crusades - ethics and comparative religion

Crusades “صلیبی جنگیں”

Ethics and Comparative Religion

Group Members

Mozam Ali

M Umar Farooq

Junaid Afzal

Muhammad Taimur Adil

Abdul Rahman

Ayaz Ishaq

Crusades

Each of a series of medieval military

expeditions made by Europeans to

recover the Holy Land from the

Muslims in the 11th, 12th, and 13th

centuries.

Crusades Background

To ensure Christian dominance over Palestine

especially over Baytul-Maqdis, European

Christians have fought numerous wars which are

referred as “CRUSADES” in charters of history.

These wars were fought in the lands of Palestine

and Syria in the name of Christian .”صلیب“

Crusades Background Contd.

Baytul-Maqdis was under Muslim

control since Hazrat Umar R.A.

Christians didn’t claim this land for

centuries but in end of 11th century

after the fall of Seljuq Empire suddenly

the idea of re-capturing Baytul-Maqdis

evolved in the Christian lobby.

Crusades Background Contd.

For centuries, it has remained a sign

of shame for entire Europe that these

wars were based on conservative

mentality, discrimination, immorality

and cruelty. Even European scholars

testify to these shameful deeds of

European empire.

Reasons of Crusades

Religious

Political

Social

Economical

Religious Reason

Muslims have remained the custodians

of the holy places for centuries, even

when non-Muslims perform their

pilgrimage to their holy places under

Muslim authorities, Muslims have never

failed to facilitate and help visitors.

But when the Islamic Caliphate started to

weaken these people started creating

false stories about bad Muslim attitude

with them.

Political Reason

Islam at its peak had taken over several of the biggest empires of the world.

Africa, Asia, islands of roman sea Spain and Portugal , all these lands were under Muslims.

But then in the 11th century the condition of the Islamic world had changed a lot, the Abaidi sultanate in Egypt was on the verge of decline.

Political Reason Contd.

The Muslim control over Siclihad

weakened.

Christians of the Roman Sea had

gotten powerful.

The crusades were a mutual reaction

of European Christians against the

Muslims political dominance in the

world.

Social Reason

Europe was still under development

as compared to the Muslim world.

In socio-economic point of view,

equality, unity and justice were some

key principles that Muslim culture

enjoyed as opposed to the Christian

European culture, which was still not

in practice for these principles.

Social Reason Contd.

Poor and helpless people were caught

up in different kinds bans non-civilized

rules & regulations.

European system based on land-

lordship system.

The landlords were feasting on the

blood of the poor and the poor had no

rights in the European society.

Economical Reason

The word of prosperity and wealth of

the Islamic world was common in

Europe. Europe still hadn’t witness

these stages of prosperity those were

enjoyed by Eastern Islamic countries.

All of the European elements which

didn’t had any way to earn wealth in

Europe, indulge themselves in such

religious movements.

Pope Urban II Speech

On November 27, 1095, Pope Urban II

makes the most powerful speech of

the Middle Ages, giving rise to the

Crusades by calling all Christians in

Europe to war against Muslims in

order to reclaim the Holy Land, with a

cry of "Deus vult!" or "God wills it!“

after that first crusade has been

started.

First Crusade 1096 - 1099

Location Result

Near East (Palestine) Crusaders Victory

Christian Empire Involved Muslim Empire Involved

Kingdom Of France Saljuq Empire

Roman Empire Abbasid

Christian Leaders Muslim Leaders

Godfrey Imad Ud Din Zangi

Raymond IV Noor Ud Din Zangi

Second Crusade 1147 -

1149Location Result

Near East (Palestine) , Egypt Muslim Victory in Holy Land


Kingdom of Jerusalem Saljuq Empire

Kingdom of France Abbasid


Queen of Jerusalem Imad Ud Din Zangi

Raymond IV Mesud I

Third Crusade 1189 - 1192

Location Result

Near East (Anatolia) Crusaders Victory

Jerusalem remains under

Muslim


Kingdom of Jerusalem Ayyubids, Zengids

Kingdom of England Kingdom of Sicily (Christian

Alliance)


Queen of Jerusalem Saladin Ayyubi

Noor Ud Din Zangi

Raymond IV Issac I and II

Fourth Crusade 1202 -

1204Location Result

Balkans Creation of Latin Empire


Kingdom of France Ayyubids

Roman Empire Bulgarian Empire


Boniface I Kaloyan of Bulgaria

Louis Malik Al-Adil (Ayyubi Sultan)

Children’s Crusades 1212

Also Known as "بچوں کی صلیبی جنگ“

Elders are sinful and child are innocent.

So they would gave us victory.

Location Result

Bait Ul Makdas Badly Defeated

Christian Empire Involved Number of Children

Kingdom of France 30,000

Germany 7,000

Child Leaders

Nicholas of Cologne (Germany)

Stephan of Cloyes (France)

Fifth Crusade 1213 - 1221

Location Result

Egypt and Holy Land Decisive Muslim victory

(8 year peace)


Jerusalem Ayyubids

Roman Empire


Andrew II Al Kamil

Leopold VI

Sixth Crusade 1228 - 1229

Location Result

Cyprus, Near East Diplomatic Crusader victory


Jerusalem Ayyubids


Frederick II Al Kamil

Henry I Aadil Ayubi

Seventh Crusade

Location Result

Al-Mansourah, Egypt Decisive Muslim victory



Knight Templar Bahris


Louis IX As-Salih Ayyub

Robert I Izz al-Din Aybak

Eighth Crusade 1270

Location Result

Tunisia Muslim Victory

Death of Louis I



Hafsids


Louis IX Salah Ud Din Ayyubi

Charles I Muhammad I al-Mustansir

Ninth Crusade 1271 - 1272

Location Result

Near East Crusaders Badly Defeated


Kingdom of France Bahris


Charles I Baibars

Tenth Crusade

Incident of 9/11 in USA

Word “crusade” has been used in G W

Bush interview after this incident

War on terror “Crusade (صلیبی جنگ)”

Europe and Muslim

countries criticized that.

Results of Crusades

These crusades were imposed on

Muslims without any grounds they

didn’t just brought ruin but they also

dragged the entire world into darkness

and annihilation.

These Crusades were fought to take

Palestine into the Christian control but

it went in vain; Palestine remained in

Muslim authority.

Results of Crusades Contd.

The sense of alienation between

Muslim and Christians scholars and

followers is primarily due to these

Crusades. Moreover, the existence of

Israel in Palestinian land in addition to

New World Order is also a link feature

of these Crusades.


When European non-civilized

community came across literate and

highly-civilized Muslims, they couldn’t

help but got astonished. Islamic

civilization revolutionized European

mentality that also led towards

European educational revolution.


The upper-lord / land-lord system was

abolished in Europe and it was

replaced by continuous economic

system.


Goods for goods exchange were

removed and coinage was introduced

in European markets. Moreover,

Industry and profession fields

developed in Europe. Even the

European architecture benefited from

Muslim field of architectural marvels.

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