crime at sea and human insecurity in southeast asia (2) toward a new paradigm of maritime security...
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Crime at Sea and Human Insecurity in Southeast Asia (2)
Toward a New Paradigm of Maritime Security Cooperation
Jun HonnaJICA Research Institute
Backgrounds
• Cross-Border Threats, Regional Cooperation, and the Building of ‘Common Goods’ for ASEAN’s Political-Security Community
• Japan as a Stakeholder
• Enduring Human Insecurity in Southeast Asian Waters
Crime at Sea: Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated (IUU) Fishing
・ UII fishing in the Asia-Pacific Region costs around US$5.8b annually.
・ Scientists estimate that 56 percent of the coral reefs in Southeast Asia are at risk from destructive fishing (Reefs at Risk, 2002)
Crime at Sea: Human Trafficking
・ It is conservatively estimated that at least 200-225,000 womenand children from Southeast Asia are trafficked annually, a figure representing nearly one-third of the global trafficking trade. (IOM, Combating Trafficking in Southeast Asia)
Crime at Sea: Illegal Logging
・ Stolen timber worth almost two and a half billion dollars is traded between the countries of East and Southeast Asia each year. (EIA/Telapak)
Crime at Sea: Drug TraffickingClandestine Laboratories Seized in SEA
・ UNODC estimates that about half of global production of amphetamines takes place in East and Southeast Asia, a third in North America and about 15% in Europe.
Crime at Sea: Armed Robbery against Ships
Locations 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Indonesia 121 94 79 50 43 28
Malacca Straits 28 38 12 11 7 2
Malaysia 5 9 3 10 9 10
Philippines 12 4 6 6 7
Singapore Straits 2 8 7 5 3 6
Thailand/Gulf of Thai. 2 4 1 1 2
South China Sea 2 8 6 1 3
Vietnam 15 4 10 3 5 11
Total at Year End 445 329 276 239 263 293
ICC-IMB Piracy and Armed Robbery against Ships Report – Annual Report 2008
Locations of Actual and Attempted Attacks
Questioning Regional Responses to Maritime Crime
• Gap between High-level Political Commitment (ASEAN Plan of Action to Combat Transnational Crime) and Policy-level Cooperation
• Piracy-Oriented International Concerns
• Navy-Oriented Views of Maritime Security