Credit Market Update

Credit Strategy Research

July 2020

Brad Rogoff, CFAHead of Credit Research & Strategy + 1 212 412 7921 bradley.rogoff@barclays.comBCI, US

This document is intended for institutional investors and is not subject to all of the independence and disclosure standards applicable to debt research reports prepared for retail investors under U.S. FINRA Rule 2242. Barclays trades the securities covered in this report for its own account and on a discretionary basis on behalf of certain clients. Such trading interests may be contrary to the recommendations offered in this report.

PLEASE SEE ANALYST CERTIFICATIONS AND IMPORTANT DISCLOSURES BEGINNING AFTER PAGE 17.

1

-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0

Jun-

09

Jun-

20

Sep-

09

Dec-

01

Mar

-09

HY Cash

Credit rebounded significantly in the second quarter as a reversal in flows helped erase much of the negative returns from first quarter

2

Second Best Quarterly Spread Perf.* HY Erased Most of YTD Losses

Robust Fund Flows Doubling the 2019 Pace

Note: * Since 2005. Source for all charts: Bloomberg, EPFR, Barclays Research

bp

-20.0-10.0

0.010.020.030.040.050.0

USDCorp

USD HY USDGovt

EURCorp

USDAgg

EURGovt

EUR HY EURAgg

EMUSD

Credit

USLoans

Cumu. Flow ($bn)

YTD YTD 2019

85

Fallen Angel vs Rising Star Volume

020406080

100120140160180

'04 '05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 '11 '12 '13 '14 '15 '16 '17 '18 '19 '20

Par ($bn)

Fallen Angel Rising Star

YTD-25%

-20%

-15%

-10%

-5%

0%

5%

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun

YTD Total Return (%)

Record supply has been very well received as investors have shown an especially strong appetite for secured bonds

3

*: Price talk rating score is a qualitative measure to gauge where the bond was finally syndicated versus initial price talk. Price talk rating is a numeric scale, where 1=thru, 2=tight, 3=mid, 4=wide and 5=out versus the IPT. For more detail, see “Lessons from Other Low-90s Price Periods,” June 12, 2020. Source for all charts: Bloomberg, S&P LCD, Barclays Research

Notable Pickup of GCP in Use of Proceeds Pace of HY Bond Issuance at Highs

Secured Bonds Make up 19% of HY Index

0

50

100

150

200

250

'06 '07 '08 '09 '10 '11 '12 '13 '14 '15 '16 '17 '18 '19 '20

1H $bn

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

2017

2018

2019

2020

YTD

Refi % of Overall HY SupplyGCP % of Overall HY Supply

-10%0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

Jan-17 Jan-18 Jan-19 Jan-20

Upsize RatioWeighted Price Talk Rating

Score*

Weighted Price Talk Rating Upsize Ratio

Wid

e/O

ut vs

IPT

Thru

/Tig

ht vs

IPT

Demand for HY Bond Has Been Strong

15%

16%

17%

18%

19%

20%

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1Q14

1Q15

1Q16

1Q17

1Q18

1Q19

1Q20

Secured Issuance ($ bn) % of HY Index (RHS)

Secured Bond Issuance ($bn) Secured as % of US HY Index

After shrinking for several years, the high yield market is growing again from new issue and fallen angels, which has improved the overall quality

4

Source for all charts: Lipper, Bloomberg, EPFR, Bloomberg Barclays Indices, Barclays Research, CEF Connect, HFR, Federal Reserve, SNL Financial, company fi lings

HY Now of Higher Quality Than Prior CrisesHY Market Size Has Rebounded

High Yield Ownership Breakdown

19-22%

21-24%

20-24%

20-24%

15-20%

14-19%

13-16%

13-16%

12-14%

11-13%

3-5%

4-6%

1-4%

2-4%

4-8%

3-6%

2018

2019

HY Mutual Funds and ETFs Pension Funds / Sep Accts Hedge Funds IG / Income FundsInsurance Portfolios Offshore Funds Global Funds Other

Unch+2.0% -1.0% Unch -1.0%

+1.0

%

-1.5

%

+0.5

%Change in Mid Point

36%42%

26%

46%40%

15%

53%

32%

15%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

BB B CCC or Worse

Pre-Financial Crisis Pre-Energy Crisis Current

Percent of Index (%)

500

700

900

1,100

1,300

1,500

'05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 '11 '12 '13 '14 '15 '16 '17 '18 '19 '20

Par ($bn)

HY leverage ticked up 0.2x in Q1 but could be up additional 0.8x in Q2 based on RTY EBITDA estimates, even before accounting for higher debt levels

5

For more detail, see “Leverage on the Rise,” June 5, 2020. Source for all charts: Bloomberg, CapIQ, Barclays Research

Interest Coverage Was HigherUS HY Leverage Increased to 5.6x in Q1

Q2 Lev. up Solely on Proj. EBITDA DeclineHigher Leverage as a Result of More Debt

5.9x 6.0x

5.4x

5.3x 5.4x 5.

6x

4.9x

4.6x

3.8x 4.

0x 4.2x

4.7x

5.7x

6.3x

5.8x

5.8x 6.

0x

5.7x

3.0x

4.0x

5.0x

6.0x

7.0x

'15 '16 '17 '18 '19 1Q20US HY BB B

Net Leverage

3.8x 3.9x 4.

2x 4.3x

4.0x 4.

4x

5.1x 5.2x

6.1x

5.7x

5.0x 5.

3x

3.9x

3.8x

3.6x

3.3x

3.8x 4.

0x

3.0x

4.0x

5.0x

6.0x

7.0x

'15 '16 '17 '18 '19 1Q20US HY BB B

Interest Coverage

5.4x

-0.2x

0.4x 0.1x 5.6x

4.0x

4.5x

5.0x

5.5x

6.0x

4Q19 Leverage EBITDA Total Debt Cash 1Q20 Leverage

Net Leverage

5.6x

6.4x

5.0x

5.5x

6.0x

6.5x

7.0x

1Q20 2Q20

Net Leverage

0.8x

Credit performance never hit the extremes of the financial crisis, but thus far HY has proved to be a good investment again at >800bp

6

*HY matched equities index composed of 225 tickers that accounted for approximately 55% of the HY cash index MV as of 12/31/18. Source for all charts: Bloomberg, Bloomberg Barclays Indices, Barclays Research

HY Now vs 2008 and Post-9/11 Wides

HY-SPX Correlation Has Broken Down

HY OAS vs Forward Returns

HY vs Matched Equities* Is More in Line

-40%

-20%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Fwd

12m

Tot

al R

etur

n

Current Spread (bp)

Historical data going back 20yrs

300400500600700800900

10001100

2230 2430 2630 2830 3030 3230

May-19 -> nowLast 20 business daysTue 07 Jul (3145, 589)Wed 08 Jul (3170, 589)

HY.OAS

SPX

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

55 65 75 85 95 105 115 125

May-19 -> nowLast 20 business daysTue 07 Jul (3145, 589)Wed 08 Jul (3170, 589)

HY.OAS

HY (Eqty)

626

456 64

3

1,20

9

1,10

0

865 1,

108

1,90

1

839

566 82

6

1,60

71,97

1

1,37

4

1,85

8

2,83

3

1,03

6

700

1,04

4

1,91

9

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

US HY BB B CCC

OAS (bp)

Current Mar Wides Energy Crisis Peak Financial Crisis Peak Post-9/11 and Dotcom Bubble

-150-100

-500

50100150200250

Jan-08 Jan-10 Jan-12 Jan-14 Jan-16 Jan-18 Jan-20

Basis (bp)

Cyclicals - Non Cyclicals Sector Basis (ex. Fin and Energy) 4wma

BBs tend to outperform in HY for extended periods when the market is under stress, but this time they have also underperformed BBBs

7

Source for all charts: Bloomberg, Barclays Research

Charting the Course of BB PerformanceBB Outperformance Started Last Quarter

BBs Greatly Outperformed in Recessions

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

87654321Quarters since Onset of a Recession

BB vs B BB vs CCC

Cumulative Total Return Delta

Quarter-end BB B CCC BB vs B BB vs CCC6/30/2020 11.54% 8.64% 9.10% 2.90% 2.44%3/31/2020 -10.15% -12.97% -20.55% 2.82% 10.40%

12/31/2019 2.45% 2.61% 3.74% -0.17% -1.29%9/30/2019 2.03% 1.65% -1.76% 0.38% 3.79%6/30/2019 3.08% 2.66% 0.29% 0.42% 2.79%3/31/2019 7.21% 7.21% 7.15% 0.00% 0.06%

12/31/2018 -2.91% -4.35% -9.28% 1.44% 6.37%9/30/2018 2.32% 2.29% 2.73% 0.03% -0.41%6/30/2018 -0.17% 1.42% 2.87% -1.59% -3.04%3/31/2018 -1.60% -0.55% 0.30% -1.05% -1.90%

12/31/2017 0.39% 0.36% 1.02% 0.03% -0.63%

Cyclicals Lagged Defensives in Mkt StressWith their basis in line with ‘15-’16, less

extreme vs GFC

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2.0

2.2

2.4

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

Jan-11 Jan-13 Jan-15 Jan-17 Jan-19

BB/BBB HY/IG

HY/IG HY/IG 3y Avg BB/BBB BB/BBB 3y Avg

HY/IG Spread Ratio Now at the Highs

Dispersion remains elevated in HY, including for BBs. Given the low yield environment, we find BBs trading above the index yield attractive

8

For more detail, see “Elevated Dispersion Dredges up Cheap BBs,” June 26, 2020. Source for all charts: Bloomberg, Barclays Research

More Yielding above and below Index

# of Bonds within 100bp of HY Idx Yld Is Low

BBs Remain below Regression-Imp. Level

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

'00 '02 '04 '06 '08 '10 '12 '14 '16 '18 '20

Percent of Bonds +/- 100bp YTW of US HY Index

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

'00 '02 '04 '06 '08 '10 '12 '14 '16 '18 '20Below Within 100bp Above

Percent of Bonds

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

0% 5% 10% 15% 20%

Since 2000 December 2019 March 2020 Current

Percent of BBs within 100bp YTW of BB Index

US HY BB YTW

Single-Name Dispersion Is Higher in HY

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

8.0

Dec-16 Dec-17 Dec-18 Dec-19IG Wkly Single-Name Exc Ret Dispersion (zscore, 4wma)HY Wkly Single-Name Exc Ret Dispersion (zscore, 4wma)

Weekly Single-Name Exc Ret Dispersion (Zscore)

HY performance has been weighed on by elevated default volumes, driven by the comm and energy sectors; lower recovery value is a potential risk

9

Source for all charts: Bloomberg, Moody’s, Barclays Research

Default Rate Has Picked Up

Trailing 12m Recovery ValueHigh Yield Distressed Rate (>1000bp)

Defaults Driven by Comm and Energy

$0.0

$10.0

$20.0

$30.0

$40.0

$50.0

$60.0

$70.0

May-15 May-16 May-17 May-18 May-19 May-20

Recovery per $100 par

US Sr Unsec Global Sr Unsec

05

10152025303540

Def. in US HY Index ($bn) Amt Defaulted in US HY Index since March 2020

FY2009

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

'06 '08 '10 '12 '14 '16 '18 '20Distressed Rate 2000-Present Average

Distressed Rate

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

'08 '09 '10 '11 '12 '13 '14 '15 '16 '17 '18 '19 '20Bond (Issuer-Weighted) Bond (Par-Weighted)Bond (Isssuer) Forecast Bond (Par) Forecast

Default Rate (%)

10-11%9-10%

Leveraged Loans and CLOs

10

Despite significantly lower supply, loans have underperformed high yield, especially for BBs

Source for all charts: S&P LSTA, Bloomberg, Bloomberg Barclays Indices, Barclays Research

Historical Loan vs High Yield Returns

Loan New Issue

Loan vs High Yield Ratings Breakdown

Size of US Loan Market

11

-

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

'00 '02 '04 '06 '08 '10 '12 '14 '16 '18 '20

Amt Out ($bn)

0

50

100

150

200

250

'05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 '11 '12 '13 '14 '15 '16 '17 '18 '19 '20

1H Supply ($bn)

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

Jan-20 Feb-20 Mar-20 Apr-20 May-20 Jun-20 Jul-20

Cumulative YTD Tot. Ret. (%)

BB Loans BB Bonds B Loans B Bonds

-6%

-4%

-2%

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

-10% -5% 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%

1997 - present (excluding 2008 and 2009) 2019 2020 YTD

S&P LSTA LLI Total Return (%)

US High Yield Total Return (%)

The deterioration in loan quality has accelerated with significant downgrades in 1H20 as the crisis peaked

12

Source for all charts: Bloomberg, S&P LCD, Barclays Research

Loan vs High Yield Ratings Breakdown Loan Market Ratings Evolution

Downgrade/Upgrade Ratio by Ratings Loan Maturity Wall

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

'08 '10 '12 '14 '16 '18 '20BBB- or Above BB+ BB BB- B+ B B- CCC to C D NR

Index by Facility Rating (MV)

9%6%6%8%

14%

25%

18%9%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

BBB or Above BB B CCC or BelowUS High Yield S&P LSTA LLI

Percent of Par

0x

5x

10x

15x

20x

25x

30x

Index BB Ratio B Ratio CCC Ratio1Q09 1Q16 1H20

Ratio of Downgrades to Upgrades 52x

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028

$bn

CLOs are the largest owner of the loan market, but issuance has been down substantially this year

13

Source for all charts: Lipper, Bloomberg, EPFR, Bloomberg Barclays Indices, Barclays Research, CEF Connect, HFR, Federal Reserve, SNL Financial, Company Filings, Intex, S&P LSTA

Loan Ownership Breakdown

58-62%

62-66%

16-20%

13-18%

15-17%

10-13%

2-4%

3-5%

1-3%

1-3%

0-2%

2-4%

2018

2019

CLOs & Warehouses (ex-Middle Market) Hedge Funds/TRS/Separate Accounts Loan Mutual Funds (Open, Closed, ETFs)Non-Loan Mutual Funds/BDCs Insurance (P&C & Life) Other (Banks, etc.)

+4.0%Change in Mid Point -2.5% -4.5%

+2.0

%

+1.0

%

Unc

h

CLO Annual IssuanceLoan Mutual Fund and ETF AUM

020406080

100120140160180

'13 '14 '15 '16 '17 '18 '19 '20Mutual Funds ETFs

AUM ($bn)

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020Broadly Syndicated Middle Market Refi Reset

$bn

The loan market came into this crisis with higher leverage and riskier lending practices than other parts of the credit market

14

Source for all charts: Bloomberg, Barclays Research, S&P LSTA, Covenant Review

Large Corp Loan New Issue LeverageLoan-Only Issuers

Issuance by Leverage New Issue Loan Terms

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

'08 '09 '10 '11 '12 '13 '14 '15 '16 '17 '18 '19<4.0x 4.0x-5.0x 5.0x-6.0x 6.0x-7.0x 7.0x or Higher

Percent of New Issues

4.3x 4.4x4.9x

3.8x4.0x 3.9x

4.4x 4.5x 4.7x4.9x

4.7x5.0x 5.0x

5.2x 5.3x

2.0x

2.5x

3.0x

3.5x

4.0x

4.5x

5.0x

5.5x

'05 '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 '11 '12 '13 '14 '15 '16 '17 '18 '19First Lien Second Lien Other Sr Leverage Sub Leverage

Net Leverage

2

3

4

5

Jul-18 Oct-18 Jan-19 Apr-19 Jul-19 Oct-19Final Initial

Less

Prot

ectiv

eM

ore P

rote

ctiv

e

Covenant Review Document Score

38%47%

55% 59% 59% 60% 60% 61%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Loan Only Issuers as Percent of Index

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%% Par

Loans HY

Sector breakdown of the loan market is more favorable than high yield when it comes to a potential pickup in defaults

15

Source for all charts: Bloomberg, S&P LCD, Barclays Research

Loan Distressed Ratio (<$80)Bond vs Loan Yields (Spot & Fwd Curve)

Change in Loan Sectors since 2006/07

-8%

-4%

0%

4%

8%

12%

Elec

troni

cs

Bus.

Eq.

& S

erv.

Insu

ranc

e

Indu

s. Eq

uip.

Drug

s

Build

ing

& De

v.

Utili

ties

Fore

st P

rod.

Auto

s

Publ

ishin

g

Change in Index Weight (% Par)

Sector Breakdown Loans vs HY

4%5%6%7%8%9%

10%11%12%

Jan-17 Jul-17 Jan-18 Jul-18 Jan-19 Jul-19 Jan-20 Jul-20

Loans YTM (Spot) Loans YTM (Libor Adj) US HY YTW

Yield (%)

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

'08 '10 '12 '14 '16 '18 '20Distressed Rate Issuer-Weighted Default Rate (RHS)

Distressed Rate (%) Default Rate (%)

We believe recoveries are likely to decline 10pts in the next cycle as higher leverage and add-backs are offset by greater enterprise value

16

Source for all charts: Bloomberg, Barclays Research, S&P, Covenant Review, Moody’s

New Issue Add-backs by TypeDefaults Rates vs Recoveries

Enterprise Value Multiples for Russell 2000 Average Add-backs by Transactions

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

'15 '16 '17 '18Transaction Costs RestructuringNonrecurring Operating Cost Savings/Synergies

Percent of Add-Back Amounts

Add-back/marketing EBITDA Add-back/reported

LBO 25.9% 49.1%

M&A 28.9% 48.1%

Average 27.6% 48.5%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

0% 2% 4% 6% 8% 10% 12% 14%

2001-Present Current

First Lien Loan Recovery Rate

Trailing Twelve Month Loan Issuer-Weighted Default Rate

5x

10x

15x

20x

25x

30x

35x

40x

'11 '12 '13 '14 '15 '16 '17 '18 '19 '20Tech Russell 2000 Index

EV/EBITDA Multiple

Leveraged finance revolvers typically contain a springing maintenance covenant even if the term loan is covenant-lite

17

Source for all charts: Moody’s S&P LCD, Covenant Review, Bloomberg, Barclays Research

Lev Loans are Mostly Cov-Lite

U.S Loan Covenant-Relief AmendmentsRevolver Springing Covenants

Recovery Differences Lead to Diff. in LGD

Debt Type Dec '89 -Dec '92

Jun '99 -Apr '04

Dec '08 -Aug '10

Post-Crisis*

Outside of the Default Cycles**

All Revolvers 88% 81% 90% 91% 88%

Term Loans 87% 71% 71% 63% 82%

Year Springing triggerNet first lien maintenance covenant

Net FL maintenance covenant headroom (sponsored only)

2017 32.34% 6.64 2.45

2018 33.46% 6.80 2.70

2019 34.64% 7.05 2.80

LTM 34.21% 7.07 2.87

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

'06 '07 '08 '09 '10 '11 '12 '13 '14 '15 '16 '17 '18 '19 '20

Cov-Heavy

Cov-Lite

-

10

20

30

40

50

Jan-19 Apr-19 Jul-19 Oct-19 Jan-20 Apr-20Pro rata Institutional

$bn

18

Analyst Certifications and Important DisclosuresAnalyst Certification(s)I, Brad Rogoff, hereby certify (1) that the views expressed in this research report accurately reflect my personal views about any or all of the subject securities or issuers referred to in this research report and (2) no part of my compensation was, is or will be directly or indirectly related to the specific recommendations or views expressed in this research report.

Important Disclosures:

BarclaysResearch is produced by the Investment Bankof BarclaysBankPLC and itsaffi l iates(collectively and each individually, "Barclays").

All authors contributing to this research report are Research Analysts unless otherwise indicated.The publication date at the top of the report reflects the local time where the report was produced andmay differ from the release date provided in GMT.

Av ailability of Disclosures:For current important disclosures regarding any issuers which are the subject of this research report please refer to https://publicresearch.barclays.com or alternatively send a written request to:BarclaysResearch Compliance, 745 Seventh Avenue, 13th Floor, New York, NY 10019 or call +1-212-526-1072.

Barclays Capital Inc. and/or one of its affiliates does and seeks to do business with companies covered in its research reports. As a result, investors should be aware that Barclays may have aconflict of interest that could affect the objectivity of this report. Barclays Capital Inc. and/or one of its affiliates regularly trades, generally deals as principal and generally provides liquidity (as marketmaker or otherwise) in the debt securities that are the subject of this research report (and related derivatives thereof). Barclays trading desks may have either a long and / or short position in suchsecurities, other financial instruments and / or derivatives, which may pose a conflict with the interests of investing customers. Where permitted and subject to appropriate information barrierrestrictions, Barclays fixed income research analysts regularly interact with its trading desk personnel regarding current market conditions and prices. Barclays fixed income research analysts receivecompensation based on various factors including, but not limited to, the quality of their work, the overall performance of the firm (including the profitabil ity of the Investment Banking Department), theprofitability and revenues of the Markets business and the potential interest of the firm's investing clients in research with respect to the asset class covered by the analyst. To the extent that anyhistorical pricing information was obtained from Barclays trading desks, the firm makes no representation that it is accurate or complete. All levels, prices and spreads are historical and do notnecessarily represent current market levels, prices or spreads, some or all of which may have changed since the publication of this document. Barclays Research Department produces various typesof research including, but not limited to, fundamental analysis, equity-linked analysis, quantitative analysis, and trade ideas. Recommendations and trade ideas contained in one type of BarclaysResearch may differ from those contained in other typesof BarclaysResearch, whether as a result of differing time horizons, methodologies, or otherwise.In order to access Barclays Statement regarding Research Dissemination Policies and Procedures, please refer to https://publicresearch.barcap.com/S/RD.htm. In order to access Barclays ResearchConflict Management Policy Statement, please refer to: https://publicresearch.barcap.com/S/CM.htm.

All pricing information is indicative only. Unless otherwise indicated, prices are sourced from Refinitiv and reflect the closing price in the relevant trading market, which may not be the last availableprice at the time of publication.

Explanation of the Barclays Research Corporate Credit Sector Rating SystemOv erweight (OW):For sectors rated against the Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Credit Index, the Bloomberg Barclays Pan-European Credit Index, the Bloomberg Barclays EM Asia USD High Grade Credit Index or theBloomberg BarclaysEM USD Corporate and Quasi-Sovereign Index, the analyst expectsthe six-month excess return of the sector to exceed the six-month excess return of the relevant index.For sectors rated against the Bloomberg Barclays U.S. High Yield 2% Issuer Capped Credit Index, the Bloomberg Barclays Pan-European High Yield 3% Issuer Capped Credit Index excludingFinancials, the Bloomberg Barclays Pan-European High Yield Finance Index or the Bloomberg Barclays EM Asia USD High Yield Corporate Credit Index, the analyst expects the six-month total returnof the sector to exceed the six-month total return of the relevant index.

Market Weight (MW):For sectors rated against the Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Credit Index, the Bloomberg Barclays Pan-European Credit Index, the Bloomberg Barclays EM Asia USD High Grade Credit Index or theBloomberg BarclaysEM USD Corporate and Quasi-Sovereign Index, the analyst expectsthe six-month excess return of the sector to be in line with the six-month excessreturn of the relevant index.

For sectors rated against the Bloomberg Barclays U.S. High Yield 2% Issuer Capped Credit Index, the Bloomberg Barclays Pan-European High Yield 3% Issuer Capped Credit Index excluding Financials, the Bloomberg Barclays Pan-European High Yield Finance Index or the Bloomberg Barclays EM Asia USD High Yield Corporate Credit Index, the analyst expects the six-month total return of the sector to be in l ine with the six-month total return of the relevant index.

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Important Disclosures (continued)Underweight (UW):For sectors rated against the Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Credit Index, the Bloomberg Barclays Pan-European Credit Index, the Bloomberg Barclays EM Asia USD High Grade Credit Index or theBloomberg BarclaysEM USD Corporate and Quasi-Sovereign Index, the analyst expectsthe six-month excess return of the sector to be less than the six-month excess return of the relevant index.For sectors rated against the Bloomberg Barclays U.S. High Yield 2% Issuer Capped Credit Index, the Bloomberg Barclays Pan-European High Yield 3% Issuer Capped Credit Index excludingFinancials, the Bloomberg Barclays Pan-European High Yield Finance Index or the Bloomberg Barclays EM Asia USD High Yield Corporate Credit Index, the analyst expects the six-month total returnof the sector to be less than the six-month total return of the relevant index.

Sector definitions:Sectors in U.S. High Grade Research are defined using the sector definitionsof the Bloomberg BarclaysU.S. Credit Index and are rated against the Bloomberg BarclaysU.S. Credit Index.

Sectors in U.S. High Yield Research are defined using the sector definitions of the Bloomberg Barclays U.S. High Yield 2% Issuer Capped Credit Index and are rated against the Bloomberg BarclaysU.S. High Yield 2% Issuer Capped Credit Index.

Sectors in European High Grade Research are defined using the sector definitions of the Bloomberg Barclays Pan-European Credit Index and are rated against the Bloomberg Barclays Pan-EuropeanCredit Index.Sectors in Industrials and Utilities in European High Yield Research are defined using the sector definitions of the Bloomberg Barclays Pan-European High Yield 3% Issuer Capped Credit Indexexcluding Financialsand are rated against the Bloomberg BarclaysPan-European High Yield 3% Issuer Capped Credit Index excluding Financials.

Sectors in Financials in European High Yield Research are defined using the sector definitions of the Bloomberg Barclays Pan-European High Yield Finance Index and are rated against the BloombergBarclaysPan-European High Yield Finance Index.

Sectors in Asia High Grade Research are defined on BarclaysLive and are rated against the Bloomberg BarclaysEM Asia USD High Grade Credit Index.

Sectors in Asia High Yield Research are defined on BarclaysLive and are rated against the Bloomberg BarclaysEM Asia USD High Yield Corporate Credit Index.

Sectors in EEMEA and Latin America Research are defined on Barclays Live and are rated against the Bloomberg Barclays EM USD Corporate and Quasi Sovereign Index. These sectors may containboth High Grade and High Yield issuers.To view sector definitionsand monthly sector returnsfor Asia, EEMEA and Latin America Research, go to https://l ive.barcap.com/go/research/EMSectorReturnson BarclaysLive.

Explanation of the Barclays Research Corporate Credit Rating SystemFor all High Grade issuers covered in the US, Europe or Asia, and for all issuers in Latin America and EEMEA, the credit rating system is based on the analyst's view of the expected excess return overa six-month period of the issuer's index-eligible corporate debtsecurities* relative to the expected excessreturn of the relevant sector, as specified on the report.

Ov erweight (OW): The analyst expectsthe six-month excess return of the issuer's index-eligible corporate debt securitiesto exceed the six-month expected excessreturn of the relevant sector.

Market Weight (MW): The analyst expects the six-month excess return of the issuer's index-eligible corporate debt securities to be in line with the six-month expected excess return of the relevantsector.Underweight (UW): The analyst expectsthe six-month excessreturn of the issuer's index-eligible corporate debt securitiesto be less than the six-month expected excessreturn of the relevant sector.

Rating Suspended (RS): The rating has been suspended temporarily due to market events that make coverage impracticable or to comply with applicable regulations and/or firm policies in certaincircumstancesincluding where the Investment Bankof BarclaysBankPLC is acting in an advisory capacity in a merger or strategic transaction involving the company.

Cov erage Suspended (CS): Coverage of this issuer has been temporarily suspended.

Not Cov ered (NC): Barclays’ fundamental credit research team does not provide formal, continuous coverage of this issuer and has not assigned a rating to the issuer or its debt securities. Anyanalysis, opinion or trade recommendation provided on a Not Covered issuer or its debt securities is valid only as of the publication date of this report and there should be no expectation that additionalreports relating to the Not Covered issuer or its debt securitieswill be published thereafter.

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Important Disclosures (continued)For all High Yield issuers (excluding those covered in EEMEA or Latin America), the credit rating system is based on the analyst's view of the expected total returns over a six-month period of therated debt security relative to the expected total return of the relevantsector, as specified on the report.

Ov erweight (OW): The analyst expectsthe six-month total return of the debt security subject to thisrating to exceed the six-month expected total return of the relevantsector.

Market Weight (MW): The analyst expectsthe six-month total return of the debt security subject to thisrating to be in line with the six-month expected total return of the relevant sector.

Underweight (UW): The analyst expectsthe six-month total return of the rated debt security subject to thisrating to be lessthan the six-month expected total return of the relevant sector.

Rating Suspended (RS): The rating has been suspended temporarily due to market events that make coverage impracticable or to comply with applicable regulations and/or firm policies in certaincircumstancesincluding where the Investment Bankof BarclaysBankPLC is acting in an advisory capacity in a merger or strategic transaction involving the company.

Cov erage Suspended (CS): Coverage of this issuer has been temporarily suspended.Not Cov ered (NC): Barclays’ fundamental credit research team does not provide formal, continuous coverage of this issuer and has not assigned a rating to the issuer or its debt securities. Anyanalysis, opinion or trade recommendation provided on a Not Covered issuer or its debt securities is valid only as of the publication date of this report and there should be no expectation thatadditional reportsrelating to the Not Covered issuer or its debt securitieswill be published thereafter.

Where a recommendation is made at the issuer level, it does not apply to any sanctioned securities, where trading in such securities would be prohibited under applicable law, including sanctionslaws and regulations.

*In EEMEA and Latin America (and in certain other limited instances in other regions), analysts may occasionally rate issuers that are not part of the Bloomberg Barclays U.S. Credit Index, theBloomberg Barclays Pan-European Credit Index, the Bloomberg Barclays EM Asia USD High Grade Credit Index or Bloomberg Barclays EM USD Corporate and Quasi Sovereign Index. In suchcases the rating will reflect the analyst’s view of the expected excess return over a six-month period of the issuer’s corporate debt securities relative to the expected excess return of the relevantsector, as specified on the report.

Distribution of ratings assigned by Barclays Corporate Credit Research at the issuer lev el:27% have been assigned an Overweight rating which, for purposes of mandatory regulatory disclosures, is classified as a Buy rating; 58% of issuers with this rating category are investment bankingclientsof the Firm; 76% of the issuers with this rating have received financial servicesfrom the Firm.

47% have been assigned Market Weight rating which, for purposes of mandatory regulatory disclosures, is classified as a Hold rating; 58% of issuers with this rating category are investment bankingclientsof the Firm; 82% of the issuers with this rating have received financial servicesfrom the Firm.

26% have been assigned an Underweight rating which, for purposes of mandatory regulatory disclosures, is classified as a Sell rating; 56% of issuers with this rating category are investment bankingclientsof the Firm; 82% of the issuers with this rating have received financial servicesfrom the Firm.Distribution of ratings assigned by Barclays Corporate Credit Research at the bond lev el:28% have been assigned an Overweight rating which, for purposes of mandatory regulatory disclosures, is classified as a Buy rating; 53% of bonds with this rating category are investment banking clients of the Firm; 69% of the issuers with this rating have received financial services from the Firm.

52% have been assigned Market Weight rating which, for purposes of mandatory regulatory disclosures, is classified as a Hold rating; 62% of bonds with this rating category are investment banking clients of the Firm; 80% of the issuers with this rating have received financial services from the Firm.

19% have been assigned an Underweight rating which, for purposes of mandatory regulatory disclosures, is classified as a Sell rating; 50% of bonds with this rating category are investment banking clients of the Firm; 70% of the issuers with this rating have received financial services from the Firm.

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Important Disclosures (continued)Types of inv estment recommendations produced by Barclays FICC Research:In addition to any ratings assigned under Barclays’ formal rating systems, this publication may contain investment recommendations in the form of trade ideas, thematic screens, scorecards orportfolio recommendations that have been produced by analysts in FICC Research. Any such investment recommendations produced by non-Credit Research teams shall remain open until they aresubsequently amended, rebalanced or closed in a future research report. Any such investment recommendations produced by the Credit Research teams are valid at current market conditions andmay not be otherwise relied upon.

Disclosure of other inv estment recommendations produced by Barclays FICC Research:Barclays FICC Re search may have published other investment recommendations in respect of the same securities/instruments recommended in this research report during the preceding 12 months.To view all investment recommendationspublished by BarclaysFICC Research in the preceding 12 monthsplease refer to https://l ive.barcap.com/go/research/Recommendations.

Legal entities inv olv ed in producing Barclays Research:BarclaysBank PLC (Barclays, UK)

BarclaysCapital Inc. (BCI, US)

BarclaysBank Ireland PLC, Frankfurt Branch (BBI, Frankfurt)

BarclaysBank Ireland PLC, ParisBranch (BBI, Paris)

BarclaysBank Ireland PLC, Milan Branch (BBI, Milan)BarclaysSecuritiesJapan Limited (BSJL, Japan)

BarclaysBank PLC, Hong Kong Branch (BarclaysBank, Hong Kong)

BarclaysCapital Canada Inc. (BCCI, Canada)

BarclaysBank Mexico, S.A. (BBMX, Mexico)

BarclaysSecurities(India) Private Limited (BSIPL, India)BarclaysBank PLC, India Branch (BarclaysBank, India)

BarclaysBank PLC, Singapore Branch (BarclaysBank, Singapore)

BarclaysBank PLC, DIFC Branch (BarclaysBank, DIFC)

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Disclaimer

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This publication has been produced by Barclays Research Department in the Investment Bank of Barclays Bank PLC and/or one or more of its affiliates (collectively and each individually, "Barclays"). Ithas been prepared for institutional investors and not for retail investors. It has been distributed by one or more Barclays affil iated legal entities listed below. It is provided to our clients for informationpurposes only, and Barclays makes no express or implied warranties, and expressly disclaims all warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose or use with respect to any data includedin this publication. To the extent that this publication states on the front page that it is intended for institutional investors and is not subject to all of the independence and disclosure standards applicableto debt research reports prepared for retail investors under U.S. FINRA Rule 2242, it is an “institutional debt research report” and distribution to retail investors is strictly prohibited. Barclays alsodistributes such institutional debt research reports to various issuers, media, regulatory and academic organisations for their own internal informational news gathering, regulatory or academic purposesand not for the purpose of making investment decisions regarding any debt securities. Media organisations are prohibited from re-publishing any opinion or recommendation concerning a debt issuer ordebt security contained in any Barclays institutional debt research report. Any such recipients that do not want to continue receiving Barclays institutional debt research reports should contactdebtresearch@barclays.com. Clients that are subscribed to receive equity research reports, will not receive certain cross a sset research reports co-authored by equity and FICC research analysts thatare distributed as “institutional debt research reports” unless they have agreed to accept such reports. Eligible clients may get access to such cro ss asset reports by contactingdebtresearch@barclays.com. Barclays will not treat unauthorized recipients of this report as its clients and accepts no liability for use by them of the contents which may not be suitable for theirpersonal use. Prices shown are indicative and Barclaysisnot offering to buy or sell or soliciting offersto buy or sell any financial instrument.

Without limiting any of the foregoing and to the extent permitted by law, in no event shall Barclays, nor any affil iate, nor any of their respective officers, directors, partners, or employees have anyliability for (a) any special, punitive, indirect, or consequential damages; or (b) any lost profits, lost revenue, loss of anticipated savings or loss of opportunity or other financial loss, even if notified of thepossibil ity of such damages, arising from any use of thispublication or itscontents.Other than disclosures relating to Barclays, the information contained in this publication has been obtained from sources that Barclays Research believes to be reliable, but Barclays does not representor warrant that it is accurate or complete. Barclays is not responsible for, and makes no warranties whatsoever as to, the information or opinions contained in any written, electronic, audio or videopresentations of third parties that are accessible via a direct hyperlink in this publication or via a hyperlink to a third-party web site (‘Third-Party Content’). Any such Third-Party Content has not beenadopted or endorsed by Barclays, does not represent the views or opinions of Barclays, and is not incorporated by reference into this publication. Third-Party Content is provided for informationpurposes only and Barclayshasnot independently verified itsaccuracy or completeness.

The views in this publication are solely and exclusively those of the authoring analyst(s) and are subject to change, and Barclays Research has no obligation to update its opinions or the information inthis publication. Unless otherwise disclosed herein, the analysts who authored this report have not received any compensation from the subject companies in the past 12 months. If this publicationcontains recommendations, they are general recommendations that were prepared independently of any other interests, including those of Barclays and/or its affiliates, and/or the subject companies.This publication does not contain personal investment recommendations or investment advice or take into account the individual financial circumstances or investment objectives of the clients whoreceive it. The securities and other investments discussed herein may not be suitable for all investors. Barclays is not a fiduciary to any recipient of this publication. Investors must independentlyevaluate the merits and risks of the investments discussed herein, consult any independent advisors they believe necessary, and exercise independent judgment with regard to any investmentdecision. The value of and income from any investment may fluctuate from day to day as a result of changes in relevant economic markets (including changes in market liquidity). The information hereinis not intended to predict actual results, which may differ substantially from those reflected. Past performance is not necessarily indicative of future results. The information provided does not constitutea financial benchmarkand should not be used asa submission or contribution of input data for the purposesof determining a financial benchmark.

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