creating the constitution - u.s. history: mr....
TRANSCRIPT
UNIT 3: FORMING A NEW NATION
CREATING THE CONSTITUTION
PREVIEW
• Todaywewilllistentomusic• Theclasswillchoosethechannel/sta3on
• Tomakethedecision-makingprocesseasier,theclasswilldivideinto13groups
• Eachgroupwillcomeupwithaproposalforachannel/sta3onandpresentittotheclass
PREVIEW
• Onegroupwillproposeasta3on
• All13groupswillgettovote
• Eachgroupwillhaveonevote• Tobechosen,asta3onmustreceive9votes
• Moveinto13groups
PREVIEW
• Yourgrouphastwominutestoprepareyourproposalwithreasonstosupportit
• Beginyourdiscussionnow!
PREVIEW
Itis3mefortheclasstochooseasta3on/channel!Followthesestepstomakethedecision:
• Onegroupproposesaradiosta3on• Theclassdiscussestheproposalfortwominutes• Thegroupsvoteontheproposal
• Iftheproposaldoesn’tpass,repeatthisprocess• Let’sbegin…Whichgroupwouldliketobefirsttopresenttheir
proposal?
PREVIEW
• Howdidyoufeelasyoutriedtoreachanagreement?• Whataretheweaknessesofthistypeofdecision-makingsystem?
• Whatarethebenefits?• WhatmightbeabeQerwaytohavetheclassmakeadecision?
PREVIEW
• UseaseparatesheetofpapertocreateaT-chart.• HowwasourclassroomexperiencesimilartotheUnitedStates
undertheAr3clesofConfedera3on?Let'sclickoneachrowtofind
out.Aseachrowisrevealed,copyitonyourownT-charts.
PREVIEW
ARTICLESOFCONFEDERATION CLASSROOMEXPERIENCECongresswascomposedof13states. Theclasswasdividedinto13groups.
PREVIEW
ARTICLESOFCONFEDERATION CLASSROOMEXPERIENCECongresswascomposedof13states. Theclasswasdividedinto13groups.Congressdealtwithmanyproblems,suchas Wetriedtochooseasta3ontolistentohowtodevelopthewesternlandsacquiredbytheUnitedStatesintheTreatyofParis.
PREVIEW
ARTICLESOFCONFEDERATION CLASSROOMEXPERIENCECongresswascomposedof13states. Theclasswasdividedinto13groups.Congressdealtwithmanyproblems,suchas Wetriedtochooseasta3ontolistentohowtodevelopthewesternlandsacquiredbytheUnitedStatesintheTreatyofParis.Congressfailedtoresolvedisputesbetween Theclassfailedtochooseasta3on.statesovertaxesandboundaries.
PREVIEW
ARTICLESOFCONFEDERATION CLASSROOMEXPERIENCECongresswascomposedof13states. Theclasswasdividedinto13groups.Congressdealtwithmanyproblems,suchas Wetriedtochooseasta3ontolistentohowtodevelopthewesternlandsacquiredbytheUnitedStatesintheTreatyofParis.Congressfailedtoresolvedisputesbetween Theclassfailedtochooseasta3on.statesovertaxesandboundaries. Manyci3zenswereconcernedthatthe Somestudentsbecamefrustrated.governmentwastooweak.
PREVIEW
• Theineffec3venessofthefederalgovernmentundertheAr3clesofConfedera3oncausedconcernamongmanyAmericans
• Inthesummerof1787,fiby-five
delegatesfrom12statesmetinPhiladelphiatorevisetheAr3cles
• Thedelegatesquicklyconcludedthat
therewasnohopefortheoldsystemofgovernmentandbeganworkingonaplanforanewone
PREVIEW
• Thedelegatesconfrontedseveralchallengingissuesastheyworkedoutthisnewplanforourgovernment
• Inthislesson,we’lllearnaboutthese
issuesandhowthedelegateshadtocompromiseinordertoresolvethem
• Theresultwasthecrea3onofourna3on's
Cons3tu3on
GEOGRAPHY CHALLENGE
• CompletetheGeographyChallenge:TheUnitedStates,1790
SECTION 8.1
Readp.145ofHistoryAlive!,Crea%ngtheCons%tu%onEssen3alques3on:WhatcompromisesemergedfromtheCons3tu3onalConven3on?Bepreparedtoanswerthefollowingques3ons:• WhatworriedJamesMadisonaboutthefutureoftheUnitedStates?
• WhydidmanymembersofCongressfearastrongcentralgovernment?• Whatweresomeofthepowersofthegovernment?• Whatweresomeofitslimita3ons?
SECTIONS 8.2—8.5
1. Form12groupsthis3me—delegatetagswillbeplacedondesk2. Readasec3onasagroup,thencompletethatsec3ontogetheron
yourhandout
3. Onceyourgrouphasfinished,moveontothenextsec3on
4. Donotgopastsec3on8.55. Forthereview,groupswillpresenttheirfindings(alsobeprepared
tosummarizethesec3onsinyourownwords)
SECTION 8.2 REVIEW
Groups,comeupandusethedoccamtodothreethings:1. Brieflysummarizethesec%onyouread2. Explainwhythisisrelevantorimportant3. Showanswersonthedoccamandreadthemoff
SECTION 8.2 REVIEW
1. WhatissuedidtheLandOrdinanceof1785address?
TheLandOrdinanceof1785addressedtheissueofhowtodividethewesternlands
acquiredbytheUnitedStatesintheTreatyofParis.
2.CompletethislistofrulesfortheNorthwestTerritory.• Whenaterritoryhas5,000freeadultmales,itcanelectitsownlegislature.• Whenthepopula%onreaches60,000,aterritorycanapplyforstatehood.• SeSlershavethesamerightsandprivilegesasotherci%zens.• Slaveryisbanned.
SECTION 8.3 REVIEW
CausesofShay’sRebellion• Congressdidn'thaveenoughgoldorsilvertomintcoins,whichcausedamoney
shortage.• Farmershaddifficultyearningenoughtopaytheirdebtsandtaxes.• Farmerswererequiredtoselltheirlandandlivestocktopaytheirdebts.
EffectsofShay’sRebellion• ManyAmericanssawthesethingsassignsthatthena3onwasfallingapart.• Congresscalledforaconven3ontorevisetheAr3clesofConfedera3on.• PeoplelikeMadisonconcludedthatana3onmadeupofmanygroupsneedsa
strongcentralgovernment.
SECTION 8.4 REVIEW
1.GeorgeWashington:Hepresidedovertheconven3onandmadesuretheruleswereenforced.JamesMadison:Hewasthebest-prepareddelegateandspokenumerous3mes.Hisinfluencewassogreatthathebecameknownasthe"FatheroftheCons3tu3on."Healsokeptthebestrecords.2.Adams,Hancock,andHenryfearedthatastrongerna3onalgovernmentwouldhurttherightsofthestates.3.Ifyouagree,thefocusmightbeonkeepingthepubliccalmorbeingabletospeakfreely.Ifyoudisagree,thefocusmightbeonbeingabletomonitortheproceedingsforfairness.
SECTION 8.4 REVIEW
4.Possibleanswers:Delegatesforstrongerna3onalgovernment:Governmentshouldprotect"life,liberty,andthepursuitofhappiness."Thegovernment'spowerscomefromthepeople.Thebestwaytoprotectrightsiswitharepublic.Delegatesforstrongerstategovernments:Astrongna3onalgovernmentcouldthreatenindividualliberty.Thestategovernmentsareclosertothepeople'scontrolandsoshouldhavemorepowerthanthena3onalgovernment.Sharedbeliefs:Thena3onalgovernmentshouldhavemorepowersoitcandoitsjobofprotec3ngthepeople'srights.UndertheAr3clesofConfedera3on,whichgivesmorepowertostates,thena3onisfallingapart.
SECTION 8.5 REVIEW
1.Ar%clesofConfedera%on:Thegovernment'spowertoruleshouldcomefromthestates.JamesMadison:Thegovernment'spowertoruleshouldcomefromthepeople.
SECTION 8.5 REVIEW
Howmanybranchesofgovernment?• VirginiaPlan:three• NewJerseyplan:threeHowwasthelegislatureorganized?• VirginiaPlan:twohouses:HouseofRepresenta3vesandSenate• NewJerseyplan:onehouseWhichstatesdidthisplanfavor?Why?• VirginiaPlan:Stateswithlargerpopula3ons;theywouldhavemore
representa3vesinbothhousesofCongress.• NewJerseyPlan:Stateswithsmallerpopula3ons;eachstatewouldgetanequal
numberofvotesinCongress.
ACTIVITY
Wewillnowexaminethefactorsthatledtothecrea3onofastrongercentralgovernmentundertheU.S.Cons3tu3on.Wewilldothisbyre-crea3ngakeydebatefromtheCons3tu3onal
Conven3on.
ACTIVITYInyourgroupsof12—thefollowingdelegatesarerepresented:1. NewHampshire-22. Virginia-33. Connec3cut-34. NewYork-35. NewJersey-36. Pennsylvania-37. Delaware-38. Maryland-39. MassachuseQs-310. NorthCarolina-211. SouthCarolina-212. Georgia-2*RhodeIslanddidnotsenddelegatestotheconven3on(deskwillbeempty)
ACTIVITY
• Passoutrolecards
ACTIVITY• Sitwiththestatedelega3ontowhichyouhavebeenassigned
ACTIVITY
Itisthehotands3ckysummerof1787andyouarethedelegatestotheCons3tu3onalConven3on.Someofyouareop3mis3caboutthedecisiontothrowouttheAr3clesofConfedera3onandothersareangeredbyit.Infact,RhodeIslandhasboycoQedthisconven3onbecauseitopposesastrongercentralgovernment.
ACTIVITY
Readyourrolecardcarefully.Duringtheconven3on,youareresponsiblefortakingonthepersonaofyourassigneddelegateandaccuratelyrepresen3nghisviews.
ACTIVITY
Createanametagforyourdelegate.Includethefollowinginforma%on:• Yourdelegate’snameinlargeleQers
• Yourdelegate’sstate
• Asimplevisualthatrepresentsanaspectofthedelegate’spersonalbackgroundandcharacter
ACTIVITY
• Passoutdelegatemasks• Cutoutthemaskanddecorateit
• Placeyourmaskoveryourfaceusingmaskingtape• Makesureyoucanbreathe,see,andspeakthroughthemask
ACTIVITY• GeneralWashingtonwaselectedpresidentoftheconven%onandwas
inchargeofthedailyproceedingsatthemee%ngs• IwillplaytheroleofGeorgeWashingtonduringtheconven%on
ACTIVITY• WhenGeneralWashingtoncallsyoutoorder,stopalldiscussionand
listencarefullytohisinstruc%ons• Ifyouwanttospeak,raiseyourhandandwaittobeacknowledgedby
GeneralWashingtonbeforeaddressingtheconven%on
ACTIVITY
• Thedelegatesgenerallygreetedeachotherwithformalphrases• Takeonthepersonaofyourdelegatebyreferringtoeachotherinthis
mannerduringtheconven%onandac%ngoutanyoftheirpersonalcharacteris%cs
ACTIVITY
• Its%metomeetyourfellowdelegates!Getoutofyourseatandcirculatethroughtheroom
• Introduceyourselfandgreetdelegatesfromotherstates• Returntoyourseats
ACTIVITY
Today,you,thedelegatesoftheCons3tu3onalConven3on,areworkingtoresolvethisissue:Howshouldstatesberepresentedinthenewgovernment?
ACTIVITY
Therearethethreemainproposalsbeingofferedtoresolvethisissue:
ACTIVITY
Readyourrolecardtolearnaboutyourdelegate’sviewsontheissueofhowstatesshouldberepresentedinthenewgovernment.YouwilldefendthisviewandtrytoconvinceotherdelegatestojoinyoursideduringtheCons3tu3onalConven3on.Youmustaccuratelyportrayyourdelegate’sview.Ifyourproposalischosen,youwillreceivesomecandy.Sorepresentyourdelegate‘sviewfaithfully!
ACTIVITY
• Delegateswillnowprepareforthedebate.• Gotothecorneroftheroomwhereotherdelegateswhoagreewithyourproposalaremee3ng(viewsonrolecard).Ifyouagreewithmorethanoneproposal,chooseonecorner.
• Youhave5minutestominglewithlike-mindeddelegatesinyour
cornertoquicklydiscusswaystodefendyourproposal.
ACTIVITY
ACTIVITY
• 5minutesisup!• Returntoyourstatedelega3ons.
• Eachstatewillnowchooseaproposal.Eachstatedelega3onwillgettocastonevote.
• ALLofthedelegatesineachgroupmustagreeonaproposalorthedelega3onwillnotbeallowedtocastitsvote.
ACTIVITY
• Inyourstate’sdelega3on,decidewhichproposalyouwillsupportduringthedebateandprepareargumentsinfavorofit.
• Remembertoaccuratelyrepresentyourdelegate’sviewonthe
issue.
ACTIVITY
GiveyouraQen3ontoGeneralWashington-Itis3metomakeadecisiononhowstatesshouldberepresentedinthenewgovernment!Followthestepsshownhereforeachproposal:
ACTIVITY
Wearedeadlocked!Sincenoneofthesethreeproposalshavepassedwemustcomeupwithacompromiseorourna3onwillfail!Ifacompromiseisnotreachedwithin10minutes,eachstudentwill
lose5pointsonthisassignment.
Forthenextfewminutes,meetinyourstatedelega3onsandcreateacompromisetoproposetotheconven3on.Makesureyourcompromisewillsa3sfyallthestates.
YouraSen%ontoGeneralWashingtonplease!Letustryagaintomakeadecisiononhowstatesshouldberepresented.Thereareonlyafewmoreminutestofindacompromisebeforeeveryonewilllose5points!
Usethestepsshownhereforeachproposalofacompromise:
YouraSen%ontoGeneralWashingtonplease!
Diditpass?Ifyouwereabletoreachacompromise—congratula%ons!
Nowlet’sfindoutwhatreallyhappenedbackinthesummerof1789
SECTIONS 8.6—8.10
1. Readsec3on8.6-8.10beginningonp.152
2. FilloutSec3ons6-10ofyour
handout
SECTION 8.6 REVIEW
1. WhocreatedtheplanknownastheGreatCompromise?
RogerSherman
SECTION 8.6 REVIEW
2. AccordingtotheGreatCompromise,howarethestatesrepresentedineachhouseofCongress?
InHouse:Thenumberofrepresenta%vesfromeachstate
dependsonpopula%on.Thisfavorsthepeople.
InSenate:Eachstatehastwosenatorselectedbythestate'slegislature.Thisfavorsthestates.
SECTION 8.7 REVIEW1. Possibleanswer:
DelegatefromtheNorth:"Youtreatslavesasproperty.Theyshouldbecountedonlyaspropertyandnotforrepresenta%on."
DelegatefromtheSouth:"Slavesshouldbecountedthesamewayaseveryotherpersoniscounted."
2.Possibleanswer:
DelegatefromtheNorth:"Manystateshavepassedlawsagainstslavery,andsomeNorthernersareinvolvedinac%vi%estoendslavery."
DelegatefromtheSouth:"TheSouthisnotreadytoabolishslavery.Oureconomyistoodependentuponit."
SECTION 8.8 REVIEW
1. Sketcheswillvary.Slaveswerecountedasthreefifhsofapersonwhendeterminingastate'spopula%on.
2. Congresscouldnottaxexportstoothercountries.Itcouldnotinterferewiththeslavetradefor20years.Thefugi%veslaveclauserequiredthatescapedslaveshadtobereturnedtotheirownersevenifcapturedinafreestate.
SECTION 8.9 REVIEW
1. Possibleanswer:
Oneexecu%ve:Asingleexecu%vecangiveclear,%melyleadership.
Three-memberexecu%ve:Threeexecu%vescanprotectagainstoneexecu%veabusinghispower.
2.Congressappointsthepresident.Thepeopleelectthepresident.Aspeciallychosengroupofelectorsfromeachstateelectsthepresident.Opinionsaboutthebestproposalwillvary.
SECTION 8.10 REVIEW1. Eachstatehasasmanyelectorsasthenumberofrepresenta%vesitsendsto
Congress.
2. •Originally,statelegislatureschosetheelectorsintheElectoralCollege.Today,thepeoplechoosetheirstate'selectors.
•Originally,thecandidatereceivingthemostvotesbecamepresident,andtherunner-upbecamevice-president.Today,thepresidentandvicepresidentrunandareelectedtogether.
•Originally,votersknewliSleaboutcandidatesoutsidetheirownstates.Today,instantcommunica%onhaschangedtheamountofknowledgewecanaccessaboutcandidates.
ACTIVITY
Todayisthelastdayoftheconven3onanditis3metosigntheCons3tu3on
ReadyourrolecardtoseeifyourdelegatesignedtheCons3tu3on.Ifyourdelegatedidnotsign,bepreparedtoexplainwhy.
ACTIVITY
Nowit’s3metosigntheCons3tu3on.WhenGeneralWashingtoncallsonyourstate,comeforwardandsigntheCons3tu3onbytracingoveryourdelegate’ssignature.IfyourefusetosigntheCons3tu3on,explainthereasontotheclass.Then,standatthebackoftheclassroomandscornfullywatchastherestofthedelegatessign.
ACTIVITY DISCUSSION
• HowdiditfeeltoactasadelegatetotheCons3tu3onalConven3on?• WhatwasthemostchallengingpartofbeingadelegatetotheCons3tu3onal
Conven3on?Whatwasthemostrewardingpart?• Whatissuesdidthedelegateshavetoresolveattheconven3on?Howdidthey
resolvethem?• Whywasitimportantforthedelegatestobeabletocompromiseoncertainissues?• WhatcompromisesemergedfromtheCons3tu3onalConven3on?• Inwhatwaysdoyouthinkyourexperiencewasdifferentfromthatoftheactual
delegates?Inwhatwaysdoyouthinkyourexperiencewassimilar?
SECTIONS 8.11—8.12
1. Readsec3ons8.11–8.12beginningonp.157
2. FilloutSec3ons11&12ofyour
handout
SECTIONS 8.11 REVIEW
Franklin:"Yes.EventhoughIdon’tlikeeverythingaboutthisplan,itisasclosetoperfectaswewillget."
Mason:"No.Itgivestoomuchpowertothena3onalgovernment."
Gerry:"No.Itdoesnotprotecttherightsofthepeople."
SECTIONS 8.12 REVIEW
Insupportofra%fica%on:Weneedastrongcentralgovernmentthatcanuniteourquarrelingstates.UndertheAr3clesofConfedera3on,wehadaweakcentralgovernmentandthena3onwasfallingapart.Thispowerfulgovernmentwillnotbeabletotakeawaytherightsofthepeopleassomefearitmight.Thepowersarelimitedanddividedamongthreebranchesofpower.Thisistheonlywaytoensurethesurvivalofouryoungcountry.Wemustgiveitstrength!
SECTIONS 8.12 REVIEW
Opposingra%fica%on:TheCons3tu3onisahorribleplanforgovernment.Congresswillruinourna3onwithtaxes,justlikeParliamenttriedtodotwodecadesago.Thepresidentwillrulelikeaking,andtheSupremeCourtwillswallowupthepowerofourstatecourts.Worstofall,thisplandoesnotprotectourindividualliber3es!TheCons3tu3onwilldonothingbuttakepowerfromourstategovernmentsanditspeople.Itmustnotbera3fied.
CHAPTER ASSESSMENT
CreateaposterthatwouldhavebeenusedtoencourageAmericanstosupportra3fica3onoftheCons3tu3on.Formgroupsof2-3anduseposterpaper.
Refertotheac3vitydocforrequirementsandguidelines.