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CPR/First Aid

Lesson 03Checking an Ill or Injured Person

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First Aid Care Guidelines

According to the American Red Cross guidelines for first aid & care;

An infant-from birth to 1 year.A child-1-12 years (school age).An adult-12 years or older.

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Checking a Conscious Person

When conducting interviews (victim & bystanders), ask simple questions and keep it brief.

Identify yourself.Ask for consent to help & the person’s

name.

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Checking a Conscious Person (cont)

What happened?Do you feel pain anywhere?Do you have any allergies? Do you have any medical conditions?Are you taking any medications?

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Checking a Conscious Person (cont)Checking from Head to Toe

When checking a conscious person–Do not move areas where they have

discomfort or if you suspect a head/neck/back injury.

Look for cuts, bruises, bumps & depressions.

Watch for changes in consciousness. (Drowsy/not alert/confused)

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Checking a Conscious Person (cont)Checking from Head to Toe

Look for changes in the person’s breathing.

Notice how the skin looks & feels.Look over the entire body.

Check head, shoulders, chest, abdomen. Check arms, hands, fingers. Check hips and legs in the same way.

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Checking a Conscious Person (cont)Checking from Head to Toe

Look for medical ID tag. (Medic Alert) Gives you medical information. Explains how to care for certain

conditions. List who to call for help.

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ABC’s of First Aid

A = Airway

B = Breathing

C = Circulation

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AirwayOpen it with a head tilt, chin lift.BreathingCheck for breathing & signs of life for no more than 10 seconds. (Look, listen & feel)CirculationIf a child/infant shows no signs of life, you will have to check for a pulse for no more than 10 seconds.

ABC’s of First Aid (cont)

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Pulse Checks

Adult-neck/carotid artery

Child-neck/carotid artery

Infant-upper arm/brachial artery

Groin region/femoral artery

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Pulse Checks/Arteries

Carotid

Radial

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Pulse Checks/Arteries

Brachial

Femoral

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Circulation

Recognize breathing emergencies in children, and act before the heart stops.

When a child/infant’s heart stops, it is usually the result of a breathing emergency.

Adults’ hearts frequently stop beating because of disease.

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Shock

Shock is a condition in which the circulatory system fails to supply oxygen to the body’s tissues and vital organs.

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Shock (cont)

When the body is healthy, 3 conditions are needed to keep the right amount of blood flowing–

The heart must be working well. An adequate amount of oxygen-rich blood

must be circulating in the body. Blood vessels must be intact and able to

adjust blood flow.

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Signals of Shock

Restlessness/irritabilityAltered level of consciousnessNausea/vomitingPale, ashen, cool, moist skinRapid breathing and pulseExcessive thirst

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Recognizing & Caring for Shock

Shock is likely to develop after any serious injury/illness including severe bleeding, serious internal injury, significant fluid loss or other conditions.

A person showing signals of shock needs immediate medical attention because body systems & organs are failing.

The goals of first aid are; get help, provide care and minimize shock.

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Caring for Shock

The following steps can minimize the effects of shock on the body.

Call 911/local emergency #. Help the person rest comfortably. Control external bleeding. Elevate the legs about 12 inches. Unless

you suspect a head/neck/back injury or possible broken bones.

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Caring for Shock (cont)

Maintain normal body temperature.Do not give them anything to eat or

drink.Reassure the person.Monitor the ABC’s and provide care

for the conditions that you may find.

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Skill Steps for Checking an Unconscious Adult

Step 1-Check scene, then check the person.

Step 2-Tap shoulder & shout.

Step 3-Have someone call 911.(If an unconscious person is face-down–Roll

face-up supporting head, neck & back.)

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Skill Steps for Checking an Unconscious Adult (cont)

Step 4-Open the airway (head-tilt, chin-lift), check for signs of life, movement & breathing for no more than 10 seconds.

Step 5-If no breathing, give 2 rescue breaths.

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Skill Steps for Checking an Unconscious Adult (cont)

Step 6-If breathing, place in the recovery position and monitor the ABCs.

WHAT TO DO NEXT…Be prepared to perform CPR or use an AED.

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Recovery Position (RP)

If you are alone and have to leave the person for any reason, place the person in the RP.

If the person has been in the RP for more than 30 minutes & begins to show signs of loss of circulation in the lower arm, turn them to the opposite side.

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HAINES Position (HP)High Arm In Endangered Spine (H.A.IN.E.S.) Position

If you suspect a head/neck/back injury & can maintain an open airway, do not move the person.

If an opened airway cannot be maintained, or you must leave the person to get help or an AED, put them in the HAINES position.