critical points in the feeding of high yielding dairy cows gergácz, z., †báder, e., szűcs, e....
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CRITICAL POINTS IN THE FEEDING CRITICAL POINTS IN THE FEEDING OF HIGH YIELDING DAIRY COWSOF HIGH YIELDING DAIRY COWS
Gergácz, Z., †Báder, E., Szűcs, E.Gergácz, Z., †Báder, E., Szűcs, E.
University of West Hungary, Faculty of Agricultural and University of West Hungary, Faculty of Agricultural and Food SciencesFood Sciences
Mosonmagyaróvár, HungaryMosonmagyaróvár, Hungary
AIM OF THE STUDYAIM OF THE STUDY
The The aim of the studyaim of the study was to analyse the was to analyse the relationship relationship between between the the body conditionbody condition and and the results the results of of metabolic profile testmetabolic profile test have been have been done in done in dairy dairy cows cows in in different days in milkdifferent days in milk (DIM).(DIM).
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION Body Body Condition Condition ScoreScore (BCS) (BCS) is is a a useful useful
managementmanagement tool tool to to assessassess body body fatfat stores stores especially in Holstein dairy cows. The method especially in Holstein dairy cows. The method is is based based onon a a visual visual and and tactile appraisal of tactile appraisal of body body fat fat reserves reserves in in the the backback and and pelvic pelvic regions regions and and BCSBCS is usually scored on a scale is usually scored on a scale of 1 to 5. (Edmonson et al. 1989). of 1 to 5. (Edmonson et al. 1989).
The The BCS BCS has has been been proposedproposed toto measure measure changes in body reserve as a result of changes in body reserve as a result of negative negative energy balance (Berry et al., 2002). energy balance (Berry et al., 2002).
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
Dairy cattle, like most lactating mammals, are Dairy cattle, like most lactating mammals, are usually usually in in negative energy balance in the first negative energy balance in the first few weeks of lactation (Nielsen, 1999)few weeks of lactation (Nielsen, 1999)
The selection The selection for for milk yield increases the gap milk yield increases the gap between between energyenergy input and output during early input and output during early lactation becauselactation because DMI DMI has has not been included not been included directly directly in in thethe breeding goal breeding goal (Veerkamp and (Veerkamp and Brotherstone, 1998) Brotherstone, 1998)
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
High yielding dairy cows express more severe High yielding dairy cows express more severe prolonged prolonged negativenegative energy energy balance, balance, which which resultsresults in in greater biological stressgreater biological stress..This stress This stress maymay impactimpact upon upon the the reproductionreproduction and and immune systems leading to fertility and health immune systems leading to fertility and health problems problems during during and and beyond beyond the the negative negative energy balance period (Berry et al., 2002). energy balance period (Berry et al., 2002).
MATERIAL AND METHODSMATERIAL AND METHODS Blood Blood samplessamples (N = 1984) (N = 1984) were were taken taken from from
clinically healthy, clinically healthy, randomly randomly selectedselected animals animals (1-(1-220 0 daysdays before calving, before calving, 1-30 1-30 afterafter calving, calving, andand older than 30 days after calving). older than 30 days after calving). SamplesSamples were were taken aftertaken after the the morning morning feeding in the 3-5 hours. feeding in the 3-5 hours.
Physiological Physiological valuesvalues in in samples samples takentaken were were analysed analysed as follows:as follows: blood’s blood’s haemoglobinhaemoglobin, , the the plasma’splasma’s aceto-acetic acidaceto-acetic acid, , FFA, glucose, urea FFA, glucose, urea concentration and AST’sconcentration and AST’s activity value, activity value, and and the the urine’s pHurine’s pH, NABE, NABE and urea and urea parameters. parameters.
Brydl Brydl summarizedsummarized the the normal normal valuesvalues (reference(reference values) characterizing values) characterizing thethe metabolism metabolism of dairy cows.of dairy cows. (The (The brown dotted lines are shown in brown dotted lines are shown in the Figures also.) the Figures also.)
Simultaneously, Simultaneously, body body condition condition ofof all animals was all animals was evaluated using a evaluated using a 5 point scale5 point scale..
RESULTSRESULTS (P(P<<0.001)0.001)
2,25
2,50
2,75
3,00
3,25
3,50
-12 3 18 44 76 104 133 218
3,48
3,15
2,82
2,65 2,69 2,68 2,68
2,89 BCS
Average days of lactationBCS
Calving time
RESULTSRESULTS (P(P<<0.001)0.001)
2,00
2,25
2,50
2,75
3,00
3,25
3,50
3,75
4,50
4,75
5,00
5,25
5,50
5,75
6,00
6,25
6,50
6,75
-12 3 18 44 76 104 133 218
BCS
Haemoglobin
The average days of lactation.
Association between Haemoglobin values and BCS
Haemoglobin, mmol/l BCS
RESULTSRESULTS (P(P<<0.01)0.01)
2,00
2,25
2,50
2,75
3,00
3,25
3,50
3,75
2,00
2,20
2,40
2,60
2,80
3,00
3,20
3,40
3,60
-12 3 18 44 76 104 133 218
BCS
Glucose
The average days of lactation.
Association between Glucose values and BCS
Glucose, mmol/l BCS
RESULTSRESULTS (P(P<<0.05)0.05)
2,00
2,25
2,50
2,75
3,00
3,25
3,50
3,75
0,04
0,05
0,06
0,07
0,08
0,09
0,10
0,11
0,12
-12 3 18 44 76 104 133 218
BCS
Aceto-acetic-acid
The average days of lactation.
Association between Aceto-acetic-acid values and BCS
Aceto-acetic-acid, mmol/l BCS
RESULTSRESULTS (P(P<<0.01)0.01)
2,00
2,25
2,50
2,75
3,00
3,25
3,50
3,75
0,05
0,10
0,15
0,20
0,25
0,30
-12 3 18 44 76 104 133 218
BCS
FFA/NEFA
The average days of lactation.
Association between FFA (NEFA) values and BCS
FFA (NEFA), mmol/l BCS
RESULTSRESULTS (P(P<<0.01)0.01)
2,00
2,25
2,50
2,75
3,00
3,25
3,50
3,75
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
-12 3 18 44 76 104 133 218
BCS
AST
The average days of lactation.
Association between AST values and BCS
AST, UI/l BCS
RESULTSRESULTS (P(P<<0.01)0.01)
2,00
2,25
2,50
2,75
3,00
3,25
3,50
3,75
3,0
3,5
4,0
4,5
5,0
5,5
6,0
6,5
7,0
-12 3 18 44 76 104 133 218
BCS
Blood
urea
The average days of lactation.
Association between Blood urea concentration and BCS
Blood urea, mmol/l BCS
RESULTSRESULTS (P(P<<0.05)0.05)
2,00
2,25
2,50
2,75
3,00
3,25
3,50
3,75
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
-12 3 18 44 76 104 133 218
BCS
NABE
The average days of lactation.
Association between NABE values in the urine and BCS
NABE, mmol/l BCS
CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION
According to our results could validated may estimate According to our results could validated may estimate the the critical critical periodsperiods of of lactation lactation byby the BCS the BCS and and metabolic metabolic profile profile tests tests in in high high yielding dairy cows. yielding dairy cows.
The The largest largest risks risks of of diseases diseases and economic damage and economic damage were in first were in first 5050 DIM after calving. The normal rumen DIM after calving. The normal rumen functions functions andand thethe harmonious harmonious nutrimentnutriment supply supply accordingaccording to to thethe needs needs ofof the the animals animals should be should be reinstated by optimizing the TMR formulas. reinstated by optimizing the TMR formulas.
The The resultsresults of of thethe study study confirm confirm that that the body the body condition condition scoring scoring isis a a reliablereliable and and cheap tool for cheap tool for revealing revealing the the risk risk of of metabolicmetabolic disorders caused by disorders caused by malnutrition.malnutrition.
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