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ROMA, 4 Settembre 2010
CQN–FIPAV SDS
DARIO RIVA
International Society of Proprioception and Posture
ROMA, 4 Settembre 2010
CQN–FIPAV SDS
DARIO RIVA
International Society of Proprioception and Posture
● A che cosa serve la propriocezione?
● Come allenare la propriocezione?
● Gli effetti sono esercizio “specifici”?
● Gli effetti sono “dose-dipendenti”?
FIGURE SKATINGFour times world champion and Olympic champion
Top level vertical control in a four times world champion and Olympic champion
Proprioception in Proprioception in microgravitymicrogravity
First Non-Governative Zero-G Science Flight10 Aprile 2005 Miami FL, USA
22 secondsMartiangravity
22 secondsZero-G
x 21 times
22 secondsLunargravity
Muscular Atrophy Prevention and Recovery through Visual-Proprioception
81.5%81.5%
D. Riva, et al., Acta Astronautica 65 (2009) 813-819.Postural muscle atrophy prevention and recovery and bone remodelling through high frequency proprioception for astronauts.
In 1972 when he was 19 years old a viral desease In 1972 when he was 19 years old a viral desease
distroyed his proprioceptive fibers coming from spindles, tendondistroyed his proprioceptive fibers coming from spindles, tendons s
and joints.and joints.
He can feel temperature, pain, deep pressure and muscle fatigue.He can feel temperature, pain, deep pressure and muscle fatigue.
He lost the conscious and unconscious proprioceptive sensibilitHe lost the conscious and unconscious proprioceptive sensibility. y.
He can be aware of movements or of the segment position only He can be aware of movements or of the segment position only
with sight.with sight.
Ian WatermanIan Waterman
Hampshire, EnglandHampshire, England
Proprioceptive flowProprioceptive flow Muscle toneMuscle toneMuscle trophismMuscle trophism
Mechanical load Mechanical load (compression)(compression)
Mechanical loadMechanical load(traction)(traction)
NegativeNegative
structural remodellingstructural remodelling
Absence ofAbsence ofLoadLoadInstabilityInstability
Absence ofAbsence of terrestrial gravityterrestrial gravity
D. Riva, et al., Acta Astronautica, 65 (2009), 813-819. Postural muscle atrophy prevention and recovery and bone remodelling through high frequency proprioception for astronauts.
• Propriocettivo
il più
rapido
• Visivo
il più
preciso
• Vestibolare il più
tardivo e violento
*
**
Sistema di precisione Sistema di precisione
**
Sistema di emergenzaSistema di emergenza
*
Controllo posturale e gestione del movimento Controllo posturale e gestione del movimento
Sistemi Sistemi informativiinformativi coinvolticoinvolti
Congenital absence of labyrinthsvestibularstrategy vestibular
strategy: impossible
Sherrington 1906Sherrington 1906
What is What is proprioceptionproprioception??
It is the flow of signals which arises from our It is the flow of signals which arises from our muscles, tendons, joints, muscles, tendons, joints, …………....
Propriocezione:Propriocezione: due componentidue componenti
coscientecoscienteincoscienteincosciente
**
Dalla periferia solo Dalla periferia solo UNUN
segnale su segnale su un milioneun milione
riesce riesce a passare il filtro e a raggiungere il livello coscientea passare il filtro e a raggiungere il livello cosciente
Visual tracking
Visuo-proprioceptive test
Electronic rocking board
Postural reader
What is the first goal of the control system of movement on Earth?
World sport champions
Middle level athletes
Astronauts
Elderly people
Motor impaired subjects
Conscious task: foot hyperextension Top priority (unconscious): finding stability
ENTROPY IN SPORT DISCPLINES
6.5
8.8 8.9 8.9 9.3 9.4 9.1
10.8
4.94.94.74.64.13.83.62.8
5.16.2
7.3 8.0
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
0.71.5
FIGU
RE S
KATI
NG
0.91.8
ALPI
NE S
KIIN
G
0.6
1.8
ICE
DANC
ING
1.0
2.2
SOCC
ER
0.71.8
SKY
RUNN
ING
Alpi
ne S
kiin
g IT
. NAT
. Tea
m W
Artis
tic G
ymna
stic
s IT
. NAT
. Tea
m M
Saili
ng IT
. NAT
. Tea
m
Cros
s Co
untry
IT. N
AT. T
eam
M
Alpi
ne S
kiin
g IT
. NAT
. Tea
m M
Figu
re S
katin
g IT
. NAT
. Tea
mVo
lleyb
all A
1 W
Socc
er C
ham
pion
s Le
ague
Fin
alis
t
Snow
boar
ding
IT. N
AT. T
eam
12.8
7.4
Top
Swim
mer
s 15
-18y
s
13.8
7.4
Row
ing
Unde
r 18
8.3
14.7
Scub
a Di
ving
Inst
ruct
ors
degr
ees
Postural instabilityEntropy
World Champion
Three times World Champion and Olympic Champion
Rhyt
hmic
Gym
nast
ics
IT. N
AT. T
eam
W
World Champion and Olympic Champion
D. Riva, et al., Acta Astronautica 65 (2009) 813-819. doi: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2009.03.023Postural muscle atrophy prevention and recovery and bone remodelling through high frequency proprioception for astronauts.
Middle entropy level
Very low entropy level
High entropy
Entropy* of a systemEntropy* of a system
* disorder
Lower is the entropy, higher is the expressible energyLower is the entropy, higher is the expressible energy
Cheetah vs gazelle Cheetah vs gazelle ––
The gazeThe gaze
What does it maintain efficient What does it maintain efficient antigravity movementsantigravity movements
in wild animals?in wild animals?
Coupling Coupling loadload
and and instabilityinstability
is indispensableis indispensable
but most part of modern human activities are unablebut most part of modern human activities are unable……
Quando c’è
instabilità…
Quali contromisure?
Anziani Atleti Campioni del mondo e Olimpici
ENTROPY LEVEL ENTROPY LEVEL in terrestrial activityin terrestrial activity
Medium athletes
Sedentary Adults
Sedentary elderly
Top athletesin land disciplines
Pe
rfo
rma
nce
High
lowEntropy
Entropy
Entropy
Precautionary strategy
Entropy
Entropy
Aspetti biomeccaniciAspetti biomeccanici
Rolling point of support
Rocking Rocking --
rollingrolling
D. Riva, et al., Acta Astronautica 65 (2009) 813-819. doi: 10.1016/j.actaastro.2009.03.023Postural muscle atrophy prevention and recovery and bone remodelling through high frequency proprioception for astronauts.
Riva, Soardo et al., 1999Riva, Soardo et al., 1999
Tavole Tavole ““BASCULANTIBASCULANTI””
Tavole Tavole ““OSCILLANTIOSCILLANTI””
TAVOLE OSCILLANTI AMMORTIZZATE-FRENATE
Punto di appoggio fisso
Struttura pneumatica gonfiabile
Centro di rotazione fissoCoincidenti
MOLLE
Ammortizzatori oleodinamiciPro-kin
Aspetti neurofisiologiciAspetti neurofisiologici
Il tracking visivoIl tracking visivo
Come una lingua stranieraCome una lingua straniera……
Visual Tracking
Tracking visivo e alta frequenzaTracking visivo e alta frequenza
Latenza meccanicaLatenza meccanica
alta frequenza alta frequenza di situazioni biomeccanichedi situazioni biomeccanichedoppio movimentodoppio movimento
rockingrocking
rollingrolling
possibilitpossibilitàà di di arrestarearrestare--invertireinvertire il movimento di il movimento di inclinazione/rotolamento della tavola in tempi brevissimiinclinazione/rotolamento della tavola in tempi brevissimi((latenzalatenza
meccanica ininfluentemeccanica ininfluente))
REQUISITI MINIMI REQUISITI MINIMI per una riprogrammazione propriocettiva per una riprogrammazione propriocettiva
efficaceefficace
Riva et al., 1999Riva et al., 1999
Allenare il disordineAllenare il disordine
OBBIETTIVI
● ARTICOLARITA’
-
GROUNDING
● CONTROLLO
● ENDURANCE
● RIMODELLAMENTO STRUTTURALE
110
PROPRIOCEPTIVE DOORSPROPRIOCEPTIVE DOORS
High instability
Medium instability
Low instability
80
55
PROPRIOCEPTIVE DOORSPROPRIOCEPTIVE DOORS
11080 55
110
PROPRIOCEPTIVE PROPRIOCEPTIVE DOORDOORS FOR ATHLETESS FOR ATHLETES
Hyper-instability
High instability
Medium instability
Low instability
80
55
45
Range explorationForce oriented
Proprioceptive trainingwithout sight
The effectiveness is dipending on:
● Frequency of instability
● Joint range exploration:
► static limit exploration
► dynamic exploration
● Working volume
● Working density
LOOP STRATEGY
LOOP STRATEGY
L’allenamento propriocettivo
deve essere
è meglio che sia
non deve essere
sportsport--specificospecifico??
Dynamic joint range explorationDynamic joint range exploration
Range explorationsingle axis
supination
-12°
leftLatero-lateral
Range explorationsingle axis
pronation
-8°
rightLatero-lateral
Range exploration
single axis
+8°
-8°Antero-posterior right