cps 111 - lecture 2 - hardware, software, networks - fall 2010 v1.0
TRANSCRIPT
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 1/67
1
CPS 111 ± Introduction to
Information CommunicationTechnology
Lecture 2
Week of 27/09/2010
Lecturer: M.L. Sanyang
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 2/67
2
Today¶s agenda
R eview of Syllabus Class schedule
Grading scheme
Class rights and responsibilities
R eview ± What is a computer?
Functions of personal computer Hardware
Software Networks
Quiz
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 3/67
3
CPS 111 class syllabus may be subjectto change
Sept. 20 Introduction of personal computer
Sept. 27 Functions of personal computer: Hardware, Software, Network
Oct. 4 Basic control of input devices: keyboard & mouse
Oct. 11 Improving typing ability
Oct. 18 Using a computer: Windows XP and basic computing operationFile management: R elation between files and folders
Oct. 25 Introduction to Microsoft WordR eview before midterm
Nov. 1 Midterm examination
Nov. 8 Advanced Microsoft WordNov. 15 Introduction to Microsoft Excel
Nov. 22 Advanced Microsoft Excel
Nov. 29 Introduction to Microsoft PowerPoint
Dec 6 Internet Access: Browsing, email, search engines, networkresource (e.g. Wikipedia)
Dec. 13 Final Exam
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 4/67
4
Grades are based on the following four components of students performance
Criteria Proportion Comment
Midterm examination 30%
Group Project 10% No more than 5 and no less than3 students in the same group
Homework and Quizzes 10%
Final examination 50% No supplement examinationsexcept with request andappropriate authorization
Total 100%
Student attendance must be greater than80% to take final examination
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 5/67
5
Additional details will be providedregarding the group project at a later date
Groups must contain 3 ± 5 students Choose team captain for all communications
with lecturer Must meet with lecturer to have topic of group
project approved and discuss nextsteps/progress
Subject: Statistical analysis of time series date
found by students (e.g. population growth forthe last two decades, etc.)
R equirements: R eport in Microsoft Word (1,000±3,000
words) Data storage and analysis in Microsoft Excel Presentation in Microsoft PowerPoint (5-10
slides)
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 6/67
6
Currently the following 8 lab sectionsare available
Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday
MomodouSanyang9:00 AM -12:00PM
Fatou Jaiteh9:00 AM -
12:00PM
LamaranaJallow
9:00 AM -12:00PM
AcquahHackman9:00 AM -12:00PM
AcquahHackman9:00 AM -12:00PMFatou Jaiteh
2:30PM -5:30PM
LamaranaJallow
1:00PM -4:00PM
MomodouSanyang
2:30PM -5:30PM
All sections are held in Lab 2 ± Please
attend only ONE section
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 7/67
7
Contact information
Momodou Lamin Sanyang-
Office hours
Mon to Fri: anytime except when I am
teaching( i.e Mon. 9:00 AM - 12:00PM and Thurs. 2:30PM - 5:30PM)
Location: Planning office
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 8/67
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 9/67
9
A few additional notes«
Please sign up for a UTG email account if youdo not have one already
You must submit the names of your groupmembers by the end of the next class
Be sure to add your name to the sign in sheet atthe front of the class if you did not last week
Please inform me directly if you wish to drop thisclass The ³drop class form´ must be completed or your
grade will be submitted
Last day to drop classes is October 8th
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 10/67
10
Class website
All slides, homework, homeworksolutions and announcements
will be available on the classwebsite at the following location:
http://sites.google.com/a/utg.edu.gm/cps-111-fall-2010/
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 11/67
11
Today¶s agenda
R eview of Syllabus Class schedule
Grading scheme
Class rights and responsibilities R eview ± What is a computer?
Functions of personal computer Hardware
Software Networks
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 12/67
12
A computer is«
A collection of hardware components thatfunction together as a system
An electronic device, operating under thecontrol of instructions stored in its ownmemory, that can«
Accept data (input)
Process the data according to specified rules
(process) Produce results (output)
Store results for future use (storage)
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 13/67
13
Information processing cycle iscomprised of four basic operations
Information processing cycle: Input,process, output and storage
People who use computers directly are
called computers users or end users
Process:
1) Compute eachcourse grade point2) Organize data3) Sum all credits4) Calculate total GPA
Grade:CPS 111 ± A
TotalGradeR eport
Grade:
MTH 004 - B
Grade:MTH 003 ± B
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 14/67
14
How does a computer know what todo?
Software ± Set of instructions usedto tell a computer what to do
(computer program) E.g. Microsoft Windows and Office etc.
Hardware ± A physical componentof a computer
E.g. keyboard, monitor, etc.
How many other examples of hardwareand software can you think of?
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 15/67
15
Today¶s agenda
R eview of Syllabus Class schedule
Grading scheme
Class rights and responsibilities R eview ± What is a computer?
Functions of personal computer Hardware
Software Networks
Quiz
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 16/67
16
Computers range from the smallestPD As to the largest CPU mainframes
Today¶s computer systems come ina variety of sizes shapes and
computing capabilities Mainframe Systems
Midrange computers
Microcomputers
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 17/67
17
Mainframe use is on the rise as a resultof emerging applications such as datamining/warehousing and ecommerce
Mainframe systems continue tohandle the information processingneeds of major corporations andgovernment agencies Used to handle high transaction
processing volume or complexcomputational problem solving
Can process thousands of millioninstructions per second
Have large primary storage capacity
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 18/67
18
Though less powerful, midrangesystems are less costly to buy, operateand maintain than mainframe systems
Midrange systems are primarily high-endnetwork servers and other types of servers that can handle the processing of
many business applications Often used to help manage larger
Internet websites, corporate intranets andextranets and other networks
Other applications such as datawarehouse management, data mining andonline analytical processing are becomingpopular
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 19/67
19
Microcomputers are the most importantcategory for consumers
Also called PCs (personal computers)
PCs are available as hand-held,
notebook, laptop, portable, desktopor floor-standing models
Other examples of microcomputersinclude
Workstation computers that supportapplications
Network servers that coordinatetelecommunications and resourcesharing in small networks
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 20/67
20
Purchase prices for supercomputerscan range from $5M to $50M USD
The term supercomputerdescribes a category of extremely
powerful computers Specifically designed for scientific,
engineering and business applicationsrequiring extremely high speeds
Use parallel processingarchitectures or interconnectedmicrocomputers
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 21/67
21
What do you look for in a new PCsystem?
A large monitor? Lots of R AM? Capacioushard drive?
Price of a new computer is only a smallpart of the total cost of ownership (TCO)
Support, maintenance, upgrades etc.contribute far more heavily to the total sum
Large corporations are more concerned
with the following: Solid performance at a reasonable price
Operating system ready
Connectivity
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 22/67
22
How fast are computer systems?
Early computer operating speeds were measuredin milliseconds (thousandths of a second)
Now computers operate in the nanosecond(billionth of a second) range An average person taking one step each
nanosecond would circle the earth 20 times in onesecond
Picosecond (trillionth of a second) has beenachieved by some computers
Most computers process instructions at millioninstructions per second (MIPS)
Another measure of processing speed ismegahertz (MHz), or millions of cycles persecond, and gigahertz (GHz), or billions of cyclesper second
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 23/67
23
There are hundreds of smaller components within a computer, butonly a few major ones are as follows:
Monitor
Keyboard
Mouse
Cables
Computer tower Processor (CPU)
Fan
Disk drive and/or floppy drive Hard drive
R AM
Motherboard
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 24/67
24
Computers can be relatively easy toassemble
Plug computer tower and monitor to wall
Connect monitor, keyboard and mouse tocomputer tower
Look for pictures on back of the tower to helpguide you to the correct connection location
Verify that outlet is on and functional
Take note of:
USB ports
Headphone connection
Network ports
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 25/67
25
REVIEW: What are the six major components of a computer?
Input devices
Processor
Memory (random access memory,R AM)
Output devices
Storage devices Communication devices
Can you give an example of these hardware
components?
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 26/67
26
A computer is only a high powered³processing box´ without peripherals
Peripherals is a generic namegiven to all:
Input devices Output devices
Secondary storage devices
Are separate from, but can be
electronically connected to andcontrolled by, a CPU
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 27/67
27
Input technologies now provide a morenatural user interface
Keyboards are the most widelyused devices for entering text and
data The electronic mouse is the most
popular pointing device used tomove the cursor on the screen
The computer interface displayed onthe computer screen is also known asthe Graphical User Interface (GUI)
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 28/67
28
There are several additional, but lesspopular, pointing devices used today
Trackball - A roller ball with only its topexposed outside used to move the cursor
Pointing stick ± A small button-like
device which moves the cursor in thedirection on the pressure you place on thestick (Likened to an eraser head)
Touchpad ± A small rectangular touch-sensitive surface
Touch screen ± Allows you to use acomputer by touching the surface of itsvideo display screen
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 29/67
29
The banking industry utilizes manydifferent input technologies
Optical scanning ± R ead text orgraphics and convert them to digitalinput
Other input technologies: Magnetic stripes
Smart cards
Digital cameras
Magnetic ink character recognition(MICR )
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 30/67
30
It is increasingly more common toutilize multimedia forms of output
Video output
Video monitors ± Use a cathode ray tubesimilar to that in used in a TV
Liquid crystal displays (LCDs) ± Used forportable microcomputers such as laptops andPDAs
Printed output
Inkjet printers ± Spray ink onto a page
Laser printers ± Electronic process similar tophotocopying
Audio output
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 31/67
31
Data / information can be stored untilneeded using various storage devices
Semiconductor
Memory
Magnetic Disks
Optical Disks
Magnetic Tape
Primary Storage(Main Memory)
Secondary Storage
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 32/67
32
Data are processed and stored in acomputer through binary representation
Data are processed and stored in acomputer system through thepresence or absence of electronic ormagnetic signals This is called two-state or binary
representation
The smallest element of data is
called a bit A byte is a basic grouping of bits
that the computer operates as asingle unit
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 33/67
33
The primary storage of your computer consists of microelectronicsemiconductor memory chips
Semiconductor memory ±Provides you with working storage
your computer needs to processapplications
RAM: R andom access memory ± Eachmemory position and both be read
(sensed) and written (changed) ROM: R ead only memory ± Used for
permanent storage as R OM cannot beerased or overwritten
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 34/67
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 35/67
35
Optical disks are a fast growing storagemedia
CD-ROM: Low cost way to read data filesand load software from CDs
CD-RW (rewritable): Allows you to create
custom data CDs CD-RW/DVD: Can read DVD-R OM and
CD-R OM disks and can create custom CDs DVD-ROM: Allows you to view DVD video
and sound
A DVD-R OM drive can also read CD-
R OM disks
DVD+RW/+R with CD-RW: All in onepackage Can burn DVD-R W or DVD-R disks, burn CDs,
and read DVDs and CDs
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 36/67
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 37/67
37
There are two major types of computer software
Application software ± Performsinformation processing tasks for end user
A pplication specific programs
General purpose application programs
System software ± Manages andsupports operations of computer systemsand networks
Sy stem management programs Sy stem development programs
The types of software you will encounterdepend on the types of computer you use and
the tasks you want to accomplish
Th t d li ti ft
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 38/67
38
The system and application softwareinterface between the end users andcomputer hardware
End User
Application Software
System SoftwareComputerHardware
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 39/67
39
Thousands of application specificsoftware packages are available
Application specific softwarepackages are available to support
specific applications of end users inbusiness and other fields
E.g. data warehousing, accounting,marketing, manufacturing, human
resource management, etc.
Th t id l d l
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 40/67
40
The most widely used general purposeproductivity packages come bundled assoftware suites
Software suites (e.g. Microsoft Office,Lotus SmartSuite, AppleWorks) Word processing (e.g. MS Word)
Electronic spreadsheets (e.g. MS Excel) Presentation graphics (e.g. MS PowerPoint)
Advantage: cheaper than purchasingindividual applications, similar GUIs,designed to work together
Disadvantages: Large space required,may not need all features
Software alternatives (custom software)are also growing in popularity
Th t i t t ft
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 41/67
41
The most important softwarecomponent for many computers todayis the web browser
Web browser are the key softwareinterface you use to point and clickthrough the world wide web and the
rest of the internet, intranet andextranet E.g. Internet Explorer, Netscape,
Firefox, Google Chrome, etc.
Universal software platform onwhich end users launch informationsearches, check e-mail, transferfiles, chat, etc.
El t i il d i t t i
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 42/67
42
Electronic mail and instant messagingare the first thing many people do atwork
Electronic mail (e-mail) and instantmessaging (IM) have changed theway people work and communicate
Millions of users depend on variouse-mail and IM software via theinternet, intranet or extranet
Many of these software applicationsare free and can be downloaded oraccessed via the WWW
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 43/67
43
We can group system software into twomajor categories
System management programsmanage the hardware, software, network,and data resources of computer systems
during the execution or informationprocessing jobs
System development programs helpthe users develop information system
programs and procedures and prepareuser programs for computer processing
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 44/67
44
The most important system softwarepackage is the operating system (OS)
The OS is an integrated system of programs that manages the operations of the CPU, controls the input/output and
storage resources and activities of thecomputer system and provides varioussupport services as the computerexecutes the application programs of users
The most indispensible component of thesoftware interface between users and thehardware
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 45/67
45
The OS controls many vital computer software functions
Operating system controls thefollowing: User interface ± Allows you to
communicate with the OS (command-driven, menu-driven, GUI)
Resource management ± Manage thehardware and networking resources
F ile management ± Control thecreation, deletion, location and accessof files of data and programs
T ask management ± Manage theaccomplishment of the computing tasks
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 46/67
46
There are a variety of operatingsystems available today
Microsoft Windows Windows NT, 2000, XP, 2007 etc. are different
versions of the Windows OS
Mac OS Operating system offered by Apple. Has
advanced GUI and multitasking andmultimedia capabilities
Linux
Is UNIX-like but was developed as free oropen-share software
UNIX Multitasking, multiuser, network-managing
operating system
There are many other types of
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 47/67
47
There are many other types of important system managementsoftware besides operating systems
Network management: Monitors networkto keep them up and running
Application server: Shuttles data between
business apps and the web
Database manager: Provides digitalstorehouse for data
Collaboration tools: Powers everything
from e-mail to electronic calendars
Development tools: Allows programmersto craft software code quickly
To understand computer software you
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 48/67
48
To understand computer software youshould have a basic understanding of programming languages (sys. dev.)
A programming language allows aprogrammer to develop a set of instructions that constitute a computer
program Programming requires the use of a variety of
programming packages
Higher level languages require a compiler orinterpreter to translate the program back intomachine language
Web languages and services HTML, XML and Java are three programming
languages that are important tools for buildingweb pages, websites and web-basedapplications
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 49/67
49
Today¶s agenda
R eview of Syllabus Class schedule
Grading scheme
Class rights and responsibilities R eview ± What is a computer?
Functions of personal computer Hardware
Software
Networks
Quiz
There is a wide spectrum of
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 50/67
50
There is a wide spectrum of telecommunication based technologiesavailable today
Telecommunications is theexchange of information in any form
(voice, data, text, image, audio,video) over computer basednetworks
Entertainment Information
Transactions
Communications E.g. High-definition TV Distance
learning Cellular systems
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 51/67
51
The networked enterprise
W hen computers are networked, twoindustries ± computing and communications± converge, and the result is vastl y morethan the sum of the parts. Suddenl y ,
computing applications become available for business-to-business coordination and commerce, and for small as well as largeorganizations. T he global Internet creates a public place without geographic boundaries
± c y berspace ± where ordinar y citizens caninteract, publish their ideas, and engage inthe purchase of goods and services. Inshort, the impact of both computing on our societ y and organizational structures isgreatl y magnified.
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 52/67
52
Businesses have become networkedenterprises
Systems which are being used tonetwork business processes andemployees together and connect
them to their customer, suppliersand other business stakeholders: Internet
Web
Intranets Extranets
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 53/67
53
The internet has become the largestand most important network today
The explosive growth of the internet is arevolutionary phenomenon in computingand telecommunications
Thousands of business, educational, andresearch networks now connect millionsof computer systems
The internet does not have a centralcomputer system. Instead each messagesent has a unique address code so anyinternet server in the network canforward it to its destination
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 54/67
54
The World Wide Web is one of themost popular internet applications
The most popular internetapplications are e-mail, instantmessaging, browsing sites on the
WWW, and participating innewsgroups and chat rooms http://www.webopedia.com/DidYouKno
w/internet/2002/web_vs_internet.asp
You can make online searches forinformation at websites usingsearch engines such as Google andYahoo!
What business value do companies
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 55/67
55
What business value do companiesderive from their business applicationson the internet?
Generate new revenue from onlinesales
R educe costs of doing business Develop new web-based products
Increase customer loyalty andretention
Attract new customers
Develop new markets and channels
Many companies feel that investing in
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 56/67
56
Many companies feel that investing inthe intranet is as fundamental assupplying an employee with a phone
A network inside of an organization that usesinternet technologies to provide an internet-likeenvironment within the enterprise Information sharing
Communication Collaboration
Support of business processes
Is protected by passwords and encryption and canonly be accessed by authorized users via the
internet Business value
Collaboration and communication
Web publishing
Business operations and management
As companies continue to use
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 57/67
57
As companies continue to useextranets they are able to gain manycompetitive advantages along the way
Extranets are network links that useinternet technologies to interconnect theintranet of a business with the intranets
of its customers, suppliers or otherbusiness partners
Business value
Speed and ease of access to intranet resources
Enables a company to offer new kinds of interactive web-based services to theircustomers
Improved collaboration
It is important to understand some
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 58/67
58
It is important to understand someimportant characteristics and basiccomponents of telecommunications
Network Alternative Examples of Alternatives
NetworksInternet, intranet, extranet, wide area,local area, client/server, peer-to-peer
Media
Twisted-pair wire, coaxial cable, fiber
optics, comm. Satellites, wireless, LAN
ProcessorsModems, multiplexers, routers,switches, hubs
SoftwareNetwork operating systems, webbrowsers, telecommunications monitors
ChannelsAnalog/digital, switched/nonswitched,bandwidth alternatives
Topology/architectureStar, ring, and bus topologies, OSI andTCP.IP architecture and protocols
Key telecommunications components and
alternatives
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 59/67
59
The basic components of atelecommunications network
1. Terminal
2. Telecommunications processors
3. Telecommunications channels4. Computers
5. Telecommunications controlsoftware
PC, OtherTerminals
Processor Processor
Computers
Software
1
1
2 2
3
4
5
2
3
4
5
Different types of networks serve as the
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 60/67
60
Different types of networks serve as thetelecommunications infrastructure for the internet, intranets, and extranet
WAN (Wide area networks):Connecting a large geographic areasuch as a city
LAN (Local area network): Connectwithin a limited physical area suchas an office
VPN (Virtual private network): Asecure network that uses theinternet to connect participatingorganizations
Different types of networks serve as the
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 61/67
61
Different types of networks serve as thetelecommunications infrastructure for the internet, intranets, and extranet
Client/server: Client computer areinterconnected by LANs and shareapplication processing with network
servers, which also manage thenetworks Have become the predominant
information architecture of enterprise
wide computing Peer-to-peer networking: The file-
sharing software in the P2P networkconnects your PC with one of the
online users in the network
Telecommunications channels make
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 62/67
62
Telecommunications channels makeuse of a variety of telecommunicationsmedia
Twisted-pair wire: Ordinary telephonewire, consisting of copper wire twistedinto pairs in the most widely used
medium for telecommunications Coaxial cable: Are you in high-service
metropolitan areas and many officebuildings for LANs
Fiber optics: Cables consisting of one ormore hair-like filaments of glass fiberwrapped in a protective jacket
About 100 times greater that coaxial cablesand 1,000 times better than twisted-pair wire
Processors perform a variety of support
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 63/67
63
Processors perform a variety of supportfunctions between computers and other devices
Modems: Convert digital signal from acomputer or transmission terminal at oneend of a communications link to analog
frequencies that can be transmitted overtelephone lines A modem at the other end converts the
transmitted data back into digital form
Multiplexers:
Internetwork processors:
Networks are interconnected by
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 64/67
64
Networks are interconnected byspecial-purpose communicationsprocessors
Internetwork processors: Switches: Communications processor
that makes a connections between
telecommunication circuits andnetworks
R outers: Interconnects networks basedon different rules so a message can berouted to its destination
Hubs: Port (connection for sharedaccess to networks resources)switching communications processor
Gateways: Connect networks that use
different communications architecture
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 65/67
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 66/67
66
Trends in telecommunications
Toward more competitive vendors, carriers, alliancesand network services, accelerated be deregulation andthe growth of the internet and the WWW
Industry
Toward extensive use of internet, digital fiber-optics,and wireless technologies to create high-speed localand global internetworks for voice, data, images andvideo communications
Technology
Toward the pervasive use on the internet, enterpriseintranets, and inter organizational extranets to supportelectronic business and commerce, enterprisecollaboration, and strategic advantage in local andglobal markets
Application
8/8/2019 CPS 111 - Lecture 2 - Hardware, Software, Networks - Fall 2010 v1.0
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/cps-111-lecture-2-hardware-software-networks-fall-2010-v10 67/67
Any comments or questions?
Next class topic: Basic control of input devices: Keyboard and
mouse
Homework due next class Will be posted by tomorrow
Be sure to add your name to the sign in
sheet at the front of the class