crash investigation and black spot assessment

PowerPoint Presentation

Crash Investigation and Black Spot Assessment

By

Ravishankar RajaramanTechnical Director, JP Research India Pvt. Ltd.Chairman, RASSI Technical Committee

WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision ZeroBhubaneswar, 18-20 September 2016

Saving lives through accident research!

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JPRI Crash Investigation Methodology

19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero2


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Lack of reliable crash data19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero3


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Changing the way India looks at crashesScientific basis required.

Purpose should not be limited to which driver is responsible for the crash.

Determination of all possible contributing factors leading to the crash and the consequential injuries.19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero4

Saving lives through accident research!Example caseCrash location: IntersectionCrash time: 01:15 hrsOne occupant of car fatal.The occupant was entrapped and evacuation took hours.

TRUCKCAR19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero5Courtesy: Google Earth

Saving lives through accident research!Crash Scene Examination Travel direction of tipper

Car19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero6

Identification and marking of vehicle trajectories (skid/brake marks), point of impact and final resting positions.

Taking pictures and measurements.


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Crash Scene Diagram (to scale)


Saving lives through accident research!Crash Vehicle Examination19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero8

Saving lives through accident research!CCTV Footage19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero9

Courtesy: Ahmedabad City Police

Saving lives through accident research!Speed Estimation Tipper

Time - 1:45:705 (m:ss:ms)Time - 1:47:278 (m:ss:ms)Distance : 17.4m for tipper19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero10

Saving lives through accident research!Speed Estimation Car

Time - 1:45:685 (m:ss:ms)Time - 1:47:269 (m:ss:ms)Distance : 9m for car


Saving lives through accident research!Speed CalculationsVelocities to be foundValuesResults (kmph)Tipper average speed (kmph) V = distance / time (m/s) x 3.6d = 17.4 m t = 1.573 s40Car average speed (kmph)V = distance / time (m/s) x 3.6d = 9 mt = 1.825 s18


Saving lives through accident research!Accident View

Tipper driver view19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero13Reconstruction: PC Crash Simulation

Driver vision obstruction due to median plantation and structures.

Low sight distance resulted in late reaction by tipper driver.

Saving lives through accident research!Contributing factors for this crashOverloaded tipperCar driver did not wait to check before crossingCar occupant entrapmentCar occupant evacuation timeVision obstruction because of median plantation

Is there a more systematic way to identify these factors?Haddon Matrix.19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero14

Saving lives through accident research!Haddon MatrixCreated by Dr. William Haddon Jr. A physician and doctor.Widely considered to be the father of modern injury epidemiology.Haddon Matrix was developed in the late 1950s.19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero15

Dr. William Haddon Jr. Source: www.icadts.org

Saving lives through accident research!The Haddon Matrix: 3 FactorsSpecifying and examining the 3 factors19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero16HUMANVEHICLEINFRASTRUCTURE/ ENVIRONMENT

Saving lives through accident research!The Haddon Matrix: 3 PhasesIn a timeline of 3 phases of a traffic accident:

Pre-crash: Prevention of crash

Crash: Prevention/reduction of injury

Post-crash: Life-sustaining


Saving lives through accident research!The Haddon Matrix: 3 x 319 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero18

PHASESFACTORS

Saving lives through accident research!The Haddon Matrix19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero19FACTORSPHASEHUMANVEHICLEINFRASTRUCTUREPRE-CRASHCrash PreventionInformationAttitudesImpairmentPolice enforcementRoadworthinessWorking lightsGood brakesHandlingSpeed controlRoad design and layoutSpeed limitsPedestrian FacilitiesCRASHInjury prevention during the crashUse of safety systemsOccupant restraintsOther Safety devicesCrash protective designCrash protective roadside objectsPOST-CRASHLife SustainingFirst-aid skillAccess to medicsEase of accessFire riskRescue facilitiesCongestion

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Saving lives through accident research!Apply Haddon Matrix to tipper-car crash19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero20FACTORSPHASEHUMANVEHICLEINFRASTRUCTUREPRE-CRASHCrash PreventionInformationAttitudesImpairmentPolice enforcementRoadworthinessWorking lightsGood brakesHandlingSpeed controlRoad design and layoutSpeed limitsPedestrian FacilitiesCRASHInjury prevention during the crashUse of safety systemsOccupant restraintsOther Safety devicesCrash protective designCrash protective roadside objectsPOST-CRASHLife SustainingFirst-aid skillAccess to medicsEase of accessFire riskRescue facilitiesCongestion

Car - Violation of right of way

Truck - OverloadingCar - Passenger compartment intrusionVision obstruction due to median plantationCar Occupant EntrapmentCar Occupant Evacuation

Saving lives through accident research!JPRI-EMBARQ India Crash Data Collection Forms3-4 page form and coding manual for in-depth data collection 19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero21

Saving lives through accident research!Analysis: Fatal Pedestrian Accidents in Kolkata City


Infrastructure has 100% influence on the occurrence of fatal pedestrian accidents

Poor Pedestrian InfrastructureSource: Kolkata city fatal accident study report 2014 - 2015

Saving lives through accident research!Contributing factors for fatal pedestrian accidentsHuman (81%)Vehicle (100%)Infrastructure (100%)Speeding more than 30Kmph (77%)Pedestrian knocked down to the ground (66%)Poor pedestrian infrastructure crossing (72%)Driver inattention / Distraction (8%)Pedestrian run over (34%)Poor pedestrian infrastructure walking alongside (28%)NoneVision obstruction due to vehicle interiors (8%)None

19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero23Source: Kolkata city fatal accident study report 2014 - 2015

Saving lives through accident research!Black spots19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero24

GPS Coordinates of 316 fatal accidents from Nov 2014 to Nov 2015.

No 2 fatal accidents occurred at the same location.

Fatal accidents are widely spread around Kolkata city.


Infrastructure factors leading to fatal pedestrian crossing accidents72% of fatal pedestrian accident occurs when pedestrians are trying to cross the road. 76% of fatal pedestrian crossing accident occurs at or near junctions.

19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero25Source: Kolkata city fatal accident study report 2014 - 2015

Saving lives through accident research!Example fatal pedestrian crossing accidentCrossing distance >10 m19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero26

Source: Kolkata Traffic Police

Saving lives through accident research!Infrastructure factors leading to fatal pedestrian walking alongside accidents28% of fatal pedestrian accidents occur when pedestrians are walking alongside the road.19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero27

Source: Kolkata city fatal accident study report 2014 - 2015

Saving lives through accident research!Black spot assessment on Mum Pune EwayZero Fatality Corridor Project



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Making Overhead Bridge Pillars Forgiving19 September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero29


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ASSESS ROAD SAFETY USING CRASH DATA


Saving lives through accident research!SummaryOn-site crash investigations required for reliable crash data.

Haddon Matrix needs to be applied for systematic determination of all contributing factors in a crash.

Contributing Infrastructure Factors identified can then be analysed for assessing black spot issues and providing suitable interventions.

Infrastructure design has a significant influence on road accidents.


Saving lives through accident research!Thank You

KOLKATA

PUNE

AHMEDABAD

[email protected] September, 2016WRI India Sustainable Cities - India Vision Zero32


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crash investigation and black spot assessment

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