crossover: bridge ahead impassable

7/28/2019 Crossover: Bridge Ahead Impassable

1/16

CRO

SSOVE

RBridgeAHeAd

iMPASSABLe:

WhyItsSoHard

toPedalorWalkAcrosstheDelawareRiver


2/16CROSSOVER

CROSSOVER

Bcycln s ncasnly bn vw as a

ltmat an mpotant tanspotaton

opton o popl tavlln btwn Pnnsyl-

vana an Nw Jsy. Whth o commutn

o catonal puposs, by tsl o combn

wth mass tanst, onal planns a

mphaszn bcycl accss on both ss o th

dlawa. Ths mphass xtns to pstan

accss as wll, as th sam nastuctu

typcally suppots both mos o tavl.

Th bs spannn th dlawa a ctcal

lnks btwn own bcycl ntwoks n

Pnnsylvana an Nw Jsy. B accsso pstans an bcycls s qu to ul-

fll th poms o ou nvstmnts n ths

ntwoks. Bcycl accss on ky bs wll fll

snfcant aps n onal bcycl tal ntwoks

an pov mllons o popl wth th ablty

to njoy both ss o th dlawa rv.

Ths pot om th Bcycl Coalton o gat

Phlalpha ocuss on accss on twlv bs,

om Washnton Cossn B n th noth

to Commoo Bay B n th south. Fv

o th twlv bs allow accss, althouh

that accss s lmt. Svn bs pohbt

all bcycl an pstan cossns. Two

upcomn b xpanson pojcts a

consn nclun bcycl an pstan

pathways on nw b stuctus. Follown

th b pofls, w pov commna-

tons o what can b on to ach b to

acltat btt v cossn o popl on

oot an on bk.

Bridge AHeAd iMPASSABLe:Why Its So Hard to Pedal or Walk Across the Delaware River


3/16

Ths bs pov vtal lnks btwn Nw Jsy an

Southast Pnnsylvana. Althouh thy allow oot an

bcycl accss, that allowanc s lmt n placs byunsponsv o nonxstnt snow moval, stct

hous, o th pohbton o n on th walkways.

Th Bnjamn Fankln B stans as th only conncton

btwn Camn an Phlalpha that os not qu

bcyclsts to pay a toll. Ths b povs bathtaknvws o th dlawa rv an th Phlalpha skyln,

an s an unappcat stnaton n tsl. it s

also th only dlawa rv B wh bcyclsts a

pmtt to th bks acoss.

Washington crossing

access

Pd/B allwd: Ys; Bks must b walk

s P: Woon planks wth on jonts

Wd Pw: Naow

s: dctonal sna

a h: 24 hous

sw rvl: Ys; Shovl & ic mlt

c B P: Ys; d&r Canal Tal/dlawa

& Lhh Tal/ BcyclPA rout Sn rl s: Yaly

security

L: Ys

cll Bx: No

s c: Ys

s Pl: Mann 24 hous/ay

a: Dlw rv J tll Bd c

BRidgES with aCCESS2

BRidgES with aCCESS

hOpEwEll tOwnShip, nJ to

UppER MakEfiEld tOwnShip, pa


4/16BRidgES with aCCESS

caLhoun streetaccess



Wd Pw: 6-8 Ft

s: dctonal sna

a h: 24 hous


c B P: Ys

n rl s: Tnton

securityL: Ys

cll Bx: No

s c: Ys



LoWer trenton

accessPd/B allwd: Ys; Bks must b walk


Wd Pw: W

s: dctonal sna

a h: 24 hous


c B P: Ys; d&r Canal Tal &dlawa & Lhh Tal

n rl s: Tnton

securityL: Ys

cll Bx: No

s c: Ys


a: Dlw rv P a

BRidgES with aCCESS

tREntOn, nJ to MORRiSVillE, pa


5/16

tacony PaLmyra

access


s P: Conct

Wd Pw: Naow; 4 t

s: dctonal sna

a h: 24 hous

sw rvl: dpnnt on avalablty omantnanc cw

c B P: Ys

n rl s: Palmya (rv Ln) Staton

security

L: Ys

cll Bx: No

s c: Ys

s Pl: 24 h B Polc

a: Bl c Bd c

palMyRa, nJ taCOny, philadElphia, pa

BenJamin frankLinaccess

Pd/B allwd: Ys

s P: Conct

Wd Pw: W (NJ appoach naow)

s: Lacks ctonal sna

a h: Spn/Summ: 6am - 9pmFall/Wnt: 6am - 8 pm

sw rvl: NONe

rp/app: NJ s: 3-stoy stacas wthstp bk amp

c B P: Uncla how bcyclsts shoulconnct to bk lans n Phlalphao Camn

n rl s: 5th St (SePTA), Cty Hall (PATCO)

security

L: Ys

cll Bx: No

s c: Ys

s Pl: No


CaMdEn, nJ philadElphia, pa

BRidgES with aCCESS4

BRidgES with aCCESS

to

to


6/16BRidgES with nO aCCESS

route 1 freeWayThs b s a twlv-span, smply suppot compost st

an conct ck stuctu.

Th a th southboun lans an two nothboun lans.

Pstans an cyclsts a not pmtt to coss.


tREntOn, nJ MORRiSVillE, pa

BurLington BristoL

Th Bulnton County B Commsson onc pov an scot

svc acoss th b o pstans an cyclsts. Howv, as

o th wtn o ths pot, th scot svc s not bn o

a: Bl c Bd c

BURlingtOn, nJ BRiStOl, pa

Betsy ross

Ths contnuous tuss b has 8 lans o moto-vhcl tac

cossn th dlawa on an asphalt suac.


a: Dlw rv P a

pEnnSaUkEn, nJ philadElphia, pa

BRidgES with nO aCCESS

to

to

to


7/16

BRidgES with nO aCCESS

WaLt WhitmanTh Walt Whtman B s cuntly unon ckn but

ths pojct s cons a mss oppotunty as a pstan/

bcycl path was not nclu n th constucton plans. Th

b s a vtal lnk o commuts an tousts an coul hav

bn a popula bcycl out btwn Southn Nw Jsy an

Pnnsylvana.

a: Dlw rv P a

glOUCEStER City, nJ philadElphia, pa

commoDore Barry

Ths cantlv b has 5 lans o tafc an s th southnmost

cossn pont o tavlls btwn Pnnsylvana an Nw Jsy.


a: Dlw rv P a

BRidgEpORt, nJ ChEStER, pa

BRidgES with nO aCCESS6

to

to


8/16BRidgES with fUtURE aCCESS

BRidgES with fUtURE aCCESS

scuDDer faLLs/i-95 BriDge

Th xstn contons o th Scu Falls/i-95 B

o not allow accss to th pstans o cyclsts.

Howv, th dlawa rv Jont Toll B

Commsson s ppan o th $322 mllon Scu

Falls impovmnt Pojct an constucton s xpct

to bn n 2014.1 in aton to th ns wnn o

i-95, a pstan/bcycl path wll b bult on th

southboun s as pat o th bs constucton.

Ths pstan/bk path wll sv as a ncssay lnk

btwn th dlawa an Lhh Hta Tal an

th dlawa an ratan Canal Path.


Ewing tOwnShip, nJ lOwER MakEfiEld tOwnShip, pa

276 turnPike/i-95

Th PA Tunpk/i-95 intchan Pojct sks to

connct th Pnnsylvana Tunpk an intstat 95

n Bucks County. Th pojct wll wn th b

an bul a paalll span to v opposn tafc. in

2002, a coalton o avocacy oup campan o

th ncluson o a bcycl an pstan path un

th pojcts nvonmntal mpact statmnt publc

commnt po. Whl a pstan/bk path was not

ntf as a n n th pojct scpton, a spons

ltt om th Fal Hhway Amnstaton has lt

th oo opn o th possbl ncluson o a pathway on

on o th bs pov ctan contons a mt.2

Ths wll b th last phas o th intchan pojct an

constucton wll not bn untl somtm at 2020.3

a: Plv tp c

BRiStOl, pa flOREnCE, nJ

1Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission. (n.d.). Scudder Falls BridgePreerred Alternatives. Retrieved March 13, 2013, rom Scudder Falls Bridge:http://scudderallsbridge.com/preerred.htm

2Federal Highway Administration. (n.d.). Attachment B - ROD Bicycle andPedestrian Letter. Retrieved March 13, 2013, rom PA Turnpike / I-95 Interchange

Project: Selected Alternative: http://www.paturnpikei95.com/pd/ROD_attachB.pd

3PA Turnpike / I-95 Interchange Project : Stages. (n.d.). Retrieved March 13, 2013,rom PA Turnpike / I-95 Interchange Project Online: http://www.paturnpikei95.com/stages.htm

to

to


9/16

Bcycl accss to tanst povs som coss-

v moblty. ronal bcycl accss on tan-

st s almost xclusvly stct, howv, to

Cntal Phlalpha an Camn, wth som

svc n th Tnton - Lvttown - Yaly aa.

Fo most ponts btwn NJ an PA, tanst

s hav to connct va Cntal Phlalpha,

Camn, o Tnton. Ths tps a substantal n

lnth an shoul not b cons mannul

bcycl ntwok connctos n o thmslvs.

Ths poo connctvty s also complcat by

uncoonat schuls, multpl anstumnts, an ush hou bk stctons

(on SePTA tans). Fo xampl, tavln om

Nothast Phlalpha to Pnnsaukn, NJ

qus th tanss an up to th spa-

at tckts.4 ronal tanst povs hav

lon conz ths tcktn poblm but

any kn o ntancy tcktn wll hav to

wat untl all th ancs aopt smat ca

tchnoloy. (PATCO s th only onal pov

that cuntly os ths tchnoloy)5

.

in 2008 th dlawa Vally ronal Plannn

Commsson conuct a stuy o outn

xstn bus outs ov th Bulnton Bstol,

Tacony Palmya, an Commoo Bay Bs.

Th stuy oun only on fnancally asbl

out: xtnn SePTA out 8 bus om th

Fanko Tanspotaton Cnt to th Palmya

NJ rvLiNe staton. Th stuy stmat th

out woul nat mo than 1300 aly

tps an woul cost about $6 p (oun

tp) to opat. Th was no ollow-up to

th stuy.6

pUBliC tRanSpORtatiOn

4Google Transit Directions - Pennsauken Light Rail Station to Harbison andFrankord Ave, Philadelphia. (n.d.). Retrieved March 13, 2013, rom GoogleMaps: http://goo.gl/maps/FBbhL

5Delaware River Port Authority. (n.d.). Retrieved March 13, 2013, romPATCO Freedom Card: www.patcoreedomcard.org

6Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission. (2008). Seamless RegionalTransit Access.

pUBliC tRanSpORtatiOn8


10/16fERRiES, ShUttlES and taxiS

fERRiES, ShUttlES and taxiS

7Delaware River Waterront Corporation. (2011). Transorming PhiladelphiasWaterront - A Master Plan or the Central Delaware. Philadelphia.8Caltrans District 4 Bicycle Resources. (n.d.). Retrieved March 15, 2013, romCa.gov: http://www.dot.ca.gov/dist4/shuttle.htm

9Virginia Department o Transportation. (n.d.). Virginia DOT Bike Ino.Retrieved March 13, 2013, rom Virginia DOT: http://www.virginiadot.org/programs/bk-ino.a sp

10Drive Over. (n.d.). Retrieved March 13, 2013, rom Maryland TransportationAuthority Bay Bridg e (US50/301): http: //www.baybr idge.com/cms/ index .php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50&Itemid

11East Coast Greeenway Alliance. (n.d.). East Coast Greenway E-News -Augus t 2012. Retr ieved March 15, 2013, rom East Coast Greenway: http: //www.greenway.org/enews/enews_082412.html#midatlantic

Th rvlnk Fy whch povs sasonal y svc btwnPnns Lann n Phlalpha an th Camn Watont allows

bcycls at no xta cha. it s antcpat that utu Phlalpha

Wat Tax Svc wll cay bks but th a no cunt plans

o a coss-v svc at ths tm.7

fERRy SERViCE

Som pvat compans an publc ancs aoun th county

hav aan spcal shuttl svcs to cay pstans an

bcyclsts ov bs. H a som xampls:

Snc th 1970s, th Calona dpatmnt o Tanspotaton

has mantan schul shuttl svcs on bs n th San

Fancsco Bay Aa. Ths shuttls hav bn cutal as publc

tanspotaton optons hav ncas an nw paths hav bn

toftt onto bs. Only th pak hou Bay B Shuttls

man, whch xst u to ush hou stctons on th ons

Bay Aa rap Tanst tans.8

Th Chsapak Bay BTunnl (VA) os a bk shuttl

svc o $12.9

Th Chsapak Bay B (Md) s cyclsts to Knt islan

Shuttl, a pvat shuttl svc whch chas $30 an qus a

24 hou avanc notc.10

Blls Bks n Hav d gac, Md opat a svaton-only

shuttl svc on th rout 40 Hatm B om 2006 to 2012

at a cost o $10 a bk. Ths svc was scontnu n th summ

o 2012 whn Hao County Tanst Buss ban schul bk-

accssbl bus svc ov th b to Pyvll Md.11

ShUttlE SERViCES


11/16

fERRiES, ShUttlES and taxiS

Pvat tax compans sv just about all dlawa rv commu-nts an n thoy a tax coul cay a bcycl an passn

acoss a b. Howv, n pactc wbsts an labl nomaton

about tax ats an polcs a obsolt o fcult to obtan.

Passns a quntly at th mcy o th scton o a v

o spatch whn t coms to cayn bcycls o s acoss

stat lns. Lkly a passn wll hav to mov at last on

whl to t a bcycl n th taxs tunk, as w o no taxs a

qupp wth bk acks. Th bst appoach s quntly to call

spatch an ask a cab coul cay you an you bk.

On notabl xcpton to poo bcycl-tax accommoaton s

th cty o Montal. Th cty, n coopaton wth th avocacy

oup Vlo-Qubc, has ftt slct taxs wth bcycl acks an

stablsh a pckup pocu an a ta o cayn bks

on taxs (s ht). Ths svc maks t convnnt o bcyclsts

to qust a cab wthout woyn about th nconvnnc o

stufn a bk n th tunk o th vhcl.

taxi

fERRiES, ShUttlES and taxiS10


12/16RECOMMEndatiOnS

RECOMMEndatiOnS

cd bd Dlw, d

v d vlbl d bl d

pd pvd lv l bl, w

Dlw Vll d pv bd ?

retrofitting BriDges

B tofttn s on appoach whch os al, but lmt,

oppotunty to mpov b accss o bcycls an pstans.

Ttl 23 Unt Stats Co scton 217 qus that bs bn

plac usn al uns nclu sa accommoaton o bcyclsts:

Bicycle transportation and pedestrian walkways (e) Bridges. In any

case where a highway bridge deck being replaced or rehabilitated

with Federal nancial participation is located on a highway on which

bicycles are permitted to operate at each end o such bridge, and

the Secretary determines that the sae accommodation o bicycles

can be provided at reasonable cost as part o such replacement or

rehabilitation, then such bridge shall be so replaced or rehabilitated

as to provide such sae accommodations.

Whl th lanua o qun bcycl accommoaton appas

ston, t may not apply to dlawa rv Bs as thy a

toll-suppot. Futhmo t can b au that bcycls a not

pmtt on th hhways at ach n o th ntstat bs.

rtofttn bs can b an xpnsv vntu, spcally o

bs bult n th m-20th cntuy whn bs w sn

xclusvly o hhway tafc. Two mthos o an bcycl an

pstan accss lmt xpns by not qun substantal mof-

catons to th stuctu o th b.

On way s to cantlv a pathway onto th b. PnndOT

connct th Schuylkll rv Tal an th paths n Vally Fo

Natonal Pak by buln a naow, nc-n boawalk ov th

b aln on US 422.

Anoth opton s to suspn a bcycl/pstan pathway

unnath th b stuctu. Th Bll isl B n rchmon,

VA s suspn un i-295. Tal dlawa rv bs a ov

navabl wat, thouh, so suspn pathways woul hav to b

stuat at o abov th claanc hht o th b.

oth sides of US 422 bridge originally looked like this

above). PennDOT added a cantilevered pathway to

he west side of the bridge (below), allowing bicycle

nd pedestrian access.


13/16RECOMMEndatiOnS12

RECOMMEndatiOnS

retrofitting BriDges

Fotunatly o ou puposs, most bs

qu a majo ovhaul appoxmatly vy

50 yas. Ths povs an oppotunty to

nclu bcycl an pstan accommoatons

nto th scop o that wok.

Th bs n ou aa o stuy a ap-

poachn ml a. in dlawa County

th Commoo Bay B was complt

n 1974, placn a y that pov bcycl

an pstan accss btwn dlawa an

gloucst Counts. Cuntly th a no

plans to o any tofttn o snfcant

mantnanc on ths b.

Th Btsy ross B, opn n 1976, s

cuntly compltn th nnn wok

o ckn. Unotunatly th wok snt

schul to occu untl 2025, but th lay

allows plnty o tm o th dlawa rv

Pot Authoty to cons bcycl an p-

stan mpovmnts. Th tafc volumso ths b hav nv mt th capacty o

th oaway an th may b an oppotunty

to xplo non-motoz accss. Th b

os hav a svc walkway an w shoul-

s as wll as amp connctons to local stts.

Th th ml-a b, th Bulnton

Bstol B, s a awb only about

23 t w om aln to aln. A 3-oot

svc walk s on th upstam s o

th b. Th a no na-tm plans toplac o ck th b, whch was last

habltat n th aly 1980s, but th sz

o th b mnshs th asblty o a

substantal tot to nclu bcycl an

pstan accss.

in th ollown two pas, w pov commnatons on shot

an lon-tm mofcatons to mpov bcycl an pstan

accss. Thy a oanz by b, wth th sponsbl ancy

o ach mpovmnt ntf n panthss.


14/16RECOMEndatiOnS

drPA Polc o svc vhcls cay bcyclsts an pstans

wth avanc svatons. (drPA)

Conuct a stuy to tmn asblty o placn th

lhtly-us cnt tavl lan wth a bcycl pstan

aclty. (drPA, dlawa County Plannn)

establsh amnts btwn local tax svcs to cay

bcyclsts an pstans btwn Chst an Bpot

Boouh. (drPA, Cty o Chst, Boouh o Bpot)

COMMOdORE BaRRy BRidgE

drPA Polc o svc vhcls cay bcyclsts an

pstans wth avanc svatons. (drPA)

Contact wth local tax compans to tanspot pstans

an bcycls an stablsh omal tax stans n South

Phlalpha an gloucst Cty. (Cty o Phlalpha,

drPA, gloucst Cty)

establsh a tanst conncton btwn South Phlalpha

an gloucst Cty. (SePTA, NJ TrANSiT)

walt whitMan BRidgE

Futh stuy dVrPC commnaton to stablsh

bus svc btwn Pnnsaukn an th Fanko

Tanspotaton Cnt. (SePTA, NJ TrANSiT)

Stuy th ncluson o a bcycl an pstan aclty on

th b as pat o th habltaton plan. (drPA)

BEtSy ROSS BRidgE/philadElphia RiVER waRdS/

pEnnSaUkEn

Th dlawa rv Pot Authoty (drPA)

shoul mak th ollown mpovmnts:

rplac th th-stoy sta tow on th

Camn s o th b wth an AdA

accssbl amp. [dsn wok o th

amp has bun. Constucton coul b

n 2014 an wll tak about on ya to

complt.12]

Mak th appoachs to th b on

both ss mo wlcomn an nvtn

wth btt sna an ncn.

dvlop a snow moval polcy that opn

th walkway as soon as possbl un

wath-lat vnts.

Pov lon hous byon th cunt

sasonal closn tms o 8pm n th wnt

an 9pm n th summ.

Upa scuty systm to allow cossn

at vnn at closu.

rconfu ntanc an xt outs to

th south walkway on th Phlalpha

s. (drPA/Cty o Phlalpha)

BEn fRanklin BRidgE

12Nussbaum, P. (2012, October 19th). DRPA board shufes leadership, approves changes. RetrievedMarch 13, 2013, rom Philly.Com: http://articles.philly.com/2012-10-19/news/34557067_1_david--simon-insurance-and-public-welare-new-jersey-board-members

RECOMMEndatiOnSfor Specic Delaware River Bridges


15/16

RECOMMEndatiOnSfor Specic Delaware River Bridges

establsh a bcycl an pstan-nly appoach to

th bs wstboun swalk on th Phlalpha s.

(PnndOT/Phlalpha Stts dpatmnt/Bulnton

County B Commsson)

Cat an mal alt systm to noty swalk uss o

closus an altnat s opnns. (Bulnton County

B Commsson)

taCOny palMyRa BRidgE

r-stablsh th pactc o polc cayn bcyclsts

an pstans acoss th b wth an avanc

svaton. (Bulnton County B Commsson)

BURlingtOn BRiStOl BRidgE

inclu n th intchan Pojct th popos bcycl

an pstan aclty connctn to th dlawa an

Lhh Tal an th dlawa rv Hta Tal. (PA

Tunpk Authoty, NJ Tunpk Authoty, Bulnton

pEnnSylVania tURnpikE BRidgE

Cons w walkway/bkway n utu

b habltaton. (drJTBC)

waShingtOn CROSSing BRidgE

RECOMMEndatiOnS14

Allow bcyclsts to acoss th b on ts w

walkway. (drJTBC)

impov conncton to bk lans on Wan Stt. (NJ

dOT, Cty o Tnton)

lOwER tREntOn BRidgE

Bul th bcycl an pstan pathway. (drJTBC)

SCUddER fallS BRidgE


16/16

Bcycl an pstan accss acoss th

dlawa rv s stct to v out o

twlv bs an only on allows bcyclsts

to acoss. Tanst svc acoss th v

s almost xclusvly lmt to Phlalpha-

Camn lns an Bucks County-Tnton lns.

ronal plans stss connctvty o bcycl

an pstan tavl, but nvstmnts n ths

ntwoks cannot b ully coup wthout

bs acltatn connctons btwn th

stat ntwoks.

Ths pot outlns low-cost, shot-tm fxs that

woul xpan bcycl an pstan accss.Muncpalts, B Authots, an Nw Jsy

an Pnnsylvana dpatmnts o Tanspotaton

shoul xplo ths solutons whl onal

plannn ancs ncopoat bcycl an p-

stan mpovmnts nto upcomn b

constucton an habltaton pojcts.

Th lon-tm nvstmnt n makn dlawa

bs accssbl to popl tavlln by bcycl

an by oot wll b pa n mpov wat-

ont accss, at conomc vlopmnt

alon ach stats watonts an mo obust

connctvty btwn xstn an vlopn

bcycl an pstan ntwoks n both stats.

rePort ByJohn Boyl (Research Director) an Ashly McKan

etoal uanc: Saah Clak Stuat (Policy Director)

eto: Ncholas Ma (Communications Coordinator)

COnClUSiOn

BiBLiograPhyCaltrans District 4 Bicycle Resources. (n.d.). Retrieved March 15, 2013, Ca.gov: http://www.dot.ca.gov/dist4/shuttle.htm

Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission. (n.d.). Scudder Falls BriPreerred Alternatives. Retrieved March 13, 2013, rom Scudder Falls Bridhttp://scudderallsbridge.com/preerred.htm

Delaware River Port Authority. (n.d.). Retrieved March 13, 2013, rom PAFreedom Card: www.patcoreedomcard.org

Delaware River Waterront Corporation. (2011). Transorming PhiladelphWaterront - A Master Plan or the Central Delaware. Philadelphia.

Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission. (2008). Seamless RegioTransit Access.

Drive Over. (n.d.). Retrieved March 13, 2013, rom Maryland TransportaAuthority Bay Bridge (US50/301): http://www.baybridge.com/cms/inphp?option=com_content&task=view&id=50&Itemid

East Coast Greeenway Alliance. (n.d.). East Coast Greenway E-News - Aug2012. Retrieved March 15, 2013, rom East Coast Greenway: http://wgreenway.org/enews/enews_082412.html#midatlantic

Federal Highway Administration. (n.d.). Attachment B - ROD Bicycle Pedestrian Letter. Retrieved March 13, 2013, rom PA Turnpike / Interchange Project: Selected Alternative: http://www.paturnpikei95.c

pd/ROD_attachB.pd

Google Transit Directions - Pennsauken Light Rail Station to Harbison

Frankord Ave, Philadelphia. (n.d.). Retrieved March 13, 2013, rom GooMaps: http://goo.gl/maps/FBbhL

Nussbaum, P. (2012, October 19th). DRPA board shufes leadership, apprchanges. Retrieved March 13, 2013, rom Philly.Com: http://articles.phcom/2012-10-19/news/34557067_1_david--simon-insurance-and-pubwelare-new-jersey-board-members

PA Turnpike / I-95 Interchange Project : Stages. (n.d.). Retrieved Ma13, 2013, rom PA Turnpike / I-95 Interchange Project Online: http://w

paturnpikei95.com/stages.htm

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crossover: bridge ahead impassable

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