Understand theory and applications of 3D

Creative Media - Game

Where in todays world do we see 3d models

Why are they created

How do you think geometric theory works within applications of 3d

Starter

Learning Intentions:Understand the theory of the applications of 3d modellingKnow the different elements of geometric theory and be able to identify these within examplesLearning Outcomes: ALL – Level 2Be able to describe the different elements of gemtric theory within 3d applications P1 MOST – Level 3Be able to explain the different elements of geometric theory within 3d application refuring to detailed examples M1 SOME – Level 4Be able to explain in full the different elements of geometric theory within 3d applications referring to well thought out detailed exmaplesD1

Learning intentions/outcomes

animationsTVFilmGamesArchitectural walk-through

Applications of 3D

• Vertices• Lines• Curves• Edge• Polygons• Element• Face• Primitives• meshes, eg wireframe• coordinate geometry (two-dimensional, three-dimensional) • surfaces

Geometric Theory

Vertices are points that can describe corners and intersections of geometric (3D) shapes, for instance in 3d modelling programs the vertices can be modified to alter the shape of the model. They can be added to a model when editing a mesh to change the feel and smoothness of the model, or they can add additional parts into the model.

Vertices are points in space which make up the shape of your object. They can be moved using the transform gizmos which will give your object a different shape. You can also make the size of your vertices bigger by going to customize, preferences and viewports to make the vertices easier to see.Vertices are the series of co-ordinate points that represent a shape in a 3D object. A vertex is used to define a shape, bend or curve.A models vertex can be moved to change its shape. Vertex’s can be added to create a more detailed model, making the general shape smoother and more defined.The Images bellow show how simply moving vertices can change the shape and look of an object.

Vertices

Lines and splines come in different ways, as they can altered in the modify panel to create a straight, curved or smoothed line/spline.To create a line you would have to go to splines and line, but before you create your spline there are some different methods you could use for your line for example whether to have a curved or smooth line you can do this by going to creation method and initial and drag type. You can also make your spline smooth when its created by right clicking on the object and going to smooth or any other options.

Lines

Curves are the options that can be used when using a vertex which are Bezier Corner, Bezier, Corner and Smooth these are also used mainly with splines. Bezier Corner is where you can get the shape to give an accurate corner by smoothing it out and using the bezier handles to position the spline accuratley.Curve modeling - Surfaces are defined by curves, which are influenced by weighted control points. The curve follows (but does not necessarily interpolate) the points. Increasing the weight for a point will pull the curve closer to that point. Curve types include Nonuniform rational B-spline (NURBS), Splines, Patches and geometric primitives

Curves

Edge is the line in beetween two vertex’s, which is controlled by the vertexs either side. The edge can also be modified using the Curves.An edge is the segment that connects two Vertices together. Edges and vertices are the key parts in creating the structure of a model.Just like Vertices an edge can be moved and scaled to adjust the height and shape of a model.The basic object used in mesh modeling is a vertex, a point in three dimensional space. Two vertices connected by a straight line become an edge. Three vertices, connected to the each other by three edges, define a triangle, which is the simplest polygon in Euclidean space.

Edge

Polygons are traditionally a plane figure that is bound by a closed path or a circuit. It is composed of a finite sequence of straight line segments that are called its edges or its sides, and the points where the edges meet are the vertices or corners. However, in 3D software, we would call these the vertices. The complete polygon is called the body, or the element, and in 3D programs it is also possible to modify the faces, and the vertices, edges, faces element and something called a border can all be modified on a polygon to create the shapes and models that you would like.A polygon is something that lets you transform your object in different ways by right clicking on your object and going to Convert to editable poly. After this you can transfrom your shape in different ways like selecting different segments and extruding the sections.

Polygon

The element of a 3D creation can be selected when converted to an editable poly, the elements are the original individual shapes in the creation. When selected the elements can be separated if they’re attached or grouped, this can then enable you to move or place them in a different way, but then when you go out of the element the objects become attached together again.The element tool is used to seperate objects when they are attached or grouped together so that they can be moved or placed in a different way, but then when you go out of the element the objects become attached together again.

Element

A face is any flat part of a creation, such as the 2d shapes. For instance a cube is made up of four square faces.When a polygon has three vertices it is known as a Face. The more Faces an object has the more detailed that object is. The file size of an object will increase with more the faces it gains.Modeling requires easy traversal of all structures. With face-vertex meshes it is easy to find the vertices of a face. Also, the vertex list contains a list of faces connected to each vertex. Unlike VV meshes, both faces and vertices are explicit, so locating neighboring faces and vertices is constant time. However, the edges are implicit, so a search is still needed to find all the faces surrounding a given face. Other dynamic operations, such as splitting or merging a face, are also difficult with face-vertex meshes.

Face

A polygon mesh or unstructured grid is a collection of vertices, edges and faces that defines the shape of a polyhedral object in 3D computer graphics and solid modeling. The faces usually consist of triangles, quadrilaterals or other simple convex polygons, since this simplifies rendering, but may also be composed of more general concave polygons, or polygons with holes.A wire frame model is a visual presentation of a three dimensional or physical object used in 3D computer graphics. It is created by specifying each edge of the physical object where two mathematically continuous smooth surfaces meet, or by connecting an object's constituent vertices using straight lines or curves. The object is projected onto the computer screen by drawing lines at the location of each edge.The term wireframe comes from designers using metal wire to represent the 3 dimensional shape of solid objects.3D wireframe allows to construct and manipulate solids and solid surfaces.3D solid modeling technique efficiently draws high quality representation of solids than the conventional line drawing.

Mesh

The Cartesian coordinate system was created to show the illusion of working in 3D and was created by Rene Descartes, who was a natural philosopher who was around in the 1600′s. The system works by having the normall 2 dimensional axis X and Y, and having an extra Z axis which gives the 3d illusion.When working with a three dimensional software, we are making a 3D illusional interpretation of something in a flat 2D screen and so every 3D software such as 3Ds Max, Blender, Maya and any other software has a Catesian coordinate system to represent a geometry in 3D space. Cartesian Coordinate is also used mathematics as well.Rene Discartes was a French mathematician who developed the Cartesian Coordinate system (1637). He did it because he wanted to merge Algebra and Euclidean Geometry together. His work was an important role in mathematics in the development of analytic geometry, calculus and cartography.2D and 3D Cartesian Coordinate system:As usual in maths, when working with a 2D Cartesian Coordinate there are two axis, X (across the axis) and Y (which goes down) and when the two meet together, it is called a origin.When using a 3D Cartesian coordinate system (you can find 3D catesian coordinates in 3D softwares like 3DS Max) is that it consists of three axis which is X,Y and Z

coordinate geometry

surface, In geometry, a two-dimensional collection of points (flat surface), a three-dimensional collection of points whose cross section is a curve (curved surface), or the boundary of any three-dimensional solid. In general, a surface is a continuous boundary dividing a three-dimensional space into two regions. For example, the surface of a sphere separates the interior from the exterior; a horizontal plane separates the half-plane above it from the half-plane below.

A subdivision surface, in the field of 3D computer graphics, is a method of representing a smooth surface via the specification of a coarser piecewise linear polygon mesh. The smooth surface can be calculated from the coarse mesh as the limit of a recursive process of subdividing each polygonal face into smaller faces that better approximate the smooth surface.

Surfaces