CREATIVE THINKING 創意思考

DITL.NTUST唐玄輝

My Experience

• 1995-1997交通大學應用藝術研究所碩士

• 1998-2002 澳洲雪梨大學建築學院KCDCC博士• 2002-2007 長庚大學工設所

交大建築所兼任助理教授明志科大兼任助理教授

• 2007 NTUST• 2007 NTUST

My Creativity Resource I

My Creativity Resource II

• PlaceMany visiting professors

• Inspiration Spot• Inspiration SpotBadmanner Cofe’

• CollaboratorRob Saunders http://people.arch.usyd.edu.au/~robp p p y

• SupervisorVi iVisionDirection

有趣或是有創意

Creative product

Creative Person

Creative Process

Defining Creativity

• 創造力是多元組成、聯結新舊、綜合能力的整合論述。

1967 Guilford's Structure of Intellect Cube1967 Guilford s Structure of Intellect Cube擴散性思考的五種內容、六種產物、四種操作

Defining Creativity II

• Personal definitions of creativityPersonal definitions of creativity• Processes, Personality, Products

• Socio-cultural definitions of creativityindividual field domain• individual, field, domain

• Objective definitions of creativityj y• The creation of original and useful work

Key characteristics: novelty and value• Key characteristics: novelty and value

Recap

• Creativity EnvironmentPlaceCollaboratorSupervisor

Type of CreativityType of CreativityProductPersonPersonProcess

Research Approaches

• Psychometric • Experimental • Biographical • Biological• Biological • Contextual • Computational

Visual Exercise

Psychometric Approach

• Oldest approach • Creativity is a measurable mental trait • Divergent thinking • Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking• Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking

Originality(獨創性)：變化Fluency(流暢性)：數量Flexibility(變通性)：差異Flexibility(變通性)：差異Elaboration(精進力)：細節

IQ Versus Creativity

• Disagreement • Not correlated with IQ above 120 • Highly intelligent individuals not necessarily

highly creativeg y

The Creative Personality

• Aware of being creative • Imaginative• Imaginative • Independent • Risk takingRisk taking • High levels of personal energy • Curiosityy• Attracted to complexity and novelty • Aesthetic sense • Open-minded • Need for privacy • Tolerance for ambiguity • Persistent

Experimental Approach

• Cognitive psychology 3H3O problem

Th ht i l d i l i ti it• Thought processes involved in solving creativity problems

• Creativity viewed as cognitive processing (and therefore normative)therefore normative)

• Focus on components involved in creative pthinking tasks

Geneplore Model (Finke, Ward, and Smith, 1992)

Generation of Preinventive

Structure

Preinventive Exploration

and InterpretationStructure and Interpretation

ProductProductConstraints

The novelty of design situation: a single geneplore cycleThe novelty of design situatedness: multiple geneplore cyclesThe novelty of design situatedness: multiple geneplore cycles

Generation vs Exploration

Biographical Approach

• Life histories of creative people • Focus on identifying the developmental

experiences personality traits environmentalexperiences, personality traits, environmental factors that contribute to exceptional creative achievement

Creative Mind

• 創造心靈七位大師的創造力剖析

• 七個人都來自同一時代，受到西歐文明的影響• 愛因斯坦與佛洛伊德都是科學的代表，畢卡索是一位視覺空間大師，史特拉汶斯基是音樂創作者，艾略特是語言的操控者，葛蘭姆是肢體語言智慧的創作者，甘地則為政治家與宗教領袖的創作者 甘地則為政治家與宗教領袖

Creativity Factors

• Birth order • Intellectual precocity • Childhood trauma • Family background• Family background • Education/training g• Role models

Developmental Cycle

• 10 years to master your domain • Breakthroughs every 10 years • Fit between the person and domain

Biological Approaches

• Assumes psychological (心理的) traits have a biological (生物的) basis

• Looks at physiological differences between• Looks at physiological differences between creative and less creative people

• Biometric & neurometricTh Eff t f P iti d N ti M d• The Effects of Positive and Negative Mood on Divergent-Thinking Performance

• DNA, Brain Activities

Findings

• Creative people has used a variety of bizarre methods that they believe have helped them to be more creative (these methods do not includebe more creative (these methods do not include self-control)

f• High states of arousal inhibit creative thinking • Alternating need for solitude and stimulationAlternating need for solitude and stimulation • Music, marijuana, hypnotic states increases

creativity

Exercise

• Brainstorming how to enhancing creativity in the• Brainstorming how to enhancing creativity in the classroom

How to Proceed Brainstorming

• Defer judgment• One conversation at a time• Encourage wild ideas• Go for quantity• Go for quantity• Write and Draw

Enhancing Creativity in the Classroom

Establish purpose and intent E i iti f d i ifi k l dEncourage acquisition of domain-specific knowledge Stimulate & reward curiosity and explorationBuild internal motivation (perceived locus of control)Build internal motivation (perceived locus of control) Encourage confidence and a willingness to take risksProvide opportunities for choice and discoveryProvide opportunities for choice and discovery Develop self-management skills Teach by exampleTeach by exampleTeach techniques and strategies for facilitating creative performance Focus on mastery and self-competition Promote supportable beliefs about creativity

Contextual Research Approach

• Organizational CreativityExpertise (technical, procedural & intellectual knowledge),knowledge), Creative thinking skills (how flexibly and imaginatively people approach problems)people approach problems), Motivation (especially intrinsic motivation).

• The Deep Dive• The Deep Dive

Referential Context

• Boden (1990) P-creativity and H-creativity• Big C and small c

CSIKSZENTMIHALYI’S SYSTEMS VIEW

• IndividualCULTURE

• Generates ideas.

• FieldDomain

• Field• Evaluates ideas.

InformationRecognition

• DomainInforms individuals

Field IndividualFeedback

Ideas

• Informs individuals.SOCIETY

GENES &HISTORY

LIU’S DUAL GENERATE–AND–TEST MODEL

Computational Approach

• Using computational programs to mimic human creativity

• Next Artificial CreativityS-creativity in the design processS creativity in the design processUsing Chinese poem to stimulate creativityTeam members and creativityTeam members and creativity

Exercise

• Brainstorming again• How to build a water pool in NTUST for the size• How to build a water pool in NTUST for the size

of 3m X 1m X 0.3m

Recommended Books

• Mihaly Csiksentmihalyi• Howard Gardner• Robert Stenberg