CROSS LAMINATED TIMBERBridging the Designer-Manufacturer Gap

Presented By: Allison Standiford October 4, 2017

Southern California Wood Solutions Fair

Disclaimer: This presentation was developed by a third party and is not funded by WoodWorks or the Softwood Lumber Board.

The Wood Products Council is a Registered Provider with The American Institute of Architects Continuing Education Systems (AIA/CES), Provider #G516. Credit(s) earned on completion of this course will be reported to AIA CES for AIA members. Certificates of Completion for both AIA members and non-AIA members are available upon request.

This course is registered with AIA CES for continuing professional education. As such, it does not include content that may be deemed or construed to be an approval or endorsement by the AIA of any material of construction or any method or manner of handling, using, distributing, or dealing in any material or product.

Questions related to specific materials, methods, and services will be addressed at the conclusion of this presentation.

COURSE DESCRIPTIONThis presentation is intended for building designers interested in the use of cross-laminated timber (CLT) who want to take full advantage of its prefabricated, precise nature and potential for construction savings. Unlike some traditional wood products, interaction with the product manufacturer, on elements such as 3D building models and whole building shop drawings, is important to the design of a successful CLT structure. Topics will include CLT design considerations, including those related to cost efficiency, as well as appropriate spans, thicknesses, applications, and specifications. The design team/manufacturer relationship will also be examined, with an emphasis on what project teams can expect from design through construction, information required by each party, and appropriate outputs (e.g., drawings, calculations, specs).

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

1. Explain best practices for designing a cross-

laminated timber (CLT) building for cost

efficiency, addressing items such as spans,

thicknesses and specifications.

2. Demonstrate the typical interface between

design team and CLT manufacturer on

commercial and multi-family projects.

3. Highlight keys to successful CLT project

delivery, from drawing coordination to material

lead time.

4. Review methods of streamlining the design

team’s input on CLT projects, focusing on cost

efficiency and schedule savings.

CLT: THE MANUFACTURING PROCESS

THE PROCESS• TYPICALLY2XDIMENSIONLUMBER

•MOISTURECONTENT12%,+/- 3%•VISUALLYORMACHINEGRADED

•PLANEDFOURSIDES• FINGER-JOINTEDENDTOEND

THE PROCESS•BOARDSLOADED•PERPENDICULARLAYERS•PRESSTIME=2.5XGLUEOPENTIME

•PRESSCYCLES•PANELSREMOVEDANDSITTOCUREPRIORTOCNCMILLING

THE PROCESS• LARGEFORMATCNC

• LOADEDBYFORKLIFTOROVERHEADCRANE

•MILLINGTIMEISBASEDON- COMPLEXITY- PANELTHICKNESS- WOODSPECIES

• REACHOUTTOAMANUFACTUREREARLYANDOFTEN

• COMEPREPAREDWITHYOURPROJECTSPECIFICS

• HELPTHEMANUFACTURERUNDERSTANDYOURNEEDS

• UNDERSTANDTHEMANUFACTURER’SCAPABILITIES

BESTPRACTICES

THE ORIGINAL INTENT OF CLT• LIGHTERWEIGHT,NOTWEATHER-DEPENDENTREPLACEMENTFORCONCRETEANDSTEEL

• FULLYENCAPSULATED,UNEXPOSED

• THEINHERENTBEAUTYOFCLTLENDSITSELFTOOTHERUNIQUEAPPLICATIONS

WE ARE ALL UNIQUE• PRESSSIZES• PRODUCTCERTIFICATIONS

- WOODSPECIES- LAYUPS- STRENGTHVALUES

• PLYANDPANELTHICKNESSES• SOFTWARE• SERVICES

WHEN SHOULD YOU REACH OUT TO A MANUFACTURER?

EARLY CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

YOUR PROJECT• WHATAREYOUCONSIDERINGCLTFOR?

• FLOOR• ROOF• WALLS• ELEVATORSHAFTS

• WHATWILLCLTHELPYOUACHIEVE?• TIMEANDLABORSAVINGS• CLEANERJOBSITE/LESSWASTE• SUSTAINABILITY/ENVIRONMENTAL• AESTHETICS• MATERIALCOSTSAVINGS

• SPECIFICATIONSECTION• APAPRG-320PRODUCTREPORT• LOADANDSPANTABLES• TYPICALENGINEERINGSCOPE

- CONNECTIONDETAILS- PANELDESIGN/CALCS- SHOPSREVIEW

• DESIGNASSISTANCE• PRODUCTSAMPLES• FINISHOPTIONSOFFERED• LEADTIME

WHAT SHOULD YOU ASK FOR?

• PROVIDEASMUCHINFORMATIONASPOSSIBLE:- FULLSETOFDESIGNDOCUMENTS- 3DCADORREVITMODEL

• PROVIDEADIMENSIONEDCLTPLAN/LAYOUT• INCLUDEDESIGNCRITERIASUCHAS:

- SUPERIMPOSEDDEADLOAD- LIVELOAD- SNOWLOAD- MECHANICALEQUIPMENTLOAD

• CLEARLYIDENTIFYDEFFEREDSUBMITTALREQUIREMENTS

• PROVIDEAPROJECTMANUAL,SCOPEOFWORK,ORSPECIFICATIONSECTION

SeeReference3

WHAT CAN YOU DO?

WHATISREQUIREDFORTHEMANUFACTURERTOCOMPLY?• BUYAMERICANACT?• LEEDCERTIFIED,SILVER,GOLD,PLATINUM?• LIVINGBUILDINGCHALLENGEDECLAREDORCERTIFIED?• ISFSCCERTIFICATIONREQUIRED?

• WILLSFICHAINOFCUSTODYCERTIFICATIONBEACCEPTEDASASUBSTITUTION?

PROJECT REQUIREMENTS

U.S.GREENBUILDINGCOUNCIL• ALTERNATECOMPLIANCEPATHPILOTPROGRAMLEED2009LEEDv4

• ENABLESSFICERTIFIEDWOODANDPAPERPRODUCTSTOBEELIGIBLEFORLEEDCREDIT

LEED CREDIT WITH SFI CoC

INORDERTOCOUNTTOWARDALEEDPOINT,THEUSERMUSTFIRSTKNOWTHAT:1. 100%OFTHEFORESTPRODUCTS

AREFROMLEGALSOURCES(NON-CONTROVERSIAL)

2. 70%FROMRESPONSIBLESOURCES

3. THEREMAINEDERMUSTBEFROMCERTIFIEDSOURCESASEVIDENCEDBYCHAINOFCUSTODYCERTIFICATION(CoC)

LEED CREDIT WITH SFI CoC

LEEDv4“SOURCINGOFRAWMATERIALS”CREDITRESPONSIBLEEXTRACTION“SOURCING”CRITERIA• USEATLEAST25%(BASEDONCOST)OF

PERMANENTLYINSTALLEDBUILDINGMATERIALSTHATMEETONEOFTHEFOLLOWINGREQUIREMENTS:- EXTENDEDPRODUCERRESPONSIBILITY(EPR)- BIO-BASEDMATERIALS- REUSEDMATERIALS- WOODPRODUCTS- SOURCEDFROMCERTIFIEDSOURCES(SFICoC!)

LEED CREDIT WITH SFI CoC

PROJECT CONSIDERATIONS

PROJECT LOCATION• MANUFACTURER

LOCATION• SHIPPINGDISTANCE• LOGISTICS• LABORFORCE

PROJECT LOCATION• ISYOURPROJECTLOCATEDINAHIGHSEISMICAREA?

• ARETHEREHIGHWINDSTOCONSIDER?

• HEAVYSNOWLOADS?

WOOD SPECIES• REGIONALLYAVAILABLELUMBERSOURCE

• SOFTWOODVS.HARDWOOD

• SPECIFYINGACERTIFIEDLUMBERSPECIESMAYLEAVEYOUWITHONLYONEMANUFACTURER

WOOD SPECIES

• WHATISPRG-320ANDWHYISTHISIMPORTANT?

• ISAPRODUCTCERTIFICATIONREQUIREDFORYOURPROJECT?

• WHATARETHEMANUFACTURER’SCERTIFIEDLAYUPSANDWHATARETHEIRAPPLICATIONS?

SeeReference3

APA PRG - 320 CERTIFICATION

ANSI/APA PRG - 320 CERTIFIED LAYUPS

3PlyALTConcentratedstrengthinthelongaxisLIGHTBEARINGANDNON-BEARINGWALLS

4PlyMAXXEqualstrengthinthebothaxes’WALLS/SHORTFLOORSPANS/TYPICALROOFSPANS

5PlyALTConcentratedstrengthinthelongaxisHEAVYBEARINGWALLS/SHORTFLOORSPANS/NORMALROOFSPANS

5PlyMAXXConcentratedstrengthinthelongaxisSHORTFLOORSPANS/NORMALROOFSPANS

7PlyALTConcentratedstrengthinthelongaxisLONGERFLOORSPANS/LONGERROOFSPANS

7PlyMAXXConcentratedstrengthinthelongaxisLONGERFLOORSPANS/LONGERROOFSPANS

9PlyALTConcentratedstrengthinthelongaxisLONGESTFLOORSPANS/LONGESTROOFSPANS

9PlyMAXXConcentratedstrengthinthelongaxisLONGESTFLOORSPANS/LONGESTROOFSPANS

CODE• MANUFACTURER’SPRELIMINARYENGINEERINGEVALUATION

• WHEREHASCLTBEENSUCCESSFULLYUSEDINYOURJURISDICTION?

• 2015IBC,LOCALCALIFORNIACODE2016CBC

• WHATISTHECLTENTRYPOINTPERCURRENTCODE?

STARMILL- AMERICANFORK,UTAH• 2012IBCJURISDICTIONOROLDER

• CLTNOTOUTLINEDINCODE• SMARTLAMPROVIDED:

• ENGINEERINGREVIEW• PANELDESIGNANDCALCS• SHOPDRAWINGS• CONNECTIONDETAILS

• NODEFERREDSTAMPEDSUBMITTAL

ALTERNATE MEANS AND METHODS

• WHATISTHETYPEOFCONSTRUCTION?

• WHATISTHEFIRERATING?• WHATTESTING/CERTIFICATIONISREQUIRED?

• DOYOUPLANTOLEAVETHECLTEXPOSED?

FIRE RATINGS

SeeReference14

NationalDesignSpecification forWoodConstruction2015EditionChapter16

CLTDesignHandbook Chapter8Figure7

FIRE – CHAR CALCULATIONS

• HOWCANYOUREACHTHEREQUIREDSTCANDIICRATINGSFORYOURPROJECT?

• WHATTESTINGHASTHEMANUFACTURERDONETHATISSPECIFICTOTHEIRPRODUCT?

• WHATASSEMBLYISRIGHTFORYOURPROJECT?

SOUND

• CODEMINIMUM=“NOTLESSTHAN50,45IFFIELDTESTED”• ACCEPTABLEVERSESPREFERRED• LABTESTINGISTYPICALLY3-5POINTSHIGHERTHANFIELDTESTING

SeeReference17

SOUND

UNDERSTANDING CLT COSTS

HOWDOIGETTHEBESTBANGFORMYBUCKWITHCLT?

q PRG-320CERTIFICATIONq FSC/SFICHAINOFCUSTODYCERTIFIEDq FIRETESTINGq SOUNDSTESTINGq WOODSPECIESq SERVICESq PROXIMITYTOPROJECTLOCATIONq LEADTIME/AVAILABILITYTODELIVERONYOUR

TIMELINE

UNDERSTANDING CLT COSTS

UNDERSTANDING CLT COSTS• LARGESTPANELISA10’X40’

• MOSTEFFICIENTPANELISA10’X40’

• LEASTEFFICIENTPANELISA6’X21’

6’ x 21’

10’ x 40’

PANEL SIZE = EFFICIENCY = COST

CNC MILLING

COMPLEXITY=MILLINGTIME

=COST

• BUILDINGLIFECYCLECOSTSVERSESACOSTPERSQUAREFOOT• DEVELOPERBUILDANDHOLDMODELRATHERTHANBUILDANDFLIP• EACHPROJECTISUNIQUEANDWILLHAVEITSOWNCOSTPARAMETERSTOEVALUTE

UNDERSTANDING CLT COSTS

PROJECT DELIVERY

• GLULAMMANUFACTURER• STEELFABRICATOR• MECHANICAL/ELECTRICAL/PLUMBING• CONCRETE:EXTREMELYIMPORTANT!

- CONCRETEFOUNDATIONSMUSTBESQUAREANDLEVEL

- CONTRACTORPERFORMSAFOUNDATIONSURVEY

- SUPPLIESASBUILTDIMENSIONSTOMANUFACTURER

COORDINATION WITH OTHER TRADES

• LEGALLOAD• OVER-DIMENSIONAL• SUPERWIDELOADS• STATEESCORT+$$• POLICEESCORT+$$$$

SHIPPING & LOGISTICS

• LOADSEQUENCINGANDINSTALLATION

• PICKINGDIRECTLYFROMTRUCKORSTAGINGONSITE

• TRUCKHOLDTIME• CRANETIME

SHIPPING & LOGISTICS

INSTALLATIONINFORMATIONTOSHARE:• SITEPLAN• CRANEPLACEMENT• WHEREAREYOUSTARTING?• HOWAREYOULIFTING?QUESTIONSTOASK:• LIFTINGHARDWAREOPTIONS• PICKPOINTLOCATION• INCREASINGSPEEDONSITE

• 3-4CREWMEMBERS• 1CRANEOPERATOR• 30MINUTESPERPANEL• 3PANELSINPROCESSATALLTIMES

- ONEBEINGFASTENED- ONEFLYINGINTOPLACE- ONEBEINGPREPPEDFORLIFTING

INSTALLATION METRICS

CASE STUDIES

MAINSTRUCTURE:• WALLS• FLOORS• ROOF• SHAFTS• FEATURESTAIR• 260CLTPANELSBUSBAYCANOPY:• 44CLTPANELS

TRANSPORTATION CENTER

CHALLENGES:• #1COMMUNICATION• BUYAMERICANACTPROJECT• BASISOFDESIGNNOTU.S.• CERTIFIED9PLYPANEL• FOUNDATIONISSUES• WOODSPECIES

TRANSPORTATION CENTER

RESULT:• COMMUNICATION• MULTIPLERFIs• EXTENDEDSHOPSDEVELOPMENTSTAGE• PANELTHICKNESSESCHANGES• APACERTIFICATION• FOUNDATIONALTERATIONS• SCHEDULEDELAYS• FRUSTRATION

TRANSPORTATION CENTER

• APPROXIMATELY54,000SF• 8STORIES• CLTFLOORS,WALLS,ROOF• DESIGNTEAMREACHEDOUTTOA

SPECIFICMANUFACTURERINEARLYCONCEPTUALDESIGN

• CONDUCTEDANEFFICIENCYSTUDYBASEDONTHEMANUFACTURER’SRECOMMENDATIONSANDCAPABILITIES

• RECOGNIZEDTHATMAXIMIZINGPANELSIZESMINIMIZESPRESSANDCNCMILLINGTIME

SeeReference26

SLIVER PROJECT-TULSA, OK

COMMUNICATION IS KEY

• COMMUNICATIONOFGOALS

• COMMUNICATIONOFCAPABILITIES

• COMMUNICATIONOFEXPECTATIONS

• COMMUNICATIONOFSUCCESS

CONVERSATION PLINTH-COLUMBUS, INDIANA

• REACHOUTTOAMANUFACTUREREARLYANDOFTEN

• COMEPREPAREDWITHYOURPROJECTSPECIFICS

• HELPTHEMANUFACTURERUNDERSTANDYOURNEEDS

• UNDERSTANDTHEMANUFACTURER’SCAPABILITIES

BESTPRACTICES

AllisonStandifordArchitecturalSales&ProjectManagement

SmartLam,LLC.(406)892-2241

allison.Standiford@smartlam.com

QUESTIONS?

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tricks/&tbnid=OTf_GH2bQjj4jM:&docid=icx5YIYCA3V02M&h=400&w=800#h=400&imgrc=OTf_GH2bQjj4jM:&w=8005. http://www.guardianscu.coop/rates/6. https://www.google.com/maps/@38.9945678,-101.1174644,3.13z?hl=en7. https://www.shutterstock.com/search/earthquake8. http://www.visualphotos.com/image/1x6050400/hurricane_damage_to_rendlesham_forest_england9. http://wallpaperswide.com/tornado-wallpapers.html10. http://picssr.com/photos/12329819@N06/page5?nsid=12329819@N0611. https://www.iccsafe.org/wp-content/uploads/stateadoptions.pdf12. http://codes.iccsafe.org/app/book/content/2015-I-Codes/2015%20IBC%20HTML/Chapter%206.html13. 2110 Commerce/Brewery Lofts- Developed by Horizon Partners, FLYNN Architecture 14. http://www.awc.org/pdf/codes-standards/publications/nds/AWC-NDS2015-ViewOnly-1603.pdf (pg.152)15. http://www.seattle.gov/dpd/cs/groups/pan/@pan/documents/web_informational/dpds021903.pdf (chp.8, fig.7)16. http://www.maxxon.com/acousti-mat_i/data17. http://pre02.deviantart.net/1845/th/pre/i/2012/094/f/9/buy_american_act_product_compliant_list_by_dahlbek1-d4uyq11.jpg18. http://www.usgbc.org/leed19. https://living-future.org/lbc/20. https://us.fsc.org/en-us21. http://www.sssystems.pl/en/about/what-we-do/22. http://www.different.com.mk23. Photo courtesy pf Garco Construction24. Photos/Design courtesy of David Stahl, Principal, Cunningham Group Architecture, Inc., special thanks.25. http://wonderfulengineering.com26. http://www.businessinsider.com/most-bizarre-buildings-around-the-world-2016-127. http://www.architectmagazine.com/technology/detail/kaeng-krachan-elephant-park-shell_o28. Photo courtesy of Goodfellow, Inc., Ontario, special thanks. 29. Photo/Design credit- Jacobs/TCC Enterprises-Greenville TAC, special thanks.30. YOUR PROJECT: http://construction.keysschools.schoolfusion.us/modules/groups/integrated_home.phtml?gid=1574194&sessionid=449923fa7278ffa13bd6e46ffbf682fa31. Photo/Design credit- IKD, Yugon Kim- Columbus Indiana Conversation Plinth, special thanks.