 2010 Volume 2 Nomber 4

Two yellow CREs encode the elaborate D. guttifera pattern. (From Nature 2010 464:1143-1148; Abstract No. 27 in this issue. Without permission).

Insect Frontiers, April 2010 Volume 2 Number 4

Insect Behaviour 1. Elaborate courtship enhances sperm transfer in the Hawaiian swordtail

cricket, Laupala cerasina Animal Behaviour Volume 79, Issue 4, April 2010, Pages 819-826

2. Displacement activities during the honeybee transition from waggle dance to foraging

Animal Behaviour Volume 79, Issue 4, April 2010, Pages 935-938

3. Dynamics of optomotor responses in Drosophila to perturbations in optic flow

Journal of Experimental Biology 213, 1366-1375 (2010)

4. The mechanics of azimuth control in jumping by froghopper insects Journal of Experimental Biology 213, 1406-1416 (2010)

5. Honeybees change their height to restore their optic flow Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology Volume 196, Number 4 / April, 2010 307-313

6. Visual gaze control during peering flight manoeuvres in honeybees Proc. R. Soc. B 22 April 2010 vol. 277 no. 1685 1209-1217

7. Optic flow informs distance but not profitability for honeybees Proc. R. Soc. B 22 April 2010 vol. 277 no. 1685 1241-1245

8. Distributed leadership and adaptive decision-making in the ant Tetramorium caespitum

Proc. R. Soc. B 22 April 2010 vol. 277 no. 1685 1267-1273

Insect Behavioral Ecology 9. Does water velocity influence optimal escape behaviors in stream insects?

Behavioral Ecology 2010 21(2):242-249;

10. Dear enemy phenomenon in the leaf-cutting ant Acromyrmex lobicornis: behavioral and genetic evidence

Behavioral Ecology 2010 21(2):304-310

11. The structure of foraging activity in colonies of the harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex occidentalis

Behavioral Ecology 2010 21(2):337-342;

12. Desert ants use foraging distance to adapt the nest search to the uncertainty of the path integrator


13. Know thine enemy: why some weaver ants do but others do not Behavioral Ecology 2010 21(2):381-386

14. Mate choice in the dung beetle Onthophagus sagittarius: are female horns ornaments?


http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00033472http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=PublicationURL&_tockey=%23TOC%236693%232010%23999209995%231805726%23FLA%23&_cdi=6693&_pubType=J&view=c&_auth=y&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=8538702&md5=2df88ccaccd416203dcebc4caabdf3ebhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00033472http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=PublicationURL&_tockey=%23TOC%236693%232010%23999209995%231805726%23FLA%23&_cdi=6693&_pubType=J&view=c&_auth=y&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=8538702&md5=2df88ccaccd416203dcebc4caabdf3ebhttp://springerlink.com/content/100424/?p=828b0e7b2f93483dbb7c2e64334ee9e0&pi=0http://springerlink.com/content/100424/?p=828b0e7b2f93483dbb7c2e64334ee9e0&pi=0http://springerlink.com/content/w51088u2306p/?p=828b0e7b2f93483dbb7c2e64334ee9e0&pi=0

Insect Frontiers, April 2010 Volume 2 Number 4 Insect Biochemistry

15. Apolipophorin-III expression and low density lipophorin formation during embryonic development of the silkworm, Bombyx mori

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Volume 155, Issue 4, April 2010, Pages 363-370

16. Role of the triad N46, S106 and T107 and the surface charges in the determination of the acidic pH optimum of digestive lysozymes from Musca domestica

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Volume 155, Issue 4, April 2010, Pages 387-395

17. Structure and Function of a G-actin Sequestering Protein with a Vital Role in Malaria Oocyst Development inside the Mosquito Vector*

The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 285, 11572-11583. April 9, 2010

18. Drosophila Stathmins Bind Tubulin Heterodimers with High and Variable Stoichiometries*


19. Neurologic Dysfunction and Male Infertility in Drosophila porin Mutants A NEW MODEL FOR MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION AND DISEASE* The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 285, 11143-11153. April 9, 2010

20. Characterization of the Biochemical Properties and Biological Function of the Formin Homology Domains of Drosophila DAAM*


21. Role of Alkaline Phosphatase from Manduca sexta in the Mechanism of Action of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab Toxin*


Insect Biology 22. Brood comb as a humidity buffer in honeybee nests

Naturwissenschaften Volume 97, Number 4 / April, 2010 429-433

Insect Cell Biology 23. aPKC Phosphorylation of Bazooka Defines the Apical/Lateral Border in

Drosophila Epithelial Cells Cell, Volume 141, Issue 3, 509-523, 30 April 2010

24. A Role of Receptor Notch in Ligand cis-Inhibition in Drosophila Current Biology, Volume 20, Issue 6, 554-560, 11 March 2010

25. Lateral Transfer of Genes from Fungi Underlies Carotenoid Production in Aphids

Science 30 April 2010:Vol. 328. no. 5978, pp. 624 – 627

Insect Development 26. Hedgehog-dependent down-regulation of the tumor suppressor, vitamin

D3 up-regulated protein 1 (VDUP1), precedes lamina development in Drosophila

Brain Research Volume 1324, 9 April 2010, Pages 1-13

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10964959http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=PublicationURL&_tockey=%23TOC%234925%232010%23998449995%231773117%23FLA%23&_cdi=4925&_pubType=J&view=c&_auth=y&_acct=C000030078&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=586462&md5=c7b4c04c2f73123308af4878996f56cfhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10964959http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=PublicationURL&_tockey=%23TOC%234925%232010%23998449995%231773117%23FLA%23&_cdi=4925&_pubType=J&view=c&_auth=y&_acct=C000030078&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=586462&md5=c7b4c04c2f73123308af4878996f56cfhttp://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11572.abstract#fn-3#fn-3http://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11572.abstract#fn-3#fn-3http://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11667.abstract#fn-2#fn-2http://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11667.abstract#fn-2#fn-2http://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11143.abstract#fn-1#fn-1http://www.jbc.org/content/285/17/13154.abstract#fn-6#fn-6http://www.jbc.org/content/285/17/13154.abstract#fn-6#fn-6http://www.jbc.org/content/285/17/12497.abstract#fn-5#fn-5http://www.jbc.org/content/285/17/12497.abstract#fn-5#fn-5http://springerlink.com/content/100479/?p=38b494e452434c34aa60b74f5a483eec&pi=0http://springerlink.com/content/p10pk112l207/?p=38b494e452434c34aa60b74f5a483eec&pi=0http://www.cell.com/issue?pii=S0092-8674(10)X0009-5http://www.cell.com/current-biology/issue?pii=S0960-9822(10)X0006-9http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00068993http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=PublicationURL&_tockey=%23TOC%234841%232010%23986759999%231837697%23FLA%23&_cdi=4841&_pubType=J&view=c&_auth=y&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=44652a2da3a4d042bb0d66927063742e


27. Generation of a novel wing colour pattern by the Wingless morphogen Nature 464, 1143-1148 (22 April 2010)

28. Hrp48 attenuates Sxl expression to allow for proper notch expression and signaling in wing development

PNAS April 13, 2010 vol. 107 no. 15 6930-6935

Insect Ecology 29. Food stress sensitivity and flight performance across phosphoglucose

isomerase enzyme genotypes in the sooty copper butterfly Population Ecology Volume 52, Number 2 / April, 2010 307-315

30. Interactions among predators and the cascading effects of vertebrate insectivores on arthropod communities and plants

PNAS April 20, 2010 vol. 107 no. 16 7335-7340

31. Climatic warming increases voltinism in European butterflies and moths Proc. R. Soc. B 22 April 2010 vol. 277 no. 1685 1281-1287

Insect Evolution 32. COMPONENTS OF REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION BETWEEN NORTH

AMERICAN PHEROMONE STRAINS OF THE EUROPEAN CORN BORER Evolution 2010 Volume 64 Issue 4, Pages 881 - 902

33. INTRINSIC REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION BETWEEN TWO SISTER SPECIES OF DROSOPHILA

Evolution 2010 Volume 64 Issue 4, Pages 903 - 920

34. MULTITRAIT, HOST-ASSOCIATED DIVERGENCE AMONG SETS OF BUTTERFLY POPULATIONS: IMPLICATIONS FOR REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION AND ECOLOGICAL SPECIATION


35. POPULATIONS OF MONARCH BUTTERFLIES WITH DIFFERENT MIGRATORY BEHAVIORS SHOW DIVERGENCE IN WING MORPHOLOGY


36. LARGE-SCALE EVOLUTIONARY PATTERNS OF HOST PLANT ASSOCIATIONS IN THE LEPIDOPTERA


37. Dissecting comimetic radiations in Heliconius reveals divergent histories of convergent butterflies

PNAS April 20, 2010 vol. 107 no. 16 7365-7370

38. Segregation distortion causes large-scale differences between male and female genomes in hybrid ants

PNAS April 20, 2010 vol. 107 no. 16 7371-7376

Insect Genetics 39. Drosophila Rab23 Is Involved in the Regulation of the Number and Planar

Polarization of the Adult Cuticular Hairs Genetics, Vol. 184, 1051-1065, April 2010

http://www.springerlink.com/content/103139/?p=4e2cbfa834804f96bdac3cd9e4b8bc08&pi=0http://www.springerlink.com/content/m15810m7886h/?p=4e2cbfa834804f96bdac3cd9e4b8bc08&pi=0http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/117958524/homehttp://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/123334375/issuehttp://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/117958524/homehttp://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/123334375/issuehttp://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/117958524/homehttp://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/123334375/issuehttp://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/117958524/homehttp://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/123334375/issuehttp://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/117958524/homehttp://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/123334375/issue


40. Cyclin Y Is a Novel Conserved Cyclin Essential for Development in Drosophila

Genetics, Vol. 184, 1025-1035, April 2010

41. Convergently Recruited Nuclear Transport Retrogenes Are Male Biased in Expression and Evolving Under Positive Selection in Drosophila


42. A Genomewide RNA Interference Screen for Modifiers of Aggregates Formation by Mutant Huntingtin in Drosophila


43. The clock gene cryptochrome of Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) in strains with different mating times

Heredity (2010) 104, 387–392

44. Chromosomal mapping of repetitive DNAs in the beetle Dichotomius geminatus provides the first evidence for an association of 5S rRNA and histone H3 genes in insects, and repetitive DNA similarity between the B chromosome and A complement

Heredity (2010) 104, 393–400

45. Epigenetic stability increases extensively during Drosophila follicle stem cell differentiation

PNAS April 20, 2010 vol. 107 no. 16 7389-7394

Insect Genome 46. Extensive synteny conservation of holocentric chromosomes in

Lepidoptera despite high rates of local genome rearrangements PNAS April 27, 2010 vol. 107 no. 17 7680-7685

Insect Memory 47. Place memory formation in Drosophila is independent of proper

octopamine signaling Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology Volume 196, Number 4 / April, 2010 299-305

48. PI3 kinase signaling is involved in Aβ-induced memory loss in Drosophila PNAS April 13, 2010 vol. 107 no. 15 7060-7065

Insect Molecular Biology 49. A Global In Vivo Drosophila RNAi Screen Identifies NOT3 as a Conserved

Regulator of Heart Function Cell, Volume 141, Issue 1, 142-153, 2 April 2010

50. Lgl, aPKC, and Crumbs Regulate the Salvador/Warts/Hippo Pathway through Two Distinct Mechanisms

Current Biology, Volume 20, Issue 7, 573-581, 01 April 2010

51. Crumbs Regulates Salvador/Warts/Hippo Signaling in Drosophila via the FERM-Domain Protein Expanded


http://springerlink.com/content/100424/?p=828b0e7b2f93483dbb7c2e64334ee9e0&pi=0http://springerlink.com/content/100424/?p=828b0e7b2f93483dbb7c2e64334ee9e0&pi=0http://springerlink.com/content/w51088u2306p/?p=828b0e7b2f93483dbb7c2e64334ee9e0&pi=0http://www.cell.com/issue?pii=S0092-8674(10)X0007-1http://www.cell.com/current-biology/issue?pii=S0960-9822(10)X0007-0http://www.cell.com/current-biology/issue?pii=S0960-9822(10)X0007-0

Insect Frontiers, April 2010 Volume 2 Number 4 Insect Molecular Ecology

52. Six quantitative trait loci influence task thresholds for hygienic behaviour in honeybees (Apis mellifera)

Molecular Ecology 2010 Volume 19 Issue 7, Pages 1452 - 1461

53. Fine-scale spatial and temporal population genetics of Aedes japonicus, a new US mosquito, reveal multiple introductions


54. Population genetic data suggest a role for mosquito-mediated dispersal of West Nile virus across the western United States


55. Ecology, Wolbachia infection frequency and mode of reproduction in the parasitoid wasp Tetrastichus coeruleus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)


Insect Morphology 56. Functional morphology of the female reproductive apparatus of

Stephanitis pyrioides (Heteroptera, Tingidae): A novel role for the pseudospermathecae

Journal of Morphology 2010 Volume 271 Issue 4, Pages 473 - 482

57. A novel pattern of follicular epithelium morphogenesis in higher dipterans Zoology Volume 113, Issue 2, March 2010, Pages 91-99

Insect Neuroscience 58. A new genetic model of activity-induced Ras signaling dependent pre-

synaptic plasticity in Drosophila Brain Research Volume 1326, 22 April 2010, Pages 15-29

59. Localization of serotonin/tryptophan-hydroxylase-immunoreactive cells in the brain and suboesophageal ganglion of Drosophila melanogaster

Cell and Tissue Research Volume 340, Number 1 / April, 2010 51-59

60. Multipotent neuroblasts generate a biochemical neuroarchitecture in the central complex of the grasshopper Schistocerca gregaria

Cell and Tissue Research Volume 340, Number 1 / April, 2010 13-28

61. DN1p Circadian Neurons Coordinate Acute Light and PDF Inputs to Produce Robust Daily Behavior in Drosophila


62. Light and Temperature Control the Contribution of Specific DN1 Neurons to Drosophila Circadian Behavior


63. Sensor Fusion in Identified Visual Interneurons Current Biology, Volume 20, Issue 7, 624-628, 18 March 2010

64. Inactivation of Both foxo and reaper Promotes Long-Term Adult Neurogenesis in Drosophila

Current Biology, Volume 20, Issue 7, 643-648, 25 March 2010

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65. Ajuba LIM Proteins Are Negative Regulators of the Hippo Signaling Pathway

Current Biology, Volume 20, Issue 7, 657-662, 18 March 2010

66. Visual Targeting of Motor Actions in Climbing Drosophila Current Biology, Volume 20, Issue 7, 663-668, 25 March 2010

67. Immunocytochemical localization of synaptic proteins to photoreceptor synapses of Drosophila melanogaster

J. Comp. Neurol. 518:1133-1155, 2010.

68. Development of nitrergic neurons in the nervous system of the locust

embryo J. Comp. Neurol. 518:1157-1175, 2010.

69. The circadian timing system in the brain of the fifth larval instar of Rhodnius prolixus (hemiptera)

J. Comp. Neurol. 518:1264-1282, 2010.

70. Actions of motor neurons and leg muscles in jumping by planthopper insects (hemiptera, issidae)

J. Comp. Neurol. 518:1349-1369, 2010.

71. Intensity invariance properties of auditory neurons compared to the statistics of relevant natural signals in grasshoppers

Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology Volume 196, Number 4 / April, 2010 285-297

72. Neural responses to one- and two-tone stimuli in the hearing organ of the dengue vector mosquito


73. Male moths bearing transplanted female antennae express characteristically female behaviour and central neural activity


74. Mating-induced transient inhibition of responses to sex pheromone in a male moth is not mediated by octopamine or serotonin


75. Both synthesis and reuptake are critical for replenishing the releasable serotonin pool in Drosophila

Journal of Neurochemistry 2010 Volume 113 Issue 1, Pages 188 - 199

76. A Perisynaptic Ménage à Trois between Dlg, DLin-7, and Metro Controls Proper Organization of Drosophila Synaptic Junctions

The Journal of Neuroscience, April 28, 2010, 30(17):5811-5824 77.

The Transcription Factor Mef2 Is Required for Normal Circadian Behavior in Drosophila

The Journal of Neuroscience, April 28, 2010, 30(17):5855-5865;

78. Diversity and wiring variability of olfactory local interneurons in the Drosophila antennal lobe

Nature Neuroscience

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79. Control of sexual differentiation and behavior by the doublesex gene in Drosophila melanogaster

Nature Neuroscience

80. Divisive Normalization in Olfactory Population Codes Neuron, Volume 66, Issue 2, 287-299, 29 April 2010

Insect Neuroethology 81. Age-dependent cyclic locomotor activity in the cricket, Gryllus

bimaculatus, and the effect of adipokinetic hormone on locomotion and excitability

Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology Volume 196, Number 4 / April, 2010 271-283

82. Neuromechanical simulation of the locust jump Journal of Experimental Biology 213, 1060-1068 (2010)

Insect Physiology 83. Genotype by temperature interactions in the metabolic rate of the

Glanville fritillary butterfly Journal of Experimental Biology 213, 1042-1048 (2010)

84. The scaling of myofibrillar actomyosin ATPase activity in apid bee flight muscle in relation to hovering flight energetics


85. Resolving Mechanisms of Competitive Fertilization Success in Drosophila melanogaster


Insect sex determination 86. Maternal Control of Haplodiploid Sex Determination in the Wasp Nasonia


Insect Society 87. Beyond cuticular hydrocarbons: evidence of proteinaceous secretion

specific to termite kings and queens Proc. R. Soc. B 7 April 2010 vol. 277 no. 1684 995-1002

Insect Review 88. The impacts of metals and metalloids on insect behavior

Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata Volume 135 Issue 1, Pages 1 – 17 2010

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Insect Behaviour 1. Elaborate courtship enhances sperm transfer in the Hawaiian swordtail

cricket, Laupala cerasina Tagide N. deCarvalho, a, and Kerry L. Shaw1, a a Department of Biology, University of Maryland, U.S.A.

Males of many insect species engage in ritualized behaviours during courtship that include the donation of a food gift to their partner. Although there is extensive diversity in nuptial gift form, a gift provided before mating typically serves to facilitate copulation, thereby increasing a male's mating success. Unlike other insects, the Hawaiian swordtail cricket Laupala shows protracted courtship that includes the serial donation of nuptial gifts prior to mating. Males transfer multiple spermless ‘micro’ spermatophores over several hours before the transfer of a single sperm containing a ‘macro’ spermatophore. By experimental manipulation of male courtship, we tested several hypotheses pertaining to the adaptive significance of protracted courtship involving nuptial gift donation in this system. We found that extensive courtship interactions improve insemination by causing the female reproductive tract to take in more sperm. This suggests that the enhancement of sperm transfer is due to the serial donation of microspermatophores, which would represent a relatively novel function for nuptial gifts provided before mating and highlights the importance of examining cryptic processes of sexual selection. Animal Behaviour Volume 79, Issue 4, April 2010, Pages 819-826 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6W9W-4Y7P9T6-4&_user=8538702&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=8538702&md5=dcf11030d761bc167ff85e6bce1889ab

2. Displacement activities during the honeybee transition from waggle

dance to foraging Meredith Root-Bernstein, a, a Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, U.S.A.

Displacement activities, which are typically locomotory, grooming and object-manipulation behaviours, have been shown to reduce stress. However, their function within the motivational system remains unclear. I tested the hypothesis that displacement activities have a functional role during transitions between motivational states, using the honeybee model system. I observed a number of locomotory and grooming behaviours performed when foraging honeybees returned to the hive to dance. These focal behaviours occurred significantly more frequently during the period of transition from waggle dancing to exiting the hive to forage than during the periods before the waggle dance or during the waggle dance. By contrast, the control behaviour, trophallaxis, was distributed across time periods significantly differently, occurring with equal frequency in all periods. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that displacement activities have a functional role during motivational transitions. Evidence from other species suggests that the most likely function is facilitation, rather than inhibition, of the transition. The wide range of species in which displacement activities have been identified suggests that they are a universal feature of motivational control. Animal Behaviour Volume 79, Issue 4, April 2010, Pages 935-938 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6W9W-4YDYWC2-4&_user=8538702&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=8538702&md5=664ca8ae4603cd22a1e487691008ba39

3. Dynamics of optomotor responses in Drosophila to perturbations in optic

flow Jamie C. Theobald , Dario L. Ringach and Mark A. Frye 1,* 2,3 1,2 [email protected]

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6W9W-4Y7P9T6-4&_user=8538702&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=8538702&md5=dcf11030d761bc167ff85e6bce1889ab#implicit0#implicit0http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6W9W-4Y7P9T6-4&_user=8538702&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=8538702&md5=dcf11030d761bc167ff85e6bce1889ab#fn1#fn1http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6W9W-4Y7P9T6-4&_user=8538702&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=8538702&md5=dcf11030d761bc167ff85e6bce1889ab#implicit0#implicit0http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6W9W-4Y7P9T6-4&_user=8538702&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=8538702&md5=dcf11030d761bc167ff85e6bce1889ab#implicit0#implicit0http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00033472http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=PublicationURL&_tockey=%23TOC%236693%232010%23999209995%231805726%23FLA%23&_cdi=6693&_pubType=J&view=c&_auth=y&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=8538702&md5=2df88ccaccd416203dcebc4caabdf3ebhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6W9W-4Y7P9T6-4&_user=8538702&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=8538702&md5=dcf11030d761bc167ff85e6bce1889abhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6W9W-4Y7P9T6-4&_user=8538702&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=8538702&md5=dcf11030d761bc167ff85e6bce1889abhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6W9W-4Y7P9T6-4&_user=8538702&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=8538702&md5=dcf11030d761bc167ff85e6bce1889abhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6W9W-4YDYWC2-4&_user=8538702&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=8538702&md5=664ca8ae4603cd22a1e487691008ba39#implicit0#implicit0http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/00033472http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=PublicationURL&_tockey=%23TOC%236693%232010%23999209995%231805726%23FLA%23&_cdi=6693&_pubType=J&view=c&_auth=y&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=8538702&md5=2df88ccaccd416203dcebc4caabdf3ebhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6W9W-4YDYWC2-4&_user=8538702&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=8538702&md5=664ca8ae4603cd22a1e487691008ba39http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6W9W-4YDYWC2-4&_user=8538702&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=8538702&md5=664ca8ae4603cd22a1e487691008ba39http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6W9W-4YDYWC2-4&_user=8538702&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=8538702&md5=664ca8ae4603cd22a1e487691008ba39mailto:[email protected]


1 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, 621 Charles Young Dr. South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1606, USA 2 Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA 3 Department of Psychology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA

For a small flying insect, correcting unplanned course perturbations is essential for navigating through the world. Visual course control relies on estimating optic flow patterns which, in flies, are encoded by interneurons of the third optic ganglion. However,

the rules that translate optic flow into flight motor commands remain poorly understood. Here, we measured the temporal dynamics of optomotor responses in tethered flies to optic flow fields about three cardinal axes. For each condition, we used white noise analysis to determine the optimal linear filters linking optic flow to the sum and difference of left and right wing beat amplitudes. The estimated filters indicate that flies react very quickly to perturbations of the motion field, with pure delays in the order of ~20 ms and time-to-peak of ~100 ms. By convolution the filters also predict responses to arbitrary

stimulus sequences, accounting for over half the variance in 5 of our 6 stimulus types, demonstrating the approximate linearity of the system with respect to optic flow variables. In the remaining case of yaw optic flow we improved predictability by measuring

individual flies, which also allowed us to analyze the variability of optomotor responses within a population. Finally, the linear filters at least partly explain the optomotor responses to superimposed and decomposed compound flow fields. Journal of Experimental Biology 213, 1366-1375 (2010) http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/content/abstract/213/8/1366

4. The mechanics of azimuth control in jumping by froghopper insects G. P. Sutton and M. Burrows * [email protected] Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK

Many animals move so fast that there is no time for sensory feedback to correct possible errors. The biomechanics of the limbs participating in such movements appear to be configured to simplify neural control. To test this general principle, we analysed how froghopper insects control the azimuth direction of their rapid jumps, using high speed video of the natural movements and modelling to understand the mechanics of the hind

legs. We show that froghoppers control azimuth by altering the initial orientation of the hind tibiae; their mean angle relative to the midline closely predicts the take-off azimuth. This applies to jumps powered by both hind legs, or by one hind leg. Modelling suggests that moving the two hind legs at different times relative to each other could also control azimuth, but measurements of natural jumping showed that the movements of the hind legs were synchronised to within 32 µs of each other. The maximum timing difference observed (67 µs) would only allow control of azimuth over 0.4 deg. to either side of the midline. Increasing the timing differences between the hind legs is also energetically

inefficient because it decreases the energy available and causes losses of energy to body spin; froghoppers with just one hind leg spin six times faster than intact ones. Take-off velocities also fall. The mechanism of azimuth control results from the mechanics of the hind legs and the resulting force vectors of their tibiae. This enables froghoppers to have a simple transform between initial body position and motion trajectory, therefore

potentially simplifying neural control. Journal of Experimental Biology 213, 1406-1416 (2010) http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/content/abstract/213/9/1406

5. Honeybees change their height to restore their optic flow Geoffrey Portelli1 , Franck Ruffier1 and Nicolas Franceschini1

http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/content/abstract/213/8/1366mailto:[email protected]://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/content/abstract/213/9/1406


Biorobotics Department, Institute of Movement Sciences, CNRS-University of Aix-Marseille II, CP938, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille, Cedex 9, France

To further elucidate the mechanisms underlying insects’ height and speed control, we trained outdoor honeybees to fly along a high-roofed tunnel, part of which was equipped with a moving floor. Honeybees followed the stationary part of the floor at a given height. On encountering the moving part of the floor, which moved in the same direction as their flight, honeybees descended and flew at a lower height, thus gradually restoring their ventral optic flow (OF) to a similar value to that they had percieved when flying over the stationary part of the floor. This was therefore achieved not by increasing their airspeed, but by lowering their height of flight. These results can be accounted for by a control system called an optic flow regulator, as proposed in previous studies. This visuo-motor control scheme explains how honeybees can navigate safely along tunnels on the sole basis of OF measurements, without any need to measure either their speed or the clearance from the surrounding walls. Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Neuroethology, Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology Volume 196, Number 4 / April, 2010 307-313 http://springerlink.com/content/2745455n4452804v/?p=5d9cdc2a9fd94546b2421bb4cb9e65be&pi=6

6. Visual gaze control during peering flight manoeuvres in honeybees Norbert Boeddeker1,2,* and Jan M. Hemmi2 [email protected] 1Lehrstuhl für Neurobiologie, Universität Bielefeld, Postfach 10 01 31, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany 2ARC Centre of Excellence in Vision Science and Centre for Visual Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, PO Box 475, Canberra, ACI 2601, Australia

As animals travel through the environment, powerful reflexes help stabilize their gaze by actively maintaining head and eyes in a level orientation. Gaze stabilization reduces motion blur and prevents image rotations. It also assists in depth perception based on translational optic flow. Here we describe side-to-side flight manoeuvres in honeybees and investigate how the bees’ gaze is stabilized against rotations during these movements. We used high-speed video equipment to record flight paths and head movements in honeybees visiting a feeder. We show that during their approach, bees generate lateral movements with a median amplitude of about 20 mm. These movements occur with a frequency of up to 7 Hz and are generated by periodic roll movements of the thorax with amplitudes of up to ±60°. During such thorax roll oscillations, the head is held close to horizontal, thereby minimizing rotational optic flow. By having bees fly through an oscillating, patterned drum, we show that head stabilization is based mainly on visual motion cues. Bees exposed to a continuously rotating drum, however, hold their head fixed at an oblique angle. This result shows that although gaze stabilization is driven by visual motion cues, it is limited by other mechanisms, such as the dorsal light response or gravity reception. Proc. R. Soc. B 22 April 2010 vol. 277 no. 1685 1209-1217 http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/277/1685/1209.abstract?etoc

7. Optic flow informs distance but not profitability for honeybees Sharoni Shafir1,* and Andrew B. Barron2 [email protected] 1B. Triwaks Bee Research Center, Department of Entomology, Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel 2Department of Brain, Behaviour and Evolution, Macquarie University, 209 Culloden Road, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia

How do flying insects monitor foraging efficiency? Honeybees (Apis mellifera) use optic flow information as an odometer to estimate distance travelled, but here we tested whether optic flow informs estimation of foraging costs also. Bees were trained to feeders

http://springerlink.com/content/100424/?p=828b0e7b2f93483dbb7c2e64334ee9e0&pi=0http://springerlink.com/content/100424/?p=828b0e7b2f93483dbb7c2e64334ee9e0&pi=0http://springerlink.com/content/w51088u2306p/?p=828b0e7b2f93483dbb7c2e64334ee9e0&pi=0http://springerlink.com/content/2745455n4452804v/?p=5d9cdc2a9fd94546b2421bb4cb9e65be&pi=6http://springerlink.com/content/2745455n4452804v/?p=5d9cdc2a9fd94546b2421bb4cb9e65be&pi=6http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/search?author1=Norbert+Boeddeker&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/277/1685/1209.abstract?etoc#aff-1#aff-1http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/277/1685/1209.abstract?etoc#aff-2#aff-2http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/277/1685/1209.abstract?etoc#corresp-1#corresp-1http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/search?author1=Jan+M.+Hemmi&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/277/1685/1209.abstract?etoc#aff-2#aff-2mailto:[email protected]://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/277/1685/1209.abstract?etochttp://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/search?author1=Sharoni+Shafir&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/277/1685/1241.abstract#aff-1#aff-1http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/277/1685/1241.abstract#corresp-1#corresp-1http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/search?author1=Andrew+B.+Barron&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/277/1685/1241.abstract#aff-2#aff-2mailto:[email protected]

Insect Frontiers, April 2010 Volume 2 Number 4 in flight tunnels such that bees experienced the greatest optic flow en route to the feeder closest to the hive. Analyses of dance communication showed that, as expected, bees indicated the close feeder as being further, but they also indicated this feeder as the more profitable, and preferentially visited this feeder when given a choice. We show that honeybee estimates of foraging cost are not reliant on optic flow information. Rather, bees can assess distance and profitability independently and signal these aspects as separate elements of their dances. The optic flow signal is sensitive to the nature of the environment travelled by the bee, and is therefore not a good index of flight energetic costs, but it provides a good indication of distance travelled for purpose of navigation and communication, as long as the dancer and recruit travel similar routes. This study suggests an adaptive dual processing system in honeybees for communicating and navigating distance flown and for evaluating its energetic costs. Proc. R. Soc. B 22 April 2010 vol. 277 no. 1685 1241-1245 http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/277/1685/1241.abstract

8. Distributed leadership and adaptive decision-making in the ant Tetramorium caespitum B. Collignon* and C. Detrain [email protected] Service d’Ecologie Sociale CP. 231, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine, Boulevard du Triomphe 1050, Brussels, Belgium

In the ant species Tetramorium caespitum, communication and foraging patterns rely on group-mass recruitment. Scouts having discovered food recruit nestmates and behave as leaders by guiding groups of recruits to the food location. After a while, a mass recruitment takes place in which foragers follow a chemical trail. Since group recruitment is crucial to the whole foraging process, we investigated whether food characteristics induce a tuning of recruiting stimuli by leaders that act upon the dynamics and size of recruited groups. High sucrose concentration triggers the exit of a higher number of groups that contain twice as many ants and reach the food source twice as fast than towards a weakly concentrated one. Similar trends were found depending on food accessibility: for a cut mealworm, accessibility to haemolymph results in a faster formation of larger groups than for an entire mealworm. These data provide the background for developing a stochastic model accounting for exploitation patterns by group-mass recruiting species. This model demonstrates how the modulations performed by leaders drive the colony to select the most profitable food source among several ones. Our results highlight how a minority of individuals can influence collective decisions in societies based on a distributed leadership. Proc. R. Soc. B 22 April 2010 vol. 277 no. 1685 1267-1273 http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/277/1685/1267.abstract

Insect Behavioral Ecology 9. Does water velocity influence optimal escape behaviors in stream insects?

Trent M. Hoovera,b and John S. Richardsona [email protected] a Department of Forest Sciences, 3041-2424 Main Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4 b Department of Civil Engineering, 2324 Main Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4

Optimal escape theory can successfully explain variation in the distance to an approaching predator at which prey initiate flight (the flight initiation distance, FID). However, for animals without access to refuges, optimal escape theory may also explain

variation in the distance that prey flee (the retreat distance, RD). In benthic stream habitats, both the risk of predation and the costs of escape may be mediated by water velocity; optimal escape theory then predicts that FID and RD of slow-current insects

http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/277/1685/1241.abstracthttp://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/search?author1=B.+Collignon&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/277/1685/1267.abstract#corresp-1#corresp-1http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/search?author1=C.+Detrain&sortspec=date&submit=Submitmailto:[email protected]://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/277/1685/1267.abstractmailto:[email protected]

Insect Frontiers, April 2010 Volume 2 Number 4 should vary little with increasing current velocity, whereas the FID and RD of fast-current insects should decrease. To test this prediction, a simulated predator (SP) was used to initiate escape responses in 3 mayflies found in different habitats—Ameletus (slow pools), Baetis (fast riffles), and Epeorus (very fast cascades)—across a range of water velocities. Unexpectedly, the FID of all 3 prey did not vary with water velocity. In contrast, the RD of Epeorus decreased with velocity (RD at the lowest velocity about 4.5x greater than the highest velocity), whereas the RD of Ameletus did not vary significantly with velocity. Escape behaviors of Baetis did not vary strongly with velocity. Variation in the proportion

of larvae that escaped by drifting or swimming rather than crawling (Ameletus > Baetis, Epeorus) suggests that for fast-current prey, the costs associated with leaving the streambed exceed the risks of benthic predation. Water velocity may thus influence

ecological processes such as predator–prey interactions and emigration from patches in substantial, but previously unexplored, ways. Behavioral Ecology 2010 21(2):242-249; http://beheco.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/21/2/242

10. Dear enemy phenomenon in the leaf-cutting ant Acromyrmex lobicornis: behavioral and genetic evidence Romina D. Dimarcoa,b, Alejandro G. Farji-Brenera and Andrea C. Premolia [email protected] a Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Laboratorio Ecotono-Centro Regional Universitario Bariloche, Quintral 1250, 8400, Bariloche, Argentina b Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Tennessee, 569 Dabney Hall, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA

The defense of territory through aggressive behavior is well known in animals. However, some territorial animal species respond less aggressively to intrusions by their neighbors than to intrusions by nonneighbors to minimize the costs of continuous fights, a phenomenon termed the dear enemy phenomenon (DEP). Although several studies show the existence of this phenomenon, little is known about the mechanism behind it. One possible explanation is the lower degree of genetic divergence between neighbors

compared with nonneighbors. We tested the DEP hypothesis and whether genetic divergence among nests might drive the DEP in the leaf-cutting ant Acromyrmex lobicornis in Patagonia, Argentina, through behavioral and genetic studies. Individuals from nearby colonies interacted less aggressively than individuals from distant colonies. However, levels of genetic divergence between focal–close and between focal–nonneighbor nests attained similar values. Our results support the dear enemy hypothesis but suggest that the differential aggressiveness toward neighbors relative to nonneighbors is unrelated to genetic divergence among nests. Other possible causes of this behavior, such as habituation, are discussed. Behavioral Ecology 2010 21(2):304-310 http://beheco.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/21/2/304

11. The structure of foraging activity in colonies of the harvester ant, Pogonomyrmex occidentalis Blaine J. Colea, Adrian A. Smithb, Zachary J. Huberc and Diane C. Wiernasza [email protected] a Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204-5001, USA b School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA c Department of Entomology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55108, USA

The timing of activity by desert dwelling poikilotherms can be critical to survival. In the western harvester ant, colonies that have higher levels of genetic diversity forage for longer time periods in the morning than colonies with less diversity. We determined whether the advantage of early foraging colonies was consistent by examining foraging behavior at other times of day and year. We used a combination of activity monitoring

and temperature measurement at the nest entrance to quantify foraging activity during

http://beheco.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/21/2/242mailto:[email protected]://beheco.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/21/2/304mailto:[email protected]

Insect Frontiers, April 2010 Volume 2 Number 4 the morning and evening summer foraging periods in both June and August. The duration of morning and evening foraging was significantly positively correlated both within and across seasons—some colonies have a consistent advantage in foraging. The temperature range over which colonies foraged was also consistent across time, suggesting that intercolony differences are a consequence of variation in the thermal ranges/preferences

of the colony's workers. The duration of foraging during this study was correlated with the duration of foraging measured 6 years earlier, suggesting that it is an aspect of colony phenotype. Behavioral Ecology 2010 21(2):337-342; http://beheco.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/21/2/337

12. Desert ants use foraging distance to adapt the nest search to the uncertainty of the path integrator Tobias Merklea,b and Rüdiger Wehnerc,d [email protected] a Centre for Visual Sciences, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia b Theoretical Biology, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany c Brain Research Institute, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland d Biocenter (Zoology II), University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany

Path integration enables desert ants to return to their nest on a direct path. However, the mechanism of path integration is error prone and the ants often miss the exact position of the nest entrance in which case they engage in systematic search behavior. The pattern produced by this search behavior is very flexible and enables the ants to take the errors into account that have been accumulated during foraging and homing. Here, we assess which parameter the desert ant Cataglyphis fortis uses to adapt its systematic search behavior to the uncertainty of its path integrator when deprived of additional external cues. We compared groups of ants that had covered the same distance between their nest and a food source but differed in the overall length of their foraging excursions. Our results show that the width of the ants’ search density profile depends on the

distance the ants have ventured out from the nest, that is, the length of the home vector, but not on the tortuousness of their outbound path, that is, the number of steps made during foraging. This distance value is readily available through the path integrator and obviously sufficient to calibrate the ants’ systematic search patterns. Behavioral Ecology 2010 21(2):349-355 http://beheco.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/21/2/349

13. Know thine enemy: why some weaver ants do but others do not Philip S. Neweya, Simon K.A. Robsonb and Ross H. Crozierb [email protected] a School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Cairns 4878, Australia b School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia

Recognition systems involve 3 components: an expression component, a perception component, and an action or response component. Disentangling the perception component from the action component can be difficult, as the absence of a discriminatory response may result from either a difference in perception or action. Social insects generally defend their colony against intruding conspecifics and provide a useful model for exploring recognition systems. However, whether differences in behavior at the colony

or individual level result from the perception or action component of the recognition system is largely unknown. Furthermore, variation at the individual level has remained largely unexplored because research on social insects often focuses on the colony rather

than on the individual. Using some novel behavioral bioassays, we here show that variation in the aggressive behavior of individual weaver ants (Oecophylla smaragdina L.) arises more from the identity of the recipient than of the intruder and, contrary to previous findings, that this often results from perceptual differences. We suggest that

http://beheco.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/21/2/337mailto:[email protected]://beheco.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/21/2/349mailto:[email protected]

Insect Frontiers, April 2010 Volume 2 Number 4 recognition in weaver ants may involve a template based on the individual’s odor prior to intermingling with other odors rather than on a common odor. We also argue that a common odor might be more important for the survival of the colony than a shared template. Conversely, possessing a range of templates may provide a colony with additional fitness benefits. By focusing on the differences among individual workers within colonies, this study reveals complexities in nest mate recognition that might otherwise have gone unnoticed. Behavioral Ecology 2010 21(2):381-386 http://beheco.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/21/2/381

14. Mate choice in the dung beetle Onthophagus sagittarius: are female horns ornaments? Nicola L. Watson and Leigh W. Simmons [email protected] Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Animal Biology (M092), The University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley 6009, WA, Australia

Sexual selection typically operates via male contest competition and female choice, favoring the evolution of secondary sexual traits in males. However, there are numerous taxa in which females possess secondary sexual traits and the selective pressures

operating on female ornamentation are not well understood. We examined sexual selection operating via mate choice in the dung beetle Onthophagus sagittarius, a species exhibiting sex-specific ornamentation. Precopulatory mate preferences and their subsequent effects on breeding success were examined. Female preferences favored large males and when paired with small males, males with high courtship rates. Large females were choosier than small females. No overt male preferences for female size or

ornamentation were found; thus, we conclude that female horns in this species are unlikely to have evolved as ornaments via precopulatory male mate choice. Relative horn length in females determined brood ball productivity, whereas female body size and an interaction between male courtship rate and male body size determined brood ball weight. Our results provide evidence for female but not male mate choice. They suggest that attractive males increase reproductive performance, but it is unclear whether the effect of male phenotype is mediated via differences in paternal investment or female differential allocation toward attractive males. Behavioral Ecology 2010 21(2):424-430 http://beheco.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/21/2/424

Insect Biochemistry 15. Apolipophorin-III expression and low density lipophorin formation during

embryonic development of the silkworm, Bombyx mori Kozo Tsuchidaa, , , Takeru Yokoyamaa, Takashi Sakudoha, Chihiro Katagirib, Shuichiro Tsurumaruc, Naoko Takadaa, Hirofumi Fujimotoa, Rolf Zieglerd, Hidetoshi Iwanoe, Kunikatsu Hamanof and Toshinobu Yaginumac a Division of Radiological Protection and Biology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan b Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan c Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan d Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ85721, USA e College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Japan f Department of International Environmental and Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan

We examined the expression of apolipophorin-III (apoLp-III) during embryonic development of the silkworm Bombyx mori. ApoLp-III mRNA was first expressed 24 h after oviposition, which corresponds to the time of germ band formation. The amount of apoLp-III in the eggs increased from day 2, peaked on day 4, and then gradually decreased until hatching (on day 9.5). ApoLp-III was apparently synthesized during early

http://beheco.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/21/2/381mailto:[email protected]://beheco.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/abstract/21/2/424http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T2R-4Y5BMJV-1&_user=586462&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000030078&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=586462&md5=2dd148e0948b245106eef0cb653e0d70#aff1#aff1http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T2R-4Y5BMJV-1&_user=586462&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000030078&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=586462&md5=2dd148e0948b245106eef0cb653e0d70#aff1#aff1http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T2R-4Y5BMJV-1&_user=586462&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000030078&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=586462&md5=2dd148e0948b245106eef0cb653e0d70#aff1#aff1http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T2R-4Y5BMJV-1&_user=586462&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000030078&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=586462&md5=2dd148e0948b245106eef0cb653e0d70#aff2#aff2http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T2R-4Y5BMJV-1&_user=586462&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000030078&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=586462&md5=2dd148e0948b245106eef0cb653e0d70#aff3#aff3http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T2R-4Y5BMJV-1&_user=586462&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000030078&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=586462&md5=2dd148e0948b245106eef0cb653e0d70#aff1#aff1http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T2R-4Y5BMJV-1&_user=586462&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000030078&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=586462&md5=2dd148e0948b245106eef0cb653e0d70#aff1#aff1http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T2R-4Y5BMJV-1&_user=586462&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000030078&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=586462&md5=2dd148e0948b245106eef0cb653e0d70#aff4#aff4http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T2R-4Y5BMJV-1&_user=586462&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000030078&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=586462&md5=2dd148e0948b245106eef0cb653e0d70#aff5#aff5http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T2R-4Y5BMJV-1&_user=586462&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000030078&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=586462&md5=2dd148e0948b245106eef0cb653e0d70#aff6#aff6http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T2R-4Y5BMJV-1&_user=586462&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000030078&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=586462&md5=2dd148e0948b245106eef0cb653e0d70#aff3#aff3http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T2R-4Y5BMJV-1&_user=586462&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000030078&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=586462&md5=2dd148e0948b245106eef0cb653e0d70#aff3#aff3

Insect Frontiers, April 2010 Volume 2 Number 4 embryogenesis, as radioactive amino acids were incorporated into newly synthesized apoLp-III in three-day-old eggs. Moreover, radioactive apoLp-III was found only in the embryo and not in the extraembryonic tissue. KBr density gradient ultracentrifugation of egg homogenates showed that apoLp-III was associated with low-density lipophorin (LDLp). These results suggest that LDLp is required for the delivery of lipids for organogenesis during embryogenesis. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Volume 155, Issue 4, April 2010, Pages 363-370 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T2R-4Y5BMJV-1&_user=586462&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000030078&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=586462&md5=2dd148e0948b245106eef0cb653e0d70

16. Role of the triad N46, S106 and T107 and the surface charges in the

determination of the acidic pH optimum of digestive lysozymes from Musca domestica Fabiane C. Cançadoa, João A.R.G. Barbosab, c and Sandro R. Maranaa, , a Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, CP 26077, São Paulo, 05513-970, São Paulo, Brazil b Center for Structural Biology (CeBiME), Brazilian Synchrotron Light Laboratory (LNLS), CP 6192, Campinas, SP 13084-971, Brazil c Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil

Structures of digestive lysozymes 1 and 2 from housefly (MdL1 and MdL2) show that S106–T107 delimit a polar pocket around E32 (catalytic acid/base) and N46 contributes to the positioning of D50 (catalytic nucleophile), whereas those residues are replaced by V109–A110 and D48 in the non-digestive lysozyme from hen egg-white (HEWL). Further analyses revealed that MdL1 and MdL2 surfaces are less positively charged than HEWL surface. To verify the relevance of these differences to the acidic pH optimum of digestive lysozymes it was determined that pKas of the catalytic residues of the triple mutant MdL2 (N46D–S106V–T107A) are similar to HEWL pKas and higher than those for MdL2. In agreement, triple mutant MdL2 and HEWL exhibits the same pH optimum upon methylumbelliferylchitotrioside. In addition to that, the introduction of six basic residues on MdL1 surface increased by 1 unit the pH optimum for the activity upon bacterial walls. Thus, the acidic pH optimum for MdL2 and MdL1 activities upon methylumbelliferylchitotrioside is determined by the presence of N46, S106 and T107 in the environment of their catalytic residues, which favors pKas reduction. Conversely, acidic pH optimum upon bacterial walls is determined by a low concentration of positive charges on the MdL2 and MdL1 surfaces. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Volume 155, Issue 4, April 2010, Pages 387-395 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T2R-4Y52R5P-1&_user=586462&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000030078&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=586462&md5=0ac9022c66e6c6bad0b789ebd041c514

17. Structure and Function of a G-actin Sequestering Protein with a Vital Role

in Malaria Oocyst Development inside the Mosquito Vector* Marion Hliscs‡§,1, Julia M. Sattler‡,1,2, Wolfram Tempel¶, Jennifer D. Artz¶, Aiping Dong¶, Raymond Hui¶, Kai Matuschewski‡§,3 and Herwig Schüler‡‖,4 [email protected] From the ‡Department of Parasitology, Heidelberg University School of Medicine, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany, the §Parasitology Unit, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, 10117 Berlin, Germany, the ¶Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, M5G 1L7 Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and the ‖Structural Genomics Consortium, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden

Cyclase-associated proteins (CAPs) are evolutionary conserved G-actin-binding proteins that regulate microfilament turnover. CAPs have a modular structure consisting of an N-

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10964959http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=PublicationURL&_tockey=%23TOC%234925%232010%23998449995%231773117%23FLA%23&_cdi=4925&_pubType=J&view=c&_auth=y&_acct=C000030078&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=586462&md5=c7b4c04c2f73123308af4878996f56cfhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T2R-4Y5BMJV-1&_user=586462&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000030078&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=586462&md5=2dd148e0948b245106eef0cb653e0d70http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T2R-4Y5BMJV-1&_user=586462&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000030078&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=586462&md5=2dd148e0948b245106eef0cb653e0d70http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T2R-4Y5BMJV-1&_user=586462&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000030078&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=586462&md5=2dd148e0948b245106eef0cb653e0d70http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T2R-4Y52R5P-1&_user=586462&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000030078&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=586462&md5=0ac9022c66e6c6bad0b789ebd041c514#aff1#aff1http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T2R-4Y52R5P-1&_user=586462&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000030078&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=586462&md5=0ac9022c66e6c6bad0b789ebd041c514#aff2#aff2http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T2R-4Y52R5P-1&_user=586462&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000030078&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=586462&md5=0ac9022c66e6c6bad0b789ebd041c514#aff3#aff3http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T2R-4Y52R5P-1&_user=586462&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000030078&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=586462&md5=0ac9022c66e6c6bad0b789ebd041c514#aff1#aff1http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/10964959http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=PublicationURL&_tockey=%23TOC%234925%232010%23998449995%231773117%23FLA%23&_cdi=4925&_pubType=J&view=c&_auth=y&_acct=C000030078&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=586462&md5=c7b4c04c2f73123308af4878996f56cfhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T2R-4Y52R5P-1&_user=586462&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000030078&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=586462&md5=0ac9022c66e6c6bad0b789ebd041c514http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T2R-4Y52R5P-1&_user=586462&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000030078&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=586462&md5=0ac9022c66e6c6bad0b789ebd041c514http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6T2R-4Y52R5P-1&_user=586462&_coverDate=04%2F30%2F2010&_rdoc=1&_fmt=high&_orig=search&_sort=d&_docanchor=&view=c&_acct=C000030078&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=586462&md5=0ac9022c66e6c6bad0b789ebd041c514http://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11572.abstract#fn-3#fn-3http://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11572.abstract#fn-3#fn-3http://www.jbc.org/search?author1=Marion+Hliscs&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11572.abstract#aff-1#aff-1http://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11572.abstract#aff-2#aff-2http://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11572.abstract#fn-1#fn-1http://www.jbc.org/search?author1=Julia+M.+Sattler&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11572.abstract#aff-1#aff-1http://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11572.abstract#fn-1#fn-1http://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11572.abstract#fn-2#fn-2http://www.jbc.org/search?author1=Wolfram+Tempel&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11572.abstract#aff-3#aff-3http://www.jbc.org/search?author1=Jennifer+D.+Artz&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11572.abstract#aff-3#aff-3http://www.jbc.org/search?author1=Aiping+Dong&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11572.abstract#aff-3#aff-3http://www.jbc.org/search?author1=Raymond+Hui&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11572.abstract#aff-3#aff-3http://www.jbc.org/search?author1=Kai+Matuschewski&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11572.abstract#aff-1#aff-1http://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11572.abstract#aff-2#aff-2http://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11572.abstract#corresp-1#corresp-1http://www.jbc.org/search?author1=Herwig+Sch%C3%BCler&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11572.abstract#aff-1#aff-1http://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11572.abstract#aff-4#aff-4http://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11572.abstract#corresp-2#corresp-2mailto:[email protected]

Insect Frontiers, April 2010 Volume 2 Number 4 terminal adenylate cyclase binding domain, a central proline-rich segment, and a C-terminal actin binding domain. Protozoan parasites of the phylum Apicomplexa, such as Cryptosporidium and the malaria parasite Plasmodium, express small CAP orthologs with homology to the C-terminal actin binding domain (C-CAP). Here, we demonstrate by reverse genetics that C-CAP is dispensable for the pathogenic Plasmodium blood stages. However, c-cap(-) parasites display a complete defect in oocyst development in the insect vector. By trans-species complementation we show that the Cryptosporidium parvum ortholog complements the Plasmodium gene functions. Purified recombinant C. parvum C-CAP protein binds actin monomers and prevents actin polymerization. The crystal structure of C. parvum C-CAP shows two monomers with a right-handed β-helical fold intercalated at their C termini to form the putative physiological dimer. Our results reveal a specific vital role for an apicomplexan G-actin-binding protein during sporogony, the parasite replication phase that precedes formation of malaria transmission stages. This study also exemplifies how Plasmodium reverse genetics combined with biochemical and structural analyses of orthologous proteins can offer a fast track toward systematic gene characterization in apicomplexan parasites. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 285, 11572-11583. April 9, 2010 http://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11572.abstract

18. Drosophila Stathmins Bind Tubulin Heterodimers with High and Variable Stoichiometries* Sylvie Lachkar‡§¶,1, Marion Lebois‡§¶‖,1, Michel O. Steinmetz**, Antoine Guichet‖, Neha Lal‡§¶, Patrick A. Curmi‡‡, André Sobel‡§¶,2 and Sylvie Ozon‡§¶ [email protected] From ‡INSERM U 839, Paris F-75005, France, the §Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, UMR S839, Paris F-75005, France, the ¶Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris F-75005, France, the ‖Institut Jacques Monod, UMR 7592, CNRS, Université Paris Diderot, Paris F-75013, France, ‡‡INSERM U829, University Evry-Val d'Essonne, Evry F-91025, France, and **Biomolecular Research, Structural Biology, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland

In vertebrates, stathmins form a family of proteins possessing two tubulin binding repeats (TBRs), which each binds one soluble tubulin heterodimer. The stathmins thus sequester two tubulins in a phosphorylation-dependent manner, providing a link between signal transduction and microtubule dynamics. In Drosophila, we show here that a single stathmin gene (stai) encodes a family of D-stathmin proteins. Two of the D-stathmins are maternally deposited and then restricted to germ cells, and the other two are detected in the nervous system during embryo development. Like in vertebrates, the nervous system-enriched stathmins contain an N-terminal domain involved in subcellular targeting. All the D-stathmins possess a domain containing three or four predicted TBRs, and we demonstrate here, using complementary biochemical and biophysical methods, that all four predicted TBR domains actually bind tubulin. D-stathmins can indeed bind up to four tubulins, the resulting complex being directly visualized by electron microscopy. Phylogenetic analysis shows that the presence of regulated multiple tubulin sites is a conserved characteristic of stathmins in invertebrates and allows us to predict key residues in stathmin for the binding of tubulin. Altogether, our results reveal that the single Drosophila stathmin gene codes for a stathmin family similar to the multigene vertebrate one, but with particular tubulin binding properties. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 285, 11667-11680. April 9, 2010 http://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11667.abstract

19. Neurologic Dysfunction and Male Infertility in Drosophila porin Mutants A NEW MODEL FOR MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION AND DISEASE*

http://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11572.abstracthttp://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11667.abstract#fn-2#fn-2http://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11667.abstract#fn-2#fn-2http://www.jbc.org/search?author1=Sylvie+Lachkar&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11667.abstract#aff-1#aff-1http://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11667.abstract#aff-2#aff-2http://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11667.abstract#aff-3#aff-3http://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11667.abstract#fn-1#fn-1http://www.jbc.org/search?author1=Marion+Lebois&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11667.abstract#aff-1#aff-1http://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11667.abstract#aff-2#aff-2http://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11667.abstract#aff-3#aff-3http://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11667.abstract#aff-4#aff-4http://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11667.abstract#fn-1#fn-1http://www.jbc.org/search?author1=Michel+O.+Steinmetz&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11667.abstract#aff-6#aff-6http://www.jbc.org/search?author1=Antoine+Guichet&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11667.abstract#aff-4#aff-4http://www.jbc.org/search?author1=Neha+Lal&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11667.abstract#aff-1#aff-1http://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11667.abstract#aff-2#aff-2http://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11667.abstract#aff-3#aff-3http://www.jbc.org/search?author1=Patrick+A.+Curmi&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://www.jbc.org/search?author1=Patrick+A.+Curmi&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11667.abstract#aff-5#aff-5http://www.jbc.org/search?author1=Andr%C3%A9+Sobel&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11667.abstract#aff-1#aff-1http://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11667.abstract#aff-2#aff-2http://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11667.abstract#aff-3#aff-3http://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11667.abstract#corresp-1#corresp-1http://www.jbc.org/search?author1=Sylvie+Ozon&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11667.abstract#aff-1#aff-1http://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11667.abstract#aff-2#aff-2http://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11667.abstract#aff-3#aff-3mailto:[email protected]://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11667.abstracthttp://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11143.abstract#fn-1#fn-1


Brett H. Graham‡,1, Zhihong Li‡, Erminio P. Alesii‡, Patrik Versteken§¶, Cynthia Lee‡, Jennifer Wang‡ and William J. Craigen‡‖ [email protected] From the Departments of ‡Molecular and Human Genetics and ‖Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030 and the §VIB Department of Molecular and Developmental Genetics and ¶Center for Human Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium

Voltage-dependent anion channels (VDACs) are a family of small pore-forming proteins of the mitochondrial outer membrane found in all eukaryotes. VDACs play an important role in the regulated flux of metabolites between the cytosolic and mitochondrial compartments, and three distinct mammalian isoforms have been identified. Animal and cell culture experiments suggest that the various isoforms act in disparate roles such as apoptosis, synaptic plasticity, learning, muscle bioenergetics, and reproduction. In Drosophila melanogaster, porin is the ubiquitously expressed VDAC isoform. Through imprecise excision of a P element insertion in the porin locus, a series of hypomorphic alleles have been isolated, and analyses of flies homozygous for these mutant alleles reveal phenotypes remarkably reminiscent of mouse VDAC mutants. These include partial lethality, defects of mitochondrial respiration, abnormal muscle mitochondrial morphology, synaptic dysfunction, and male infertility, which are features often observed in human mitochondrial disorders. Furthermore, the observed synaptic dysfunction at the neuromuscular junction in porin mutants is associated with a paucity of mitochondria in presynaptic termini. The similarity of VDAC mutant phenotypes in the fly and mouse clearly indicate a fundamental conservation of VDAC function. The establishment and validation of a new in vivo model for VDAC function in Drosophila should provide a valuable tool for further genetic dissection of VDAC role(s) in mitochondrial biology and disease, and as a model of mitochondrial disorders potentially amenable to the development of treatment strategies. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 285, 11143-11153. April 9, 2010 http://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11143.abstract

20. Characterization of the Biochemical Properties and Biological Function of the Formin Homology Domains of Drosophila DAAM* Szilvia Barkó‡,1, Beáta Bugyi§,1,2, Marie-France Carlier§,3, Rita Gombos¶, Tamás Matusek¶, József Mihály¶ and Miklós Nyitrai‡,4 [email protected]

We characterized the properties of Drosophila melanogaster DAAM-FH2 and DAAM-FH1-FH2 fragments and their interactions with actin and profilin by using various biophysical methods and in vivo experiments. The results show that although the DAAM-FH2 fragment does not have any conspicuous effect on actin assembly in vivo, in cells expressing the DAAM-FH1-FH2 fragment, a profilin-dependent increase in the formation of actin structures is observed. The trachea-specific expression of DAAM-FH1-FH2 also induces phenotypic effects, leading to the collapse of the tracheal tube and lethality in the larval stages. In vitro, both DAAM fragments catalyze actin nucleation but severely decrease both the elongation and depolymerization rate of the filaments. Profilin acts as a molecular switch in DAAM function. DAAM-FH1-FH2, remaining bound to barbed ends, drives processive assembly of profilin-actin, whereas DAAM-FH2 forms an abortive complex with barbed ends that does not support profilin-actin assembly. Both DAAM fragments also bind to the sides of the actin filaments and induce actin bundling. These observations show that the D. melanogaster DAAM formin represents an extreme class of barbed end regulators gated by profilin. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 285, 13154-13169. April 23, 2010 http://www.jbc.org/content/285/17/13154.abstract

http://www.jbc.org/search?author1=Brett+H.+Graham&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11143.abstract#aff-1#aff-1http://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11143.abstract#corresp-1#corresp-1http://www.jbc.org/search?author1=Zhihong+Li&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11143.abstract#aff-1#aff-1http://www.jbc.org/search?author1=Erminio+P.+Alesii&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11143.abstract#aff-1#aff-1http://www.jbc.org/search?author1=Patrik+Versteken&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11143.abstract#aff-3#aff-3http://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11143.abstract#aff-4#aff-4http://www.jbc.org/search?author1=Cynthia+Lee&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11143.abstract#aff-1#aff-1http://www.jbc.org/search?author1=Jennifer+Wang&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11143.abstract#aff-1#aff-1http://www.jbc.org/search?author1=William+J.+Craigen&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11143.abstract#aff-1#aff-1http://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11143.abstract#aff-2#aff-2mailto:[email protected]://www.jbc.org/content/285/15/11143.abstracthttp://www.jbc.org/content/285/17/13154.abstract#fn-6#fn-6http://www.jbc.org/content/285/17/13154.abstract#fn-6#fn-6http://www.jbc.org/search?author1=Szilvia+Bark%C3%B3&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://www.jbc.org/content/285/17/13154.abstract#aff-1#aff-1http://www.jbc.org/content/285/17/13154.abstract#fn-1#fn-1http://www.jbc.org/search?author1=Be%C3%A1ta+Bugyi&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://www.jbc.org/content/285/17/13154.abstract#aff-2#aff-2http://www.jbc.org/content/285/17/13154.abstract#fn-1#fn-1http://www.jbc.org/content/285/17/13154.abstract#fn-2#fn-2http://www.jbc.org/search?author1=Marie-France+Carlier&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://www.jbc.org/content/285/17/13154.abstract#aff-2#aff-2http://www.jbc.org/content/285/17/13154.abstract#fn-3#fn-3http://www.jbc.org/search?author1=Rita+Gombos&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://www.jbc.org/content/285/17/13154.abstract#aff-3#aff-3http://www.jbc.org/search?author1=Tam%C3%A1s+Matusek&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://www.jbc.org/content/285/17/13154.abstract#aff-3#aff-3http://www.jbc.org/search?author1=J%C3%B3zsef+Mih%C3%A1ly&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://www.jbc.org/search?author1=J%C3%B3zsef+Mih%C3%A1ly&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://www.jbc.org/content/285/17/13154.abstract#aff-3#aff-3http://www.jbc.org/search?author1=Mikl%C3%B3s+Nyitrai&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://www.jbc.org/content/285/17/13154.abstract#aff-1#aff-1http://www.jbc.org/content/285/17/13154.abstract#corresp-1#corresp-1mailto:[email protected]://www.jbc.org/content/285/17/13154.abstract


21. Role of Alkaline Phosphatase from Manduca sexta in the Mechanism of Action of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ab Toxin* Iván Arenas, Alejandra Bravo, Mario Soberón and Isabel Gómez1 [email protected]

Cry toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis have been recognized as pore-forming toxins whose primary action is to lyse midgut epithelial cells in their target insect. In the case of the Cry1A toxins, a prepore oligomeric intermediate is formed after interaction with cadherin receptor. The Cry1A oligomer then interacts with glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored receptors. Two Manduca sexta glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins, aminopeptidase (APN) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), have been shown to bind Cry1Ab, although their role in toxicity remains to be determined. Detection of Cry1Ab binding proteins by ligand blot assay revealed that ALP is preferentially expressed earlier during insect development, because it was found in the first larval instars, whereas APN is induced later after the third larval instar. The binding of Cry1Ab oligomer to pure preparations of APN and ALP showed that this toxin structure interacts with both receptors with high affinity (apparent Kd = 0.6 nM), whereas the monomer showed weaker binding (apparent Kd = 101.6 and 267.3 nM for APN and ALP, respectively). Several Cry1Ab nontoxic mutants located in the exposed loop 2 of domain II or in β-16 of domain III were affected in binding to APN and ALP, depending on their oligomeric state. In particular monomers of the nontoxic domain III, the L511A mutant did not bind ALP but retained APN binding, suggesting that initial interaction with ALP is critical for toxicity. Our data suggest that APN and ALP fulfill two roles. First APN and ALP are initial receptors promoting the localization of toxin monomers in the midgut microvilli before interaction with cadherin. Then APN and ALP function as secondary receptors mediating oligomer insertion into the membrane. However, the expression pattern of these receptors and the phenotype of L511A mutant suggest that ALP may have a predominant role in toxin action because Cry toxins are highly effective against the neonate larvae that is the target for pest control programs. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 285, 12497-12503. April 23, 2010 http://www.jbc.org/content/285/17/12497.abstract

Insect Biology 22. Brood comb as a humidity buffer in honeybee nests

Michael B. Ellis1, Sue W. Nicolson1, Robin M. Crewe1 and Vincent Dietemann1, 2 [email protected] (1) Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa

Adverse environmental conditions can be evaded, tolerated or modified in order for an organism to survive. During their development, some insect larvae spin cocoons which, in addition to protecting their occupants against predators, modify microclimatic conditions, thus facilitating thermoregulation or reducing evaporative water loss. Silk cocoons are spun by honeybee (Apis mellifera) larvae and subsequently incorporated into the cell walls of the wax combs in which they develop. The accumula

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