cryogenian glaciation and the onset of carbon-isotope ......supplementary online materials:...
TRANSCRIPT
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www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/328/5978/608/DC1
Supporting Online Material for
Cryogenian Glaciation and the Onset of Carbon-Isotope Decoupling
Nicholas L. Swanson-Hysell, Catherine V. Rose, Claire C. Calmet, Galen P. Halverson, Matthew T. Hurtgen, Adam C. Maloof*
*To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]
Published 30 April 2010, Science 328, 608 (2010)
DOI: 10.1126/science.1184508
This PDF file includes:
Materials and Methods
Figs. S1 to S4
Table S1
References
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Supplementary Online Materials: Cryogenian glaciation and the onset of carbon-isotope decoupling
S1 Methods
S1.1 δ13Ccarb methods
All samples used in this study were collected in the course of measuring stratigraphic sections or logging
drill core. Samples were chosen so as to minimize veining, fractures, and siliciclastic material. In order to
prepare powders for carbonate carbon isotopic analysis, samples were slabbed perpendicular to laminations,
polished to clarify internal structure and subsampled with 1 mm dental drill bits. At the University of
Michigan Stable Isotope Laboratory, all powders were heated to 200◦C to remove volatile contaminants and
water. Samples were then placed in individual borosilicate reaction vessels and reacted at 76◦C with 3 drops
of H3PO4 in a Finnigan MAT Kiel I preparation device coupled directly to the inlet of a Finnigan MAT 251
triple collector isotope ratio mass spectrometer. δ13C and δ18O data were acquired simultaneously and are
reported in the standard delta notation as the h difference from the VPDB standard. Precision and accuracy
of data are monitored through daily analysis of at least six standards which are run to bracket sample suites
at the beginning, middle, and end of the day’s run. Measured precision is maintained at better than 0.1h
(1σ) for both δ13C and δ18O.
S1.2 δ13Corg methods
Organic carbon isotopic values were obtained from the total organic carbon (TOC) of insoluble residues.
After removing the outside layer of surface oxidation and large veins, whole rock samples were crushed
into powder. Insoluble residues for organic carbon isotope analysis were obtained by acidifying these whole
rock powders in 6N HCl for 24 hours to dissolve all carbonate minerals. Care was taken to ensure that
acid was added and acidification continued until there was absolutely no visible carbonate dissolution so
that the analyses would not be affected by contamination from residual inorganic carbon. The insoluble
residues were then rinsed with DI water, dried and loaded into tin capsules for isotopic analysis. At the
University of Adelaide, samples were flash combusted at 1030◦C in a Fisons Elemental Analyzer. The
1
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resulting CO2 gas was analyzed by continuous flow on a Fisons Optima isotope ratio mass spectrometer.
δ13Corg values were calibrated against in-house glycine and glutamic acid standards with bracketing isotopic
values. Reproducibility (typically better than 0.5h) was verified by duplicate sample analyses and regularly
interspersed in-house sucrose standards (δ13Corg = -25.8h). Values are reported in standard delta notation
relative to VPDB. At Rutgers University, δ13Corg values were obtained on a GVI Isoprime CF-IRMS linked
to a Eurovector elemental analyzer. Isotope ratios were corrected against NBS 22 using the accepted value of
-30.03h (S1). Organic C concentrations were measured using standards with known carbon concentration
and the intensity of masses 44 and 28. Isotope and concentration standards were run following eight sample
unknowns. TOC values for the bulk samples were calculated by combining the carbon concentration data
with measurements of the ratio of insoluble residue to original pre-decarbonated powder.
S2 Data
The isotopic data and total organic carbon values for the N389 field section (23◦31’7"S 134◦26’55.03"E),
C215 and C227 field sections (31◦23’44”S, 138◦51’14”E), and the Wallara-1 stratigraphic drill core (24◦36’55”S,
132◦20’23”E) are presented in Table S1. Previously developed carbon isotope data for the Wallara-1 strati-
graphic drill core show similar trends and absolute values to the new data presented here, but at much lower
resolution (S2). Cross plots of the data from Figure 1 are shown in Figures S1-S4. These plots illustrate
some important features of the data sets.
• Sympathetic shifts between δ13Ccarb and δ13Corg for the Bitter Springs Formation data can be seen
visually in Fig. S1 and result in a high R2 value (0.71) in contrast with the low R2 value (0.22) for the
combine Etina/Trezona results (Fig. S1).
• In the ∆δ13C vs. δ13Ccarb cross plots presented in Fig. S2 the fits to the data from the Trezona Forma-
tion (along with the Wonoka, Shuram and Doushantuo) have high R2 values and slopes approaching
unity. This high correlation combined with the slopes of ∼1 can be explained as a result of the vari-
ability in ∆δ13C primarily being attributable to variation in δ13Ccarb.
• The plots of δ13Corg vs. total organic carbon (TOC) % show that there is no observed dependence
2
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between the values obtained for the isotopes of the organic matter in the samples and the concentration
of that organic matter.
• Knauth and Kennedy (S3) proposed covariation between δ13Ccarb and δ18Ocarb as an index for differ-
entiating between original and altered δ13Ccarb values. The δ18Ocarb values of the Etina and Trezona
Formations are scattered around -10h despite the very large difference in δ13Ccarb values. In the
Bitter Springs data there is no covariation between the large swings in δ13Ccarb values and the scatter
in δ18Ocarb values.
Supplemental References
[S1] T. Coplen, et al., Analytical Chemistry 78, 2439 (2006).
[S2] A. C. Hill, K. Arouri, P. Gorjan, M. R. Walter, in Carbonate Sedimentation and Diagenesis in an
Evolving Precambrian World (SEPM Special Publications, Tulsa, 2000), vol. 67, pp. 327–344.
[S3] L. P. Knauth, M. J. Kennedy, Nature 460, 728 (2009).
3
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-35 -30 -25 -20-6
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
δ13Corg
δ13 C
carb
-35 -30 -25-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
δ13Corg
δ13 C
carb
-30 -25 -200
2
4
6
8
10
δ13Corg
δ13 C
carb
-28 -26 -24 -22 -20 -18
4
6
8
10
12
δ13Corg
δ13 C
carb
-30 -25 -20-12
-10
-8
-6
-4
-2
0
2
δ13Corg
δ13 C
carb
-35 -30 -25 -20 -15-10
-5
0
5
10
δ13Corg
δ13 C
carb
-30 -25 -20 -15-10
-5
0
5
δ13Corg
δ13 C
carb
-40 -35 -30 -25 -20 -15-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
δ13Corg
δ13 C
carb
-35 -30 -25 -20 -15 -10-10
-5
0
5
δ13Corg
δ13 C
carb
syn-Bitter Springs Stage(Wallara1)
post-Bitter Springs Stage(Wallara1)
all Bitter Spring Formation(Wallara1)
Trezona Formation (C215)Etina/Trezona Formation(C215, C227 combined)Etina Formation (C227)
Shuram Formation Doushantuo FormationWonoka Formation
R2=0.13 R2=0.02 R2=0.22
R2=0.17 R2=0.27 R2=0.71
R2=0.06 R2=0.42 R2=0.01
Figure S1: δ13Corg vs. δ13Ccarb for the data presented here from the Bitter Springs, Etina and Trezona Formations as well asdata from the Wonoka Formation (1), the Shuram Formation (2) and the Doushantuo Formation (3) with calculated R2 values.
The syn-Bitter Springs Stage plot is of data from between meter levels 1920 to 1795 of the Wallara-1 stratigraphic drill core while
post-Bitter Springs Stage data is from between meter levels 1790 to 1425. Sample C215-148.3 was excluded as its δ13Corg value
was anomalous in comparison to nearby samples.
4
-
20 25 30 35 40-10
-5
0
5
10
Δδ13C
δ13 C
carb
24 26 28 30
-6
-4
-2
0
Δδ13C
δ13 C
carb
28 30 32 34
2
4
6
8
Δδ13C
δ13 C
carb
25 30 35 400
5
10
15
Δδ13C
δ13 C
carb
10 15 20 25-15
-10
-5
0
Δδ13C
δ13 C
carb
10 20 30 40-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
Δδ13C
δ13 C
carb
10 20 30 40-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
Δδ13C
δ13 C
carb
10 20 30 40-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
Δδ13C
δ13 C
carb
slope= 0.37 [0.29 0.57]intercept=-8.5 [-14.2 -6.2]R2=0.63
slope= 0.50 [-0.68 0.66]intercept=-16.6 [-21.0 15.7]R2=0.63
slope= 0.99 [0.79 1.27]intercept=-26.4 [-35.4 -20.3]R2=0.13
slope= 0.91 [0.81 1.06]intercept=-23.6 [-26.5 -21.7]R2=0.72
slope= 0.49 [-0.53 0.59]intercept=-7.5 [-10.9 25.4]R2=0.07
slope=0.84 [0.46 0.97]intercept=-20.4 [-14.7 -22.3]R2=0.87
slope= 0.72 [0.69 0.75]intercept=-21.6 [-20.9 -22.5]R2=0.92
slope= 0.95 [0.79 1.08]intercept=-26.4 [-29.3 -22.4]R2=0.89
pre-Bitter Springs Stage(N389)
Trezona Formation (C215)Etina Formation (C227)
Shuram Formation Doushantuo FormationWonoka Formation
syn-Bitter Springs Stage(Wallara1)
post-Bitter Springs Stage(Wallara1)
Figure S2: ∆δ13C vs. δ13Ccarb for the data presented here from the Bitter Springs, Etina and Trezona Formations as well as datafrom the Wonoka Formation (1), the Shuram Formation (2) and the Doushantuo Formation (3). The linear fits were computed with
the reduced major axis method and the 95% confidence intervals presented were obtained from 1000 bootstrapped data sets. R2
values are also presented for each data set. The syn-Bitter Springs Stage plot is of data from between meter levels 1920 to 1795
of the Wallara-1 stratigraphic drill core while post-Bitter Springs Stage data is from between meter levels 1790 to 1425. Samples
C227-146.6 and C227-718.0 were excluded from the fit calculated for the Etina data due to anomalous δ13Ccarb values.
5
-
-35 -30 -25 -20 -150
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
0.03
0.035
0.04
δ13Corg
TOC
(%)
-35 -30 -25 -20 -150
0.005
0.01
0.015
0.02
0.025
0.03
0.035
0.04
δ13Corg
TOC
(%)
-35 -30 -25 -20 -150
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
δ13Corg
TOC
(%)
-35 -30 -25 -20 -150
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.1
δ13Corg
TOC
(%)
R2=0.009 R2=0.001
R2=0.048 R2=0.305
Trezona Formation (C215)Etina Formation (C227)
Bitter Springs Formation (N389) Bitter Springs Formation (Wallara1)
Figure S3: Plots of δ13Corg vs. total organic carbon (TOC) %. There is no observed dependence between TOC and the isotopicvalues of the organic matter.
6
-
-15 -10 -5 0 5-10
-5
0
5
10
δ18Ocarb
δ13 C
carb
-15 -10 -5 0 5-10
-5
0
5
10
δ18Ocarb
δ13 C
carb
-15 -10 -5 0 5-10
-5
0
5
10
δ18Ocarb
δ13 C
carb
-15 -10 -5 0 5-10
-5
0
5
10
δ18Ocarb
δ13 C
carb
Trezona Formation (C215)Etina Formation (C227)
Bitter Springs Formation (N389) Bitter Springs Formation (Wallara1)
Figure S4: Plots of δ18Ocarb vs. δ13Ccarb. The variability between the high δ13Ccarb values of the Etina Formation and the lowδ13Ccarb values of the Trezona Formation is not accompanied by a notable shift in δ18Ocarb. Within the Bitter Springs formation
the large shifts in δ13Ccarb show no covariance with δ18Ocarb.
7
-
Table S1: Isotopic data from the Wallara-1 drill core, P8 field section, C215 field section,
C227 field section
section/core stratigraphic level δ13Ccarb δ18Ocarb δ13Corg ∆δ13C TOC % Corg lab sample type
Wallara-1 2000.9∗∗ -1.0 -6.1 dolostone
Wallara-1 2000.8 -1.1 -4.9 dolostone
Wallara-1 2000.7 -27.6 26.5 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1999.5 -28.7 27.2 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1997.6 -1.3 -5.0 dolostone
Wallara-1 1997.6 -1.5 -5.0 dolostone
Wallara-1 1996.7 -1.0 -5.3 -29.0 27.9 0.036 Rutgers dolostone
Wallara-1 1995.4 -0.9 -5.5 dolostone
Wallara-1 1995.0 -1.2 -5.6 dolostone
Wallara-1 1993.7 -0.6 -5.3 dolostone
Wallara-1 1993.3 -0.7 -5.8 dolostone
Wallara-1 1993.2 -29.3 28.5 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1991.5 0.1 -5.3 dolostone
Wallara-1 1990.9 -0.3 -5.5 dolostone
Wallara-1 1990.3 -0.6 -5.5 dolostone
Wallara-1 1988.6 -0.8 -5.2 -30.0 29.3 Adelaide dolostone
Wallara-1 1988.1 0.4 -5.1 dolostone
Wallara-1 1986.4 -0.5 -5.6 dolostone
Wallara-1 1985.5 0.2 -4.9 dolostone
Wallara-1 1984.2 -0.4 -4.7 dolostone
Wallara-1 1983.2 -0.3 -5.9 dolostone
Wallara-1 1981.9†† 0.6 -4.5 -27.7 28.3 0.016 Rutgers dolostone
Wallara-1 1981.5 0.4 -4.8 dolostone
Wallara-1 1980.2 -0.3 -4.0 dolostone
Wallara-1 1979.4 0.2 -5.5 dolostone
Wallara-1 1978.7 -28.6 28.7 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1978.6 0.1 -5.5 dolostone
Wallara-1 1977.1 0.5 -4.2 dolostone
Wallara-1 1976.8 0.7 -4.6 dolostone
Wallara-1 1975.9 -0.6 -5.3 dolostone
Wallara-1 1975.0 0.2 -4.4 dolostone
Wallara-1 1973.8∗∗ -28.0 28.8 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1973.7 0.8 -5.3 dolostone
Wallara-1 1972.4 0.9 -5.0 dolostone
Wallara-1 1972.3 -26.5 27.7 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1972.2 1.2 -5.3 dolostone
8
-
Table S1: Isotopic data from the Wallara-1 drill core, P8 field section, C215 field section,
C227 field section cont.
section/core stratigraphic level δ13Ccarb δ18Ocarb δ13Corg ∆δ13C TOC % Corg lab sample type
Wallara-1 1971.7 1.2 -5.4 dolostone
Wallara-1 1970.5 0.4 -4.8 dolostone
Wallara-1 1969.9 1.1 -5.0 dolostone
Wallara-1 1969.2 -27.5 28.6 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1968.8 1.6 -5.5 dolostone
Wallara-1 1967.6 1.7 -5.7 dolostone
Wallara-1 1967.5 1.7 -5.8 dolostone
Wallara-1 1966.0∗∗ -1.3 -5.6 dolostone
Wallara-1 1965.3 0.4 -4.4 dolostone
Wallara-1 1963.8 0.8 -2.7 dolostone
Wallara-1 1963.2 1.0 -2.6 dolostone
Wallara-1 1961.9 1.3 -3.1 dolostone
Wallara-1 1961.9 -27.0 28.3 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1961.3 1.6 -3.3 dolostone
Wallara-1 1960.0 1.9 -2.2 -27.6 29.5 Adelaide dolostone
Wallara-1 1958.8 2.0 -2.3 dolostone
Wallara-1 1958.1 2.0 -2.6 dolostone
Wallara-1 1957.2 2.2 -3.2 dolostone
Wallara-1 1956.3 2.6 -2.0 dolostone
Wallara-1 1955.3 -28.3 32.4 0.109 Rutgers insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1954.2 4.1 -2.7 dolostone
Wallara-1 1953.5 4.2 -3.4 -27.0 0.014 Rutgers dolostone
Wallara-1 1952.0 4.8 -5.0 -26.6 31.4 dolostone
Wallara-1 1951.3 4.6 -4.5 dolostone
Wallara-1 1950.6 4.7 -2.5 dolostone
Wallara-1 1950.1∗∗ 4.4 -4.4 dolostone
Wallara-1 1949.6 -26.0 26.0 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1947.5 6.5 -1.7 dolostone
Wallara-1 1947.1 6.6 -3.5 -26.5 33.1 Adelaide dolostone
Wallara-1 1946.1∗∗ 6.4 -5.8 -27.3 33.7 0.014 Rutgers dolostone
Wallara-1 1938.2∗∗ 4.8 -2.7 -25.3 30.1 0.006 Rutgers dolostone
Wallara-1 1937.0 1.3 -5.2 -29.1 0.076 Rutgers dolostone
Wallara-1 1936.3 -27.5 28.8 insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1936.2 1.3 -6.3 dolostone
Wallara-1 1935.6 1.5 -5.6 dolostone
Wallara-1 1934.3 0.5 -5.3 dolostone
Wallara-1 1934.0 -25.7 26.2 Adelaide insoluble residue
9
-
Table S1: Isotopic data from the Wallara-1 drill core, P8 field section, C215 field section,
C227 field section cont.
section/core stratigraphic level δ13Ccarb δ18Ocarb δ13Corg ∆δ13C TOC % Corg lab sample type
Wallara-1 1933.4 0.1 -5.4 dolostone
Wallara-1 1932.2 -0.7 -5.7 dolostone
Wallara-1 1931.3 -1.1 -5.8 dolostone
Wallara-1 1931.1 -27.2 26.1 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1930.6 -1.1 -5.7 dolostone
Wallara-1 1929.6 -1.5 -6.0 dolostone
Wallara-1 1928.6 -1.8 -6.0 dolostone
Wallara-1 1928.3 -1.3 -5.6 dolostone
Wallara-1 1927.3 -1.3 -5.5 dolostone
Wallara-1 1926.6 -1.3 -5.7 dolostone
Wallara-1 1926.0 -1.1 -5.7 dolostone
Wallara-1 1924.1 -27.4 26.2 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1923.1 -1.2 -5.2 dolostone
Wallara-1 1922.3 -1.1 -6.0 -30.7 29.6 0.063 Rutgers dolostone
Wallara-1 1920.7 -1.3 -5.7 dolostone
Wallara-1 1920.0 -1.5 -5.6 -30.0 28.6 0.034 Rutgers dolostone
Wallara-1 1919.3 -1.5 -5.8 dolostone
Wallara-1 1917.9 -1.5 -5.5 dolostone
Wallara-1 1917.2 -1.9 -5.5 dolostone
Wallara-1 1916.4 -1.6 -5.8 dolostone
Wallara-1 1914.6 -1.5 -5.7 dolostone
Wallara-1 1913.2 -2.1 -5.2 -30.1 28.0 0.053 Rutgers dolostone
Wallara-1 1912.6 -2.2 -5.5 dolostone
Wallara-1 1911.5 -2.3 -5.1 dolostone
Wallara-1 1910.4 -2.3 -5.6 dolostone
Wallara-1 1909.6 -2.4 -5.7 dolostone
Wallara-1 1908.4 -2.4 -5.5 dolostone
Wallara-1 1908.1 -28.4 26.0 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1907.5 -2.8 -5.1 dolostone
Wallara-1 1906.5 -3.2 -6.1 dolostone
Wallara-1 1905.9 -3.2 -6.0 dolostone
Wallara-1 1904.8 -2.6 -4.5 dolostone
Wallara-1 1904.0 -2.6 -5.5 dolostone
Wallara-1 1901.6 -3.2 -5.4 dolostone
Wallara-1 1901.1 -2.8 -5.9 dolostone
Wallara-1 1900.8 -29.1 26.3 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1899.8 -3.5 -5.7 dolostone
10
-
Table S1: Isotopic data from the Wallara-1 drill core, P8 field section, C215 field section,
C227 field section cont.
section/core stratigraphic level δ13Ccarb δ18Ocarb δ13Corg ∆δ13C TOC % Corg lab sample type
Wallara-1 1898.6 -3.2 -6.0 dolostone
Wallara-1 1897.5 -2.9 -5.9 dolostone
Wallara-1 1896.5 -2.9 -5.8 dolostone
Wallara-1 1896.3 -2.9 -5.9 -30.8 27.9 0.061 Rutgers dolostone
Wallara-1 1895.2 -2.9 -6.0 dolostone
Wallara-1 1893.5 -3.2 -5.8 dolostone
Wallara-1 1891.9 -2.9 -5.1 dolostone
Wallara-1 1891.8 -30.9 28.0 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1891.2 -2.9 -5.1 dolostone
Wallara-1 1890.7 -3.1 -5.3 dolostone
Wallara-1 1890.2 -3.0 -5.5 dolostone
Wallara-1 1889.2 -3.1 -5.5 dolostone
Wallara-1 1888.2 -3.1 -4.8 dolostone
Wallara-1 1887.6 -3.1 -5.3 dolostone
Wallara-1 1886.2 -3.2 -5.0 dolostone
Wallara-1 1886.1 -28.3 25.1 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1885.9 -3.4 -5.6 dolostone
Wallara-1 1884.9 -3.7 -6.1 dolostone
Wallara-1 1883.2 -3.7 -5.3 dolostone
Wallara-1 1882.3 -3.1 -5.8 dolostone
Wallara-1 1882.0∗∗∗ -2.9 -9.8 limestone
Wallara-1 1881.2 -3.5 -5.8 dolostone
Wallara-1 1880.1 -4.1 -5.2 dolostone
Wallara-1 1878.8 -4.2 -4.8 dolostone
Wallara-1 1878.3 -4.0 -5.1 dolostone
Wallara-1 1877.8 -4.1 -5.0 dolostone
Wallara-1 1877.6 -3.4 -5.1 dolostone
Wallara-1 1876.4∗∗ -3.8 -5.3 -30.9 27.1 Adelaide dolostone
Wallara-1 1874.9 -3.1 -4.6 dolostone
Wallara-1 1874.3 -3.1 -3.5 dolostone
Wallara-1 1874.2 -30.7 27.6 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1872.8 -2.8 -3.2 dolostone
Wallara-1 1872.4 -3.1 -4.7 dolostone
Wallara-1 1871.3 -2.9 -4.7 dolostone
Wallara-1 1870.6 -3.2 -4.9 dolostone
Wallara-1 1869.3 -3.0 -4.2 dolostone
Wallara-1 1868.8 -31.0 27.9 Adelaide insoluble residue
11
-
Table S1: Isotopic data from the Wallara-1 drill core, P8 field section, C215 field section,
C227 field section cont.
section/core stratigraphic level δ13Ccarb δ18Ocarb δ13Corg ∆δ13C TOC % Corg lab sample type
Wallara-1 1868.1 -3.1 -3.7 dolostone
Wallara-1 1867.1 -2.9 -4.9 dolostone
Wallara-1 1866.6 -3.2 -5.1 dolostone
Wallara-1 1865.9 -3.1 -3.5 dolostone
Wallara-1 1865.5 -3.4 -4.7 dolostone
Wallara-1 1865.0 -3.5 -5.0 dolostone
Wallara-1 1864.2 -29.9 26.4 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1862.8 -3.5 -4.7 dolostone
Wallara-1 1862.4 -3.8 -4.9 dolostone
Wallara-1 1861.3 -4.0 -4.9 dolostone
Wallara-1 1861.0 -3.6 -4.3 dolostone
Wallara-1 1859.8 -4.1 -5.0 -32.1 28.0 0.145 Rutgers dolostone
Wallara-1 1859.2 -3.9 -4.6 dolostone
Wallara-1 1857.6 -4.0 -4.9 dolostone
Wallara-1 1857.1 -3.6 -5.0 dolostone
Wallara-1 1855.7 -31.5 28.0 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1855.2 -3.6 -4.6 dolostone
Wallara-1 1855.0 -3.5 -5.2 dolostone
Wallara-1 1853.7 -3.4 -4.8 dolostone
Wallara-1 1853.4 -3.1 -4.7 dolostone
Wallara-1 1850.2 -3.4 -4.8 dolostone
Wallara-1 1849.5 -3.1 -4.3 dolostone
Wallara-1 1848.2 -3.3 -4.2 dolostone
Wallara-1 1846.2 -2.3 -3.6 dolostone
Wallara-1 1846.0 -3.1 -4.3 dolostone
Wallara-1 1845.4 -3.1 -4.6 dolostone
Wallara-1 1844.7 -3.0 -4.3 dolostone
Wallara-1 1844.3 -31.0 28.0 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1843.4 -3.1 -4.5 dolostone
Wallara-1 1842.2 -2.9 -5.1 dolostone
Wallara-1 1841.4 -3.1 -5.3 dolostone
Wallara-1 1840.7 -3.1 -4.1 dolostone
Wallara-1 1839.6 -3.1 -4.1 -31.0 27.9 Adelaide dolostone
Wallara-1 1838.7 -3.4 -4.9 dolostone
Wallara-1 1838.2 -2.9 -5.4 dolostone
Wallara-1 1837.2 -32.3 29.4 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1836.6 -2.4 -3.5 dolostone
12
-
Table S1: Isotopic data from the Wallara-1 drill core, P8 field section, C215 field section,
C227 field section cont.
section/core stratigraphic level δ13Ccarb δ18Ocarb δ13Corg ∆δ13C TOC % Corg lab sample type
Wallara-1 1834.7 -2.5 -4.8 dolostone
Wallara-1 1833.5 -2.4 -4.5 dolostone
Wallara-1 1833.3 -30.2 27.6 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1833.2 -2.6 -4.4 dolostone
Wallara-1 1832.0 -2.6 -4.2 dolostone
Wallara-1 1831.7 -2.7 -3.8 dolostone
Wallara-1 1831.2 -2.7 -4.3 dolostone
Wallara-1 1829.9 -2.9 -3.7 dolostone
Wallara-1 1829.1 -31.8 28.8 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1828.5 -3.2 -4.5 dolostone
Wallara-1 1827.0 -3.6 -4.6 dolostone
Wallara-1 1826.8 -3.6 -4.5 dolostone
Wallara-1 1825.9∗∗ -28.9 26.2 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1825.4 -2.7 -3.5 dolostone
Wallara-1 1824.7 -2.8 -4.0 dolostone
Wallara-1 1823.1 -2.6 -4.3 dolostone
Wallara-1 1823.0 -29.8 27.3 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1821.3 -2.5 -5.0 dolostone
Wallara-1 1820.9∗∗ -2.5 -4.8 -30.4 27.9 Adelaide dolostone
Wallara-1 1819.9 -2.2 -4.7 dolostone
Wallara-1 1818.5 -2.6 -4.9 dolostone
Wallara-1 1818.0 -29.8 27.2 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1817.3 -2.8 -6.1 dolostone
Wallara-1 1817.0 -28.3 25.5 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1815.7 -2.4 -5.2 dolostone
Wallara-1 1814.4 -2.7 -6.0 dolostone
Wallara-1 1813.3 -29.7 27.0 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1813.0 -30.0 27.5 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1812.4 -2.5 -6.0 dolostone
Wallara-1 1811.0 -2.0 -5.9 dolostone
Wallara-1 1810.5 -2.4 -6.6 dolostone
Wallara-1 1809.6 -2.5 -5.7 dolostone
Wallara-1 1807.7 -3.5 -6.2 dolostone
Wallara-1 1807.6 -30.1 26.6 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1805.7 -2.0 -6.1 dolostone
Wallara-1 1804.4 -2.5 -5.3 -30.4 27.9 0.016 Rutgers dolostone
Wallara-1 1802.7 -2.3 -5.9 dolostone
13
-
Table S1: Isotopic data from the Wallara-1 drill core, P8 field section, C215 field section,
C227 field section cont.
section/core stratigraphic level δ13Ccarb δ18Ocarb δ13Corg ∆δ13C TOC % Corg lab sample type
Wallara-1 1801.0 -2.0 -6.1 dolostone
Wallara-1 1799.2 -2.0 -5.5 dolostone
Wallara-1 1798.0 -2.1 -5.7 -29.8 27.8 0.030 Rutgers dolostone
Wallara-1 1796.7 -3.1 -7.5 dolostone
Wallara-1 1794.0 -1.8 -4.6 dolostone
Wallara-1 1793.0 -1.5 -4.3 -26.8 25.3 0.007 Adelaide dolostone
Wallara-1 1791.4 -1.8 -4.5 dolostone
Wallara-1 1750.2 -26.7 32.4 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1750.0 5.7 -2.5 dolostone
Wallara-1 1743.0 4.9 -2.5 dolostone
Wallara-1 1743.0 -27.2 32.1 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1742.7 5.1 -2.6 dolostone
Wallara-1 1742.5 -26.3 31.8 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1742.4 5.6 -3.4 dolostone
Wallara-1 1741.3 5.0 -5.9 limestone
Wallara-1 1740.6 5.0 -6.0 limestone
Wallara-1 1740.3 5.1 -6.1 limestone
Wallara-1 1739.3 5.6 -5.5 limestone
Wallara-1 1738.5 5.1 -6.1 limestone
Wallara-1 1737.7 5.9 -5.7 limestone
Wallara-1 1736.8 -25.9 31.3 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1735.7 5.5 -5.5 limestone
Wallara-1 1734.2 6.1 -4.9 limestone
Wallara-1 1733.6 5.9 -5.0 limestone
Wallara-1 1733.0 6.0 -5.1 limestone
Wallara-1 1732.9 -26.3 32.3 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1732.0 5.8 -4.9 limestone
Wallara-1 1730.9 5.4 -5.3 limestone
Wallara-1 1729.6 5.3 -3.3 dolostone
Wallara-1 1728.8 5.0 -2.5 -27.9 32.9 Adelaide dolostone
Wallara-1 1727.8 -26.7 31.6 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1727.7 4.9 -2.7 dolostone
Wallara-1 1726.4 4.8 -5.5 limestone
Wallara-1 1723.3 3.8 -2.1 dolostone
Wallara-1 1723.3 -27.0 30.8 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1721.2 4.1 -3.7 dolostone
Wallara-1 1721.2 -26.6 30.8 Adelaide insoluble residue
14
-
Table S1: Isotopic data from the Wallara-1 drill core, P8 field section, C215 field section,
C227 field section cont.
section/core stratigraphic level δ13Ccarb δ18Ocarb δ13Corg ∆δ13C TOC % Corg lab sample type
Wallara-1 1720.3 3.9 -5.2 dolostone
Wallara-1 1719.1 4.1 -2.6 dolostone
Wallara-1 1718.0 1.1 -11.7 limestone
Wallara-1 1709.7 5.6 -1.8 dolostone
Wallara-1 1709.7 -27.4 33.0 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1707.5 5.5 -2.1 dolostone
Wallara-1 1704.7 4.9 -8.7 limestone
Wallara-1 1703.8∗∗ -26.6 31.4 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1703.7 4.8 -6.6 limestone
Wallara-1 1703.3 4.7 -6.7 limestone
Wallara-1 1702.3 5.8 -3.3 dolostone
Wallara-1 1701.9 5.9 -1.5 dolostone
Wallara-1 1701.9 -24.4 30.2 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1700.7 5.1 -3.8 dolostone
Wallara-1 1695.6 5.3 -2.8 dolostone
Wallara-1 1695.4 5.1 -2.4 dolostone
Wallara-1 1695.3 -21.5 26.9 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1673.9 3.8 -6.6 limestone
Wallara-1 1673.6 4.1 -6.4 limestone
Wallara-1 1673.2 4.3 -6.8 limestone
Wallara-1 1671.9 3.9 -9.5 limestone
Wallara-1 1671.3 3.6 -9.2 limestone
Wallara-1 1671.1†† 3.7 -7.7 -25.3 29.0 0.006 Rutgers limestone
Wallara-1 1671.0 4.3 -3.7 dolostone
Wallara-1 1670.9 3.6 -3.0 dolostone
Wallara-1 1665.2 4.3 -8.2 -25.8 30.1 0.006 Adelaide limestone
Wallara-1 1664.8 4.7 -7.5 limestone
Wallara-1 1664.0 4.9 -10.4 limestone
Wallara-1 1662.9 4.8 -11.4 limestone
Wallara-1 1659.8∗∗∗ -25.8 31.9 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1659.3 6.1 -10.1 limestone
Wallara-1 1658.6 6.0 -10.5 limestone
Wallara-1 1658.3 7.1 -5.6 dolostone
Wallara-1 1657.8 6.2 -12.7 limestone
Wallara-1 1654.4 4.4 -3.5 dolostone
Wallara-1 1652.5 4.6 -5.1 dolostone
Wallara-1 1648.4 5.8 -4.8 -25.1 30.9 0.021 Rutgers dolostone
15
-
Table S1: Isotopic data from the Wallara-1 drill core, P8 field section, C215 field section,
C227 field section cont.
section/core stratigraphic level δ13Ccarb δ18Ocarb δ13Corg ∆δ13C TOC % Corg lab sample type
Wallara-1 1645.6 5.6 -4.0 dolostone
Wallara-1 1644.2 4.8 -6.7 dolostone
Wallara-1 1643.8 5.7 -4.9 dolostone
Wallara-1 1642.3 6.7 -2.9 -25.5 32.2 0.014 Rutgers dolostone
Wallara-1 1641.8 7.3 -8.3 dolostone
Wallara-1 1640.5∗∗∗ 6.8 -6.9 limestone
Wallara-1 1639.5 -26.1 32.8 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1639.4 6.7 -7.2 limestone
Wallara-1 1638.7 7.3 -5.9 dolostone
Wallara-1 1637.5 6.7 -5.5 dolostone
Wallara-1 1637.1 6.7 -3.2 dolostone
Wallara-1 1635.8 7.2 -7.0 dolostone
Wallara-1 1634.9∗∗∗∗ -24.6 31.3 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1634.8 6.7 -6.8 limestone
Wallara-1 1633.4 6.1 -8.4 limestone
Wallara-1 1632.6 4.7 -6.4 dolostone
Wallara-1 1632.1 7.0 -4.0 dolostone
Wallara-1 1632.0∗∗ -22.2 29.2 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1631.3 6.8 -3.4 dolostone
Wallara-1 1630.1 7.6 -6.6 limestone
Wallara-1 1629.2 5.4 -2.5 dolostone
Wallara-1 1628.3 5.8 -2.2 -25.5 31.4 0.048 Rutgers dolostone
Wallara-1 1626.2 7.0 -7.9 limestone
Wallara-1 1625.1 7.1 -8.3 limestone
Wallara-1 1624.0 6.9 -6.9 limestone
Wallara-1 1623.0 6.5 -7.1 limestone
Wallara-1 1622.0 6.9 -7.1 limestone
Wallara-1 1621.0 6.9 -5.8 dolostone
Wallara-1 1620.5 -24.1 30.8 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1620.4 6.7 -4.8 limestone
Wallara-1 1619.3 6.4 -2.8 dolostone
Wallara-1 1618.8 6.8 -3.2 dolostone
Wallara-1 1617.4 5.5 -3.8 limestone
Wallara-1 1617.0 7.3 -7.6 limestone
Wallara-1 1615.9 5.5 -7.9 -27.2 32.7 0.041 Rutgers limestone
Wallara-1 1614.7 4.1 -1.8 dolostone
Wallara-1 1613.1 5.1 -2.9 dolostone
16
-
Table S1: Isotopic data from the Wallara-1 drill core, P8 field section, C215 field section,
C227 field section cont.
section/core stratigraphic level δ13Ccarb δ18Ocarb δ13Corg ∆δ13C TOC % Corg lab sample type
Wallara-1 1611.7 6.2 -7.0 limestone
Wallara-1 1610.7 4.1 -2.5 dolostone
Wallara-1 1609.8 5.8 -4.1 -26.8 32.6 0.055 Rutgers dolostone
Wallara-1 1608.8 6.9 -8.6 limestone
Wallara-1 1608.0 7.2 -7.1 limestone
Wallara-1 1607.0 6.8 -7.9 limestone
Wallara-1 1605.9 6.5 -8.1 limestone
Wallara-1 1604.9 6.0 -7.9 limestone
Wallara-1 1604.0 6.1 -8.0 limestone
Wallara-1 1603.0 6.1 -8.1 limestone
Wallara-1 1602.1 6.3 -7.0 limestone
Wallara-1 1601.5 6.3 -6.7 dolostone
Wallara-1 1600.9 4.9 -10.4 limestone
Wallara-1 1594.8 4.2 -3.5 dolostone
Wallara-1 1591.0 4.4 -4.1 dolostone
Wallara-1 1590.9∗∗ -27.1 31.5 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1590.3 5.2 -4.0 dolostone
Wallara-1 1589.4 4.6 -5.5 dolostone
Wallara-1 1587.6 4.1 -4.8 -25.8 29.8 0.038 Rutgers dolostone
Wallara-1 1586.6 4.2 -5.4 dolostone
Wallara-1 1581.1 -27.8 33.3 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1581.0 5.6 -3.8 dolostone
Wallara-1 1580.0 6.2 -4.0 dolostone
Wallara-1 1579.8 6.1 -5.0 dolostone
Wallara-1 1578.2 5.5 -4.9 dolostone
Wallara-1 1577.9 4.9 -5.3 dolostone
Wallara-1 1577.4 5.1 -5.5 dolostone
Wallara-1 1576.5 4.5 -5.0 dolostone
Wallara-1 1570.0 4.5 -4.0 -26.2 30.7 0.013 Rutgers dolostone
Wallara-1 1569.0 4.7 -4.6 dolostone
Wallara-1 1567.9 4.7 -4.0 dolostone
Wallara-1 1567.5 4.3 -5.5 dolostone
Wallara-1 1567.1 4.0 -5.6 dolostone
Wallara-1 1566.6 3.3 -3.3 dolostone
Wallara-1 1562.8 4.8 -4.8 dolostone
Wallara-1 1561.6 4.3 -5.4 dolostone
Wallara-1 1560.2 3.4 -7.7 dolostone
17
-
Table S1: Isotopic data from the Wallara-1 drill core, P8 field section, C215 field section,
C227 field section cont.
section/core stratigraphic level δ13Ccarb δ18Ocarb δ13Corg ∆δ13C TOC % Corg lab sample type
Wallara-1 1559.2∗∗ 4.6 -5.0 -26.9 31.5 0.058 Rutgers dolostone
Wallara-1 1558.3 4.6 -5.5 dolostone
Wallara-1 1557.6 4.0 -5.2 dolostone
Wallara-1 1548.3∗∗ -27.2 31.8 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1548.0 4.6 -5.1 dolostone
Wallara-1 1543.0 4.8 -5.6 dolostone
Wallara-1 1542.8 -27.2 32.0 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1542.1 4.6 -5.9 dolostone
Wallara-1 1541.3 4.4 -5.8 dolostone
Wallara-1 1540.5 4.3 -6.1 dolostone
Wallara-1 1540.4 -26.8 31.1 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1539.1 3.3 -5.2 dolostone
Wallara-1 1538.5 4.3 -4.9 dolostone
Wallara-1 1537.0 3.9 -4.5 -25.9 29.8 0.054 Rutgers dolostone
Wallara-1 1536.5 3.8 -5.6 dolostone
Wallara-1 1535.0 2.0 -4.8 dolostone
Wallara-1 1498.7 3.8 -4.0 dolostone
Wallara-1 1498.0 3.6 -4.2 dolostone
Wallara-1 1497.1 3.6 -4.3 -28.1 31.8 0.022 Rutgers dolostone
Wallara-1 1495.0 3.6 -6.3 dolostone
Wallara-1 1494.1∗∗ -28.5 32.3 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1494.0 3.8 -4.1 dolostone
Wallara-1 1493.6 3.6 -3.9 dolostone
Wallara-1 1492.4 3.4 -5.2 -28.3 31.7 0.021 Rutgers dolostone
Wallara-1 1491.6 3.3 -4.4 dolostone
Wallara-1 1490.7 3.1 -4.8 dolostone
Wallara-1 1489.7 2.7 -8.8 dolostone
Wallara-1 1486.1 2.5 -4.4 -26.6 29.1 0.013 Rutgers dolostone
Wallara-1 1459.0 4.8 -5.0 dolostone
Wallara-1 1455.6 4.9 -4.5 dolostone
Wallara-1 1455.5 5.0 -1.2 dolostone
Wallara-1 1453.3 4.7 -4.7 dolostone
Wallara-1 1451.1 5.0 -4.1 dolostone
Wallara-1 1450.3 4.1 -3.1 dolostone
Wallara-1 1449.6 3.5 -2.2 dolostone
Wallara-1 1446.5 2.6 -3.3 dolostone
Wallara-1 1445.4 2.8 -3.9 dolostone
18
-
Table S1: Isotopic data from the Wallara-1 drill core, P8 field section, C215 field section,
C227 field section cont.
section/core stratigraphic level δ13Ccarb δ18Ocarb δ13Corg ∆δ13C TOC % Corg lab sample type
Wallara-1 1440.7 2.7 -0.9 dolostone
Wallara-1 1438.2 3.8 -3.2 dolostone
Wallara-1 1435.2 3.8 -4.2 dolostone
Wallara-1 1434.4 4.2 -2.6 dolostone
Wallara-1 1434.1 -26.4 30.6 insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1433.1 4.3 -1.9 dolostone
Wallara-1 1430.1 4.8 -3.3 dolostone
Wallara-1 1430.1 -28.2 33.0 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1430.0 4.7 -3.9 dolostone
Wallara-1 1428.7 4.5 -3.7 dolostone
Wallara-1 1428.4 4.3 -4.2 dolostone
Wallara-1 1428.4 -27.5 31.8 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1427.5 3.6 -2.8 dolostone
Wallara-1 1427.2 -28.2 31.8 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1426.4∗∗ -27.6 31.5 Adelaide insoluble residue
Wallara-1 1426.3 3.9 -3.7 dolostone
Wallara-1 1425.5 3.3 -3.6 dolostone
Wallara-1 1425.4∗∗ 3.2 -4.5 dolostone
Wallara-1 1424.3∗∗ 4.3 0.5 dolostone
N389 33.4 1.9 -3.5 -26.6 28.6 0.034 Adelaide dolostone
N389 34.6 2.0 -3.8 dolostone
N389 59.2 2.6 -2.8 dolostone
N389 59.6 1.1 -2.6 dolostone
N389 61.5†† 2.1 -2.8 -29.2 31.2 0.028 Adelaide dolostone
N389 62.5∗∗ 1.9 -2.7 dolostone
N389 64.1 2.6 -2.3 dolostone
N389 65.3 2.2 -2.7 dolostone
N389 66.1∗∗ 1.7 -2.3 dolostone
N389 68.2 2.2 -3.0 dolostone
N389 69.7 3.1 -3.0 dolostone
N389 70.8 2.9 -2.6 dolostone
N389 72.7 2.1 -3.5 dolostone
N389 75.0 1.8 -2.7 dolostone
N389 76.4∗∗ 1.9 -2.7 dolostone
N389 77.1 1.6 -2.4 dolostone
N389 77.9 2.9 -3.5 -25.5 28.4 0.003 Adelaide dolostone
N389 78.3 1.1 -3.0 dolostone
19
-
Table S1: Isotopic data from the Wallara-1 drill core, P8 field section, C215 field section,
C227 field section cont.
section/core stratigraphic level δ13Ccarb δ18Ocarb δ13Corg ∆δ13C TOC % Corg lab sample type
N389 79.8∗∗ 0.0 -3.7 dolostone
N389 83.4 0.4 -2.3 dolostone
N389 85.4 1.3 -2.3 dolostone
N389 86.3 0.9 -2.3 -24.8 25.7 0.023 Adelaide dolostone
N389 87.3 -0.0 -2.9 dolostone
N389 87.9 0.0 -2.7 dolostone
N389 89.3 0.4 -3.0 dolostone
N389 88.4 3.2 -2.8 dolostone
N389 90.4 0.9 -1.9 dolostone
N389 91.0 0.6 -2.6 dolostone
N389 92.3 0.8 -2.8 dolostone
N389 94.4∗∗ 1.1 -3.0 dolostone
N389 97.5†† 2.8 -2.9 -26.1 28.9 0.040 Adelaide dolostone
N389 98.2 1.4 -2.4 dolostone
N389 99.6 2.2 -2.1 dolostone
N389 103.4 2.3 -2.1 dolostone
N389 106.2 1.1 -5.0 dolostone
N389 109.0 1.9 -2.7 dolostone
N389 111.0 1.7 -3.4 dolostone
N389 114.3 2.9 -2.8 dolostone
N389 115.4†† 3.1 -1.8 -26.8 30.0 0.032 Adelaide dolostone
N389 117.6∗∗ 2.1 -2.5 dolostone
N389 119.2∗∗ 2.7 -2.5 dolostone
N389 120.8 2.3 -2.6 dolostone
N389 123.2 1.5 -2.3 dolostone
N389 124.2 0.6 -2.0 dolostone
N389 139.0 1.9 -2.8 dolostone
N389 141.1 3.0 -2.1 dolostone
N389 142.1 3.3 -1.9 -30.9 34.3 0.028 Adelaide dolostone
N389 143.7 2.7 -2.5 dolostone
N389 145.8 3.5 -3.3 dolostone
N389 148.3 2.9 -1.9 dolostone
N389 149.9∗∗ 3.2 -2.1 dolostone
N389 152.3 2.8 -2.2 dolostone
N389 153.4 2.6 -2.2 dolostone
N389 155.4 3.2 -2.5 dolostone
N389 156.2 2.9 -1.9 -25.0 27.8 0.022 Adelaide dolostone
20
-
Table S1: Isotopic data from the Wallara-1 drill core, P8 field section, C215 field section,
C227 field section cont.
section/core stratigraphic level δ13Ccarb δ18Ocarb δ13Corg ∆δ13C TOC % Corg lab sample type
N389 157.8 3.0 -2.1 dolostone
N389 158.9 3.0 -2.4 dolostone
N389 161.2∗∗ 3.0 -1.9 dolostone
N389 162.7 2.8 -2.3 dolostone
N389 164.1 3.4 -1.8 dolostone
N389 165.9 4.0 -1.7 dolostone
N389 168.8 3.2 -1.3 dolostone
N389 170.1 2.6 -2.2 dolostone
N389 170.9†† 2.1 -1.7 -27.3 29.4 0.030 Adelaide dolostone
N389 173.7 1.8 -1.8 dolostone
N389 176.9 2.1 -1.6 dolostone
N389 179.0 2.8 -1.8 dolostone
N389 180.4 1.7 -1.5 dolostone
N389 181.8†† 0.9 -2.2 -25.9 26.7 0.010 Adelaide dolostone
N389 184.3 3.0 -1.5 dolostone
N389 186.3∗∗ 2.8 -2.5 dolostone
N389 187.7 2.9 -1.1 dolostone
N389 188.4 3.1 -2.7 dolostone
N389 190.1 2.9 -1.8 -26.6 29.5 0.006 Adelaide dolostone
N389 193.1 3.5 -1.5 dolostone
N389 195.4 3.4 -1.4 dolostone
N389 198.2 2.8 -1.6 dolostone
N389 200.3 3.0 -1.7 dolostone
N389 201.3 2.8 -1.5 dolostone
N389 203.4 2.2 -1.8 dolostone
N389 204.5 2.1 -1.5 dolostone
N389 207.0 1.9 -1.3 dolostone
N389 208.9 1.2 -1.4 dolostone
N389 210.1†† 1.9 -1.8 -27.7 29.6 0.029 Adelaide dolostone
N389 211.6 -0.2 -1.9 dolostone
N389 214.7 0.7 -1.8 dolostone
N389 215.7 -0.4 -3.6 dolostone
N389 216.8†† 0.3 -1.7 -25.9 26.2 0.078 Adelaide dolostone
N389 219.0 1.2 -1.2 dolostone
N389 219.0 1.2 -1.2 dolostone
N389 221.2 -0.0 -3.0 dolostone
N389 222.8 2.1 -1.3 dolostone
21
-
Table S1: Isotopic data from the Wallara-1 drill core, P8 field section, C215 field section,
C227 field section cont.
section/core stratigraphic level δ13Ccarb δ18Ocarb δ13Corg ∆δ13C TOC % Corg lab sample type
N389 224.4 2.5 -0.7 dolostone
N389 225.4 2.5 -1.1 dolostone
N389 226.5∗∗ 2.6 -1.1 dolostone
N389 228.4∗∗†† 2.8 -1.3 -28.2 31.0 0.040 Adelaide dolostone
N389 230.3 2.5 -1.8 dolostone
N389 232.3 2.9 -1.0 dolostone
N389 235.0 3.0 -0.7 dolostone
N389 237.1†† 2.7 -1.4 -25.8 28.5 0.054 Adelaide dolostone
N389 238.2 2.7 -1.5 dolostone
N389 239.9 3.2 -1.6 dolostone
N389 241.8 3.2 -1.6 dolostone
N389 243.3†† 2.1 -2.2 -27.0 29.1 0.072 Adelaide dolostone
N389 244.6 2.6 -2.1 dolostone
N389 245.6 3.1 -2.1 dolostone
N389 248.2 3.1 -2.1 dolostone
N389 253.2 3.9 -2.2 dolostone
N389 257.6 2.6 -2.4 dolostone
N389 258.3 2.0 -2.7 dolostone
N389 264.9 4.2 -1.8 dolostone
N389 267.0 4.4 -2.2 dolostone
N389 267.7∗∗ 4.5 -1.9 -32.3 36.8 0.059 Adelaide dolostone
C215 0.3∗∗ -8.7 -13.0 limestone
C215 0.5 -8.6 -12.6 limestone
C215 12.3 -8.8 -12.5 -23.9 15.1 0.011 Rutgers limestone
C215 13.9 -8.7 -11.7 limestone
C215 14.9 -8.6 -12.3 limestone
C215 14.9 -8.5 -12.8 limestone
C215 15.5 -8.5 -12.5 limestone
C215 16.2 -8.4 -12.7 limestone
C215 17.1∗∗ -8.6 -12.9 limestone
C215 25.0 -8.6 -12.9 -26.4 17.7 0.005 Rutgers limestone
C215 27.4 -8.6 -12.4 limestone
C215 34.1 -8.2 -12.6 limestone
C215 34.5 -8.2 -12.6 limestone
C215 34.8 -8.1 -12.6 -25.4 17.3 0.005 Rutgers limestone
C215 36.1 -8.6 -11.8 limestone
C215 36.4 -8.7 -12.6 limestone
22
-
Table S1: Isotopic data from the Wallara-1 drill core, P8 field section, C215 field section,
C227 field section cont.
section/core stratigraphic level δ13Ccarb δ18Ocarb δ13Corg ∆δ13C TOC % Corg lab sample type
C215 38.3∗∗ -9.5 -12.1 -24.4 14.9 0.016 Rutgers limestone
C215 46.5∗∗ -8.5 -12.8 limestone
C215 47.7 -8.7 -12.1 limestone
C215 48.3 -8.8 -12.6 limestone
C215 54.8 -8.4 -11.8 limestone
C215 55.9 -8.6 -12.2 limestone
C215 56.2 -8.8 -11.2 limestone
C215 56.2 -8.3 -12.2 limestone
C215 56.3 -8.8 -12.5 limestone
C215 57.7 -8.3 -12.4 limestone
C215 59.4∗∗ -9.0 -11.9 limestone
C215 61.7 -8.6 -12.1 limestone
C215 63.4∗∗ -9.7 -12.3 limestone
C215 63.8 -8.8 -12.2 limestone
C215 64.9 -9.5 -11.9 -23.2 13.7 0.013 Rutgers limestone
C215 67.1 -8.6 -12.2 limestone
C215 67.9 -8.5 -12.1 limestone
C215 68.6∗∗ -8.8 -11.6 limestone
C215 71.9 -8.1 -11.6 -23.9 15.8 0.013 Rutgers limestone
C215 72.9 -8.7 -12.1 limestone
C215 73.3 -8.3 -12.0 limestone
C215 74.5∗∗ -8.2 -12.2 limestone
C215 75.3 -8.1 -11.8 limestone
C215 76.5 -8.2 -12.2 limestone
C215 77.0∗∗ -8.3 -12.1 -26.4 18.2 0.007 Rutgers limestone
C215 79.5 -26.2 0.012 Rutgers limestone
C215 77.3 -8.5 -12.1 limestone
C215 80.5 -8.3 -11.2 limestone
C215 81.2∗∗ -8.9 -10.3 limestone
C215 81.5 -8.8 -11.9 limestone
C215 82.3 -8.9 -12.0 -27.5 18.6 0.012 Rutgers limestone
C215 82.6 -9.4 -11.7 limestone
C215 87.3 -8.3 -11.7 limestone
C215 89.4 -8.9 -11.5 limestone
C215 91.5∗∗ -8.6 -11.3 limestone
C215 93.7 -8.7 -11.9 limestone
C215 94.6 -8.7 -11.9 limestone
23
-
Table S1: Isotopic data from the Wallara-1 drill core, P8 field section, C215 field section,
C227 field section cont.
section/core stratigraphic level δ13Ccarb δ18Ocarb δ13Corg ∆δ13C TOC % Corg lab sample type
C215 97.0∗∗ -8.6 -11.9 limestone
C215 98.2 -8.3 -11.7 limestone
C215 99.2 -8.1 -11.7 limestone
C215 100.1∗∗ -8.4 -11.8 limestone
C215 100.7 -9.2 -11.4 limestone
C215 101.4 -8.8 -11.3 -24.2 15.4 0.016 Rutgers limestone
C215 103.8 -9.6 -11.6 limestone
C215 106.5∗∗ -8.1 -11.1 limestone
C215 107.4 -7.9 -10.6 limestone
C215 108.3 -8.5 -9.4 limestone
C215 109.0 -9.8 -7.7 -24.3 14.6 0.009 Rutgers limestone
C215 117.8 -8.3 -11.4 limestone
C215 118.4 -8.1 -10.8 limestone
C215 122.4∗∗∗ -7.7 -11.3 limestone
C215 124.0∗∗ -7.5 -11.3 limestone
C215 124.8∗∗ -7.7 -11.2 limestone
C215 125.8∗∗ -7.5 -10.9 limestone
C215 126.6∗∗ -7.5 -9.5 limestone
C215 127.1††∗∗∗∗ -7.5 -8.9 -27.9 20.4 0.009 Rutgers limestone
C215 127.8∗∗ -7.7 -10.5 limestone
C215 128.6∗∗ -7.4 -8.5 limestone
C215 129.8∗∗ -7.6 -8.5 limestone
C215 130.8∗∗ -7.9 -9.6 limestone
C215 131.6∗∗ -8.0 -8.9 limestone
C215 132.5∗∗ -7.7 -8.7 limestone
C215 133.1∗∗∗∗ -7.7 -9.1 limestone
C215 134.2∗∗∗∗ -7.7 -8.6 limestone
C215 135.2∗∗ -7.4 -10.2 limestone
C215 136.0 -7.6 -10.4 limestone
C215 136.8 -7.6 -10.2 limestone
C215 137.0∗∗ -7.6 -9.8 -24.9 17.3 0.006 Rutgers limestone
C215 138.1 -7.5 -9.1 limestone
C215 138.6 -7.2 -10.2 limestone
C215 139.6 -7.3 -10.2 -25.0 17.7 0.011 Rutgers limestone
C215 142.7 -7.4 -10.0 limestone
C215 148.3 -7.7 -8.6 -30.1 22.5 0.014 Rutgers limestone
C215 149.5 -7.2 -9.9 limestone
24
-
Table S1: Isotopic data from the Wallara-1 drill core, P8 field section, C215 field section,
C227 field section cont.
section/core stratigraphic level δ13Ccarb δ18Ocarb δ13Corg ∆δ13C TOC % Corg lab sample type
C215 150.2∗∗ -7.3 -9.9 limestone
C215 152.2 -7.1 -9.2 limestone
C215 153.8 -7.4 -8.8 limestone
C215 155.0 -7.3 -8.6 -27.0 19.8 0.007 Rutgers limestone
C215 155.7 -7.4 -7.6 limestone
C215 156.4 -7.3 -9.2 limestone
C215 156.7∗∗ -6.8 -9.4 limestone
C215 157.2 -6.8 -9.3 limestone
C215 157.7 -6.7 -9.5 limestone
C215 158.5 -6.7 -9.6 limestone
C215 159.9 -6.6 -9.6 -24.8 18.3 0.008 Rutgers limestone
C215 160.5 -6.6 -9.5 limestone
C215 161.0 -6.7 -9.3 limestone
C215 162.3 -6.4 -9.6 limestone
C215 162.9∗∗ -6.2 -9.6 limestone
C215 165.7 -6.5 -9.5 -26.0 19.5 0.011 Rutgers limestone
C215 166.4 -6.5 -9.7 limestone
C215 167.3 -6.4 -9.5 limestone
C215 167.6 -6.3 -9.4 limestone
C215 168.4 -6.9 -9.5 -26.5 19.5 0.009 Rutgers limestone
C215 169.8 -6.4 -9.5 limestone
C215 170.5∗∗ -6.4 -9.4 limestone
C215 171.4 -6.4 -9.6 limestone
C215 172.4 -6.1 -9.4 limestone
C215 173.1 -6.1 -9.6 limestone
C215 174.1 -6.1 -9.5 limestone
C215 175.1 -6.3 -9.7 limestone
C215 175.3 -6.0 -9.6 limestone
C215 175.4††††∗∗ -6.2 -9.5 -26.1 19.8 0.009 Rutgers limestone
C215 176.5 -6.0 -9.6 limestone
C215 177.8 -6.0 -9.6 limestone
C215 179.0∗∗ -5.8 -9.4 limestone
C215 180.6 -5.9 -9.6 limestone
C215 181.0 -5.9 -9.6 limestone
C215 181.3 -5.7 -8.7 limestone
C215 182.4 -5.9 -8.8 limestone
C215 183.6 -5.8 -8.6 limestone
25
-
Table S1: Isotopic data from the Wallara-1 drill core, P8 field section, C215 field section,
C227 field section cont.
section/core stratigraphic level δ13Ccarb δ18Ocarb δ13Corg ∆δ13C TOC % Corg lab sample type
C215 184.6 -6.2 -9.4 -23.7 17.5 0.013 Rutgers limestone
C215 185.3 -6.2 -9.6 limestone
C215 186.3 -6.1 -9.4 limestone
C215 187.0 -6.1 -9.5 limestone
C215 188.4 -5.9 -9.5 -25.2 19.3 0.012 Rutgers limestone
C215 189.7 -5.7 -9.6 limestone
C215 190.6 -5.5 -9.3 limestone
C215 191.7 -5.6 -9.5 limestone
C215 192.5 -5.8 -9.3 limestone
C215 193.0∗∗ -5.9 -9.4 limestone
C215 193.3 -5.9 -9.5 -25.2 19.3 0.009 Rutgers limestone
C215 194.1 -5.7 -9.6 limestone
C215 195.1∗∗ -5.7 -8.1 limestone
C215 196.8†† -5.9 -9.3 -25.2 19.3 0.004 Rutgers limestone
C215 197.1 -5.5 -9.4 limestone
C215 197.6 -5.5 -9.6 limestone
C215 198.8 -5.5 -9.6 limestone
C215 199.7∗∗ -5.4 -8.9 limestone
C215 200.8 -5.5 -9.6 -24.8 19.2 0.007 Rutgers limestone
C215 201.7 -5.3 -9.4 limestone
C215 201.9 -5.5 -9.1 limestone
C215 203.1 -5.2 -9.1 limestone
C215 204.1∗∗ -5.7 -8.7 limestone
C215 205.1 -5.6 -8.9 limestone
C215 206.6 -6.2 -8.2 limestone
C215 206.7 -5.1 -9.1 -26.2 21.1 0.014 Rutgers limestone
C215 207.5 -5.4 -8.9 -25.7 20.3 0.009 Rutgers limestone
C215 208.5 -5.4 -8.9 limestone
C215 209.6 -5.5 -9.3 limestone
C215 211.1 -4.7 -9.5 limestone
C215 212.1 -5.0 -10.0 limestone
C215 212.8 -4.8 -9.6 limestone
C215 213.5 -4.8 -9.9 limestone
C215 214.2 -5.3 -9.6 -25.4 20.1 0.007 Rutgers limestone
C215 215.1 -4.8 -8.8 limestone
C215 216.1∗∗ -5.3 -9.8 limestone
C215 216.9 -5.3 -10.0 limestone
26
-
Table S1: Isotopic data from the Wallara-1 drill core, P8 field section, C215 field section,
C227 field section cont.
section/core stratigraphic level δ13Ccarb δ18Ocarb δ13Corg ∆δ13C TOC % Corg lab sample type
C215 217.9 -5.1 -8.4 -23.5 18.4 0.011 Rutgers limestone
C215 219.8 -4.9 -9.8 limestone
C215 221.1 -4.6 -9.7 limestone
C215 222.5 -4.7 -10.0 limestone
C215 223.5 -4.5 -9.9 -24.0 19.5 0.006 Rutgers limestone
C215 224.4∗∗ -5.2 -8.1 limestone
C215 224.7†† -4.5 -9.2 -25.6 19.3 0.005 Rutgers limestone
C215 224.9 -4.5 -8.3 limestone
C215 226.9 -4.9 -8.6 limestone
C215 228.1 -4.5 -9.5 limestone
C215 228.8 -4.5 -9.4 limestone
C215 229.3 -4.7 -9.0 limestone
C215 231.1 -4.2 -9.6 -25.9 21.7 0.008 Rutgers limestone
C215 232.1 -4.7 -8.2 limestone
C215 233.3∗∗ -4.1 -9.4 limestone
C215 234.0 -4.1 -9.4 limestone
C215 234.5 -4.2 -9.6 limestone
C215 235.2 -4.2 -9.4 limestone
C215 236.5 -4.1 -9.6 -24.9 20.9 0.008 Rutgers limestone
C215 237.5∗∗ -4.1 -9.9 limestone
C215 238.6 -3.9 -9.4 limestone
C215 239.7 -3.7 -9.3 limestone
C215 241.1∗∗ -3.7 -9.3 limestone
C215 242.3 -3.8 -10.0 limestone
C215 243.0 -3.7 -10.1 limestone
C215 243.9 -3.7 -10.0 -24.7 21.0 0.011 Rutgers limestone
C215 245.0 -3.6 -10.0 limestone
C215 246.0 -3.6 -9.7 limestone
C215 247.2∗∗ -3.7 -10.2 limestone
C215 247.9 -3.5 -9.8 limestone
C215 248.9 -3.6 -10.1 -24.5 20.9 0.009 Rutgers limestone
C215 249.9 -3.9 -9.8 limestone
C215 250.9 -3.4 -9.3 limestone
C215 251.9 -3.6 -10.4 limestone
C215 252.9 -3.6 -10.2 limestone
C215 254.0 -3.7 -10.2 -24.1 20.4 0.008 Rutgers limestone
C215 255.0 -4.3 -10.5 limestone
27
-
Table S1: Isotopic data from the Wallara-1 drill core, P8 field section, C215 field section,
C227 field section cont.
section/core stratigraphic level δ13Ccarb δ18Ocarb δ13Corg ∆δ13C TOC % Corg lab sample type
C215 255.6 -3.4 -10.4 -23.5 20.1 0.008 Rutgers limestone
C215 256.7 -3.1 -10.4 limestone
C215 257.5 -3.3 -10.0 limestone
C215 258.4 -3.1 -10.1 limestone
C215 259.6 -3.3 -10.2 -23.7 20.5 0.007 Rutgers limestone
C215 261.0 -3.5 -10.8 limestone
C215 261.7∗∗ -2.9 -10.6 limestone
C215 262.7 -3.1 -10.7 limestone
C215 263.6 -3.5 -9.6 limestone
C215 264.4 -3.4 -10.7 -25.7 22.4 0.017 Rutgers limestone
C215 265.2 -3.2 -10.6 limestone
C215 266.2 -3.3 -10.6 -25.2 21.9 0.013 Rutgers limestone
C215 266.5 -3.3 -10.8 limestone
C215 266.8 -3.3 -10.9 limestone
C215 267.3 -3.3 -10.9 limestone
C215 268.4 -3.4 -11.0 limestone
C215 268.9 -3.6 -11.1 limestone
C215 269.4 -3.8 -12.2 limestone
C215 270.5†† -3.4 -12.5 -24.8 22.0 0.018 Rutgers limestone
C215 271.4 -3.4 -12.6 limestone
C215 271.6 -3.5 -12.7 limestone
C215 300.0∗∗ -5.0 -9.6 -26.6 21.6 0.015 Rutgers limestone
C227 0.2 9.0 -9.6 limestone
C227 1.1 8.7 -9.9 limestone
C227 2.0 8.7 -9.8 limestone
C227 2.6 8.3 -9.9 limestone
C227 3.3 8.3 -10.6 limestone
C227 4.3 8.7 -8.5 limestone
C227 5.3 8.3 -11.3 limestone
C227 8.5 7.1 -9.9 limestone
C227 9.7††† 7.1 -10.3 -23.5 30.7 0.010 Rutgers limestone
C227 11.0∗∗ 8.1 -9.9 limestone
C227 12.9 6.9 -9.5 limestone
C227 14.0 6.6 -9.4 limestone
C227 15.0 7.6 -10.1 limestone
C227 15.6 7.2 -9.9 limestone
C227 17.0 7.1 -9.5 limestone
28
-
Table S1: Isotopic data from the Wallara-1 drill core, P8 field section, C215 field section,
C227 field section cont.
section/core stratigraphic level δ13Ccarb δ18Ocarb δ13Corg ∆δ13C TOC % Corg lab sample type
C227 18.5 7.9 -9.5 limestone
C227 20.0∗∗ 8.9 -6.5 limestone
C227 21.1∗∗ 8.4 -9.7 limestone
C227 22.2 7.5 -9.5 limestone
C227 23.5∗∗ 6.9 -7.9 limestone
C227 24.8 8.3 -9.8 limestone
C227 26.1∗∗ 8.0 -9.4 limestone
C227 27.3 7.9 -9.8 limestone
C227 28.6∗∗ 7.4 -11.1 limestone
C227 29.7∗∗ 6.2 -9.2 limestone
C227 30.8∗∗ 7.7 -9.3 limestone
C227 31.9 8.1 -9.7 limestone
C227 33.1 7.7 -9.8 limestone
C227 34.2∗∗ 8.2 -9.5 limestone
C227 35.4∗∗ 7.2 -9.6 limestone
C227 36.4†† 8.5 -9.6 -23.5 32.2 0.014 Rutgers limestone
C227 37.6 8.8 -9.3 limestone
C227 38.3 7.7 -9.8 limestone
C227 39.5 7.7 -9.8 limestone
C227 40.6∗∗ 7.0 -9.5 limestone
C227 41.8 6.4 -9.2 limestone
C227 43.0 6.7 -10.3 limestone
C227 44.6 7.3 -9.9 limestone
C227 45.6 8.0 -10.2 limestone
C227 46.7 8.2 -10.0 limestone
C227 47.7∗∗ 7.2 -7.2 limestone
C227 48.6 8.5 -10.6 limestone
C227 50.3 8.5 -10.6 limestone
C227 51.4 8.2 -10.6 limestone
C227 52.4††† 6.8 -10.9 -21.6 28.4 0.012 Rutgers limestone
C227 54.1 6.3 -10.3 limestone
C227 55.1 6.7 -11.6 limestone
C227 56.1∗∗ 5.9 -8.0 limestone
C227 57.8 6.2 -10.6 limestone
C227 58.7 6.9 -9.0 limestone
C227 60.7∗∗ 5.5 -10.7 limestone
C227 61.6 7.3 -11.1 limestone
29
-
Table S1: Isotopic data from the Wallara-1 drill core, P8 field section, C215 field section,
C227 field section cont.
section/core stratigraphic level δ13Ccarb δ18Ocarb δ13Corg ∆δ13C TOC % Corg lab sample type
C227 62.8 5.8 -11.0 limestone
C227 77.2 7.8 -10.8 limestone
C227 77.6∗∗ 7.3 -11.0 -24.2 31.5 0.021 Rutgers limestone
C227 85.2 6.0 -9.7 limestone
C227 86.4 9.8 -8.3 limestone
C227 87.7 9.4 -8.4 limestone
C227 89.1 9.8 -6.6 limestone
C227 90.3∗∗ 9.7 -8.2 limestone
C227 91.5 9.9 -9.1 limestone
C227 92.7 9.6 -10.4 -20.0 29.6 0.018 Rutgers limestone
C227 93.5 8.3 -10.3 limestone
C227 95.9 8.6 -10.4 limestone
C227 97.2 8.6 -10.4 limestone
C227 98.8 8.8 -10.2 limestone
C227 99.8 8.9 -9.2 limestone
C227 101.0 9.2 -9.4 limestone
C227 101.9∗∗ 7.9 -6.8 limestone
C227 103.0 8.1 -6.1 limestone
C227 104.0 8.7 -6.0 limestone
C227 105.1 9.9 -4.5 limestone
C227 106.4 9.8 -4.9 limestone
C227 107.8 9.7 -4.0 limestone
C227 108.8 9.6 -4.1 limestone
C227 109.9 9.7 -4.3 limestone
C227 110.0 9.5 -4.3 limestone
C227 112.1∗∗ 9.5 -4.6 limestone
C227 112.5 9.5 -4.9 limestone
C227 113.8 9.6 -4.9 limestone
C227 115.2 9.4 -5.6 limestone
C227 116.2∗∗ 8.7 -6.7 limestone
C227 117.4 9.2 -6.6 limestone
C227 118.6 9.3 -6.2 limestone
C227 119.6 9.3 -6.7 limestone
C227 120.9 9.2 -6.2 limestone
C227 121.9 9.4 -4.4 limestone
C227 122.9∗∗ 9.0 -4.5 -21.2 30.2 0.015 Rutgers limestone
C227 123.9 9.5 -4.2 limestone
30
-
Table S1: Isotopic data from the Wallara-1 drill core, P8 field section, C215 field section,
C227 field section cont.
section/core stratigraphic level δ13Ccarb δ18Ocarb δ13Corg ∆δ13C TOC % Corg lab sample type
C227 125.0 9.6 -4.2 limestone
C227 126.2 9.6 -3.8 limestone
C227 127.2∗∗ 9.5 -4.1 limestone
C227 128.1 9.5 -5.0 limestone
C227 129.1 9.4 -4.4 limestone
C227 130.1 8.7 -4.8 limestone
C227 130.8 8.2 -5.5 limestone
C227 131.8 8.2 -6.9 limestone
C227 132.8 8.4 -7.2 limestone
C227 133.7 9.1 -3.3 limestone
C227 134.8 9.1 -5.0 -21.5 30.6 0.038 Rutgers limestone
C227 135.8 8.9 -5.6 -21.5 30.4 0.038 Rutgers limestone
C227 136.3 9.0 -4.7 limestone
C227 137.3 9.0 -4.2 limestone
C227 138.4∗∗ 9.0 -5.8 limestone
C227 139.8 7.8 -5.5 limestone
C227 141.4 7.5 -7.9 limestone
C227 142.4 8.4 -8.5 limestone
C227 143.0 8.3 -8.2 limestone
C227 144.2 8.6 -7.8 limestone
C227 145.2 8.5 -6.9 limestone
C227 146.3∗∗ 6.6 -8.5 limestone
C227 146.6∗∗∗ 0.2 -7.3 -26.0 26.2 0.017 Rutgers limestone
C227 147.6 8.0 -9.9 limestone
C227 149.6 7.9 -9.0 limestone
C227 150.1 8.3 -9.6 limestone
C227 153.8∗∗∗ 3.5 -5.5 limestone
C227 208.2∗∗∗ 5.4 -10.7 limestone
C227 212.8∗∗∗ 0.4 -9.2 limestone
C227 214.1 8.2 -7.0 limestone
C227 214.9 7.0 -7.4 -24.4 31.5 0.017 Rutgers limestone
C227 215.9 8.2 -6.5 limestone
C227 217.6 8.6 -6.4 limestone
C227 219.0∗∗ 8.2 -6.7 limestone
C227 220.4∗∗∗ 6.1 -5.2 limestone
C227 221.7∗∗ 5.6 -5.4 limestone
C227 222.7 8.9 -3.5 -21.6 30.5 0.023 Rutgers limestone
31
-
Table S1: Isotopic data from the Wallara-1 drill core, P8 field section, C215 field section,
C227 field section cont.
section/core stratigraphic level δ13Ccarb δ18Ocarb δ13Corg ∆δ13C TOC % Corg lab sample type
C227 223.9 8.3 -4.2 limestone
C227 225.1 8.9 -4.2 limestone
C227 226.4 8.1 -5.4 limestone
C227 227.6 8.9 -4.5 limestone
C227 228.7∗∗ 8.6 -3.7 limestone
C227 229.7 9.0 -3.8 limestone
C227 230.7∗∗ 4.5 -6.4 limestone
C227 231.5 8.3 -5.0 limestone
C227 232.7∗∗ 8.9 -4.4 limestone
C227 233.5 8.4 -4.5 limestone
C227 234.5∗∗ 9.0 -4.7 limestone
C227 235.5 9.0 -4.7 limestone
C227 236.6 8.1 -5.0 limestone
C227 237.6 8.3 -5.1 limestone
C227 238.7∗∗ 7.6 -5.1 -23.2 30.7 0.014 Rutgers limestone
C227 240.0 8.8 -6.2 limestone
C227 240.9 8.6 -6.6 limestone
C227 246.0 7.8 -4.9 limestone
C227 247.3 9.0 -6.8 limestone
C227 248.2 8.8 -6.7 limestone
C227 249.1 9.2 -6.8 limestone
C227 250.3 9.3 -7.1 limestone
C227 251.5 9.0 -6.8 limestone
C227 252.5 9.3 -7.0 limestone
C227 253.8∗∗ 8.8 -6.2 limestone
C227 256.3 8.7 -6.3 limestone
C227 257.3 9.5 -7.2 limestone
C227 258.4 8.6 -6.1 limestone
C227 259.2 9.0 -6.7 limestone
C227 260.6 8.2 -5.6 limestone
C227 262.1†† 8.1 -6.3 -23.1 31.3 0.005 Rutgers limestone
C227 262.9∗∗ 9.0 -6.9 limestone
C227 264.1∗∗ 7.3 -7.0 limestone
C227 265.1∗∗ 5.6 -6.6 limestone
C227 266.1∗∗ 9.2 -6.4 limestone
C227 267.2∗∗ 8.3 -5.6 limestone
C227 268.2 7.0 -6.1 -23.4 30.4 0.011 Rutgers limestone
32
-
Table S1: Isotopic data from the Wallara-1 drill core, P8 field section, C215 field section,
C227 field section cont.
section/core stratigraphic level δ13Ccarb δ18Ocarb δ13Corg ∆δ13C TOC % Corg lab sample type
C227 269.2 7.1 -6.9 limestone
C227 270.4 7.5 -6.9 limestone
C227 271.3 7.5 -6.8 limestone
C227 272.4∗∗ 9.5 -6.4 limestone
C227 273.8 8.0 -5.1 limestone
C227 274.8 7.9 -6.5 limestone
C227 275.0 8.4 -6.3 limestone
C227 276.0 9.5 -6.5 -25.9 35.4 0.006 Rutgers limestone
C227 276.9∗∗ 9.0 -6.1 limestone
C227 277.9 8.5 -5.0 limestone
C227 278.5 9.3 -5.0 limestone
C227 278.7 9.4 -5.3 limestone
C227 279.8∗∗ 9.0 -6.8 limestone
C227 280.9∗∗ 8.3 -5.6 limestone
C227 281.9 8.5 -5.2 limestone
C227 282.9 8.7 -3.9 limestone
C227 283.9 9.1 -3.2 limestone
C227 285.0 8.6 -3.2 limestone
C227 289.1 8.4 -3.1 limestone
C227 290.2 8.7 -4.0 limestone
C227 292.6 8.3 -3.2 limestone
C227 298.2∗∗ 5.3 -4.4 limestone
C227 299.4∗∗ 1.3 -6.1 limestone
C227 301.2 8.4 -7.3 limestone
C227 302.2 9.0 -6.6 -23.5 32.5 0.016 Rutgers limestone
C227 305.6 8.8 -4.5 limestone
C227 306.6∗∗ 4.4 -5.6 limestone
C227 307.6 8.6 -4.9 limestone
C227 309.0 9.1 -4.8 limestone
C227 310.2∗∗ 9.2 -5.0 limestone
C227 311.3 9.4 -4.3 limestone
C227 312.4 9.1 -4.9 limestone
C227 313.5 9.1 -4.7 -22.2 31.4 0.012 Rutgers limestone
C227 314.5 9.2 -5.0 limestone
C227 315.8 9.5 -5.6 limestone
C227 316.8∗∗ 9.3 -5.3 limestone
C227 317.9 9.4 -5.9 limestone
33
-
Table S1: Isotopic data from the Wallara-1 drill core, P8 field section, C215 field section,
C227 field section cont.
section/core stratigraphic level δ13Ccarb δ18Ocarb δ13Corg ∆δ13C TOC % Corg lab sample type
C227 318.9 9.2 -5.5 limestone
C227 320.2∗∗∗ 6.3 -6.4 limestone
C227 321.2 9.7 -6.3 limestone
C227 323.3 9.6 -6.0 limestone
C227 324.1∗∗ 9.7 -6.2 limestone
C227 324.9 9.6 -7.2 limestone
C227 325.6 9.9 -7.8 limestone
C227 326.8 9.6 -8.1 limestone
C227 327.8 8.7 -7.7 limestone
C227 328.8 8.9 -8.6 limestone
C227 330.1∗∗∗ 1.3 -11.0 limestone
C227 331.5∗∗ 8.3 -8.8 limestone
C227 332.9 8.4 -8.8 -23.6 32.0 0.016 Rutgers limestone
C227 334.0 8.3 -9.5 limestone
C227 335.0∗∗∗ 6.1 -11.5 limestone
C227 396.2 7.7 -11.8 limestone
C227 397.0 8.3 -10.0 limestone
C227 398.6 9.4 -9.7 limestone
C227 400.0 9.4 -9.5 limestone
C227 401.0 9.8 -9.4 limestone
C227 402.0∗∗ 9.8 -9.0 -21.3 31.1 0.023 Rutgers limestone
C227 403.4 9.7 -8.8 limestone
C227 405.3 8.9 -7.9 limestone
C227 406.4∗∗ 9.3 -8.7 limestone
C227 407.4 9.0 -8.3 limestone
C227 408.3 8.7 -8.9 limestone
C227 409.3 9.3 -8.6 limestone
C227 410.9 8.6 -8.3 limestone
C227 412.0†† 8.5 -7.2 -23.0 31.4 0.014 Rutgers limestone
C227 413.6∗∗ 8.6 -6.5 limestone
C227 417.1 9.8 -8.7 limestone
C227 418.1 9.8 -8.1 limestone
C227 419.1 9.5 -7.8 limestone
C227 420.2 -25.9 35.0 0.039 Rutgers limestone
C227 421.1 9.1 -7.8 limestone
C227 421.9∗∗ 8.4 -7.9 limestone
C227 422.9 8.8 -8.2 limestone
34
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Table S1: Isotopic data from the Wallara-1 drill core, P8 field section, C215 field section,
C227 field section cont.
section/core stratigraphic level δ13Ccarb δ18Ocarb δ13Corg ∆δ13C TOC % Corg lab sample type
C227 423.9 8.9 -7.9 limestone
C227 424.4∗∗ 9.2 -8.4 limestone
C227 425.4 8.1 -8.3 limestone
C227 426.5∗∗ 8.9 -8.0 limestone
C227 429.5 9.0 -8.5 limestone
C227 430.3∗∗∗ 7.9 -7.7 limestone
C227 431.7∗∗ 7.8 -7.3 limestone
C227 432.7 7.2 -8.4 limestone
C227 433.6 6.9 -8.2 limestone
C227 434.7 8.8 -8.6 limestone
C227 435.7 8.7 -8.6 limestone
C227 436.5 8.9 -8.4 limestone
C227 437.6∗∗ 6.8 -6.3 limestone
C227 438.6∗∗ 7.7 -7.2 limestone
C227 439.5 8.6 -7.9 limestone
C227 440.3 8.4 -7.6 limestone
C227 440.4 9.7 -8.7 limestone
C227 441.4 8.9 -8.6 -22.5 31.4 0.009 Rutgers limestone
C227 442.7 9.3 -9.8 limestone
C227 443.7 8.7 -10.3 limestone
C227 444.3 8.8 -9.9 limestone
C227 445.3 9.2 -10.7 limestone
C227 448.0 6.8 -9.3 limestone
C227 451.9 7.7 -10.0 limestone
C227 452.9 8.4 -9.0 limestone
C227 453.9 8.9 -10.3 limestone
C227 454.9∗∗ 9.2 -9.2 limestone
C227 455.7 6.9 -10.3 limestone
C227 456.6 9.1 -10.2 limestone
C227 458.1 9.1 -9.5 limestone
C227 458.4 8.9 -11.0 -25.6 34.5 0.008 Rutgers limestone
C227 459.4 8.1 -10.8 limestone
C227 460.4 8.4 -11.1 limestone
C227 462.3 8.5 -11.4 limestone
C228 463.4††† -22.7 31.2 0.013 Rutgers limestone
C227 464.0 8.5 -11.5 limestone
C227 465.0∗∗ 8.7 -11.2 limestone
35
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Table S1: Isotopic data from the Wallara-1 drill core, P8 field section, C215 field section,
C227 field section cont.
section/core stratigraphic level δ13Ccarb δ18Ocarb δ13Corg ∆δ13C TOC % Corg lab sample type
C227 465.8 8.1 -10.4 limestone
C227 467.2 8.4 -11.6 -25.6 34.0 0.012 Rutgers limestone
C227 468.2 8.0 -11.1 limestone
C227 469.2 8.1 -11.9 limestone
C227 470.2 8.0 -11.9 limestone
C227 471.3 7.5 -12.1 limestone
C227 472.3 7.9 -11.9 limestone
C227 473.3 6.7 -12.3 limestone
C227 701.0 8.4 -12.7 limestone
C227 702.0†† 8.5 -12.1 -25.5 34.0 0.035 Rutgers limestone
C227 703.1 9.2 -12.3 limestone
C227 704.1∗∗ -1.1 -8.6 limestone
C227 704.9 5.4 -10.5 limestone
C227 711.5∗∗ 5.3 -9.8 limestone
C227 712.6 2.3 -9.5 limestone
C227 713.6∗∗ -2.0 -7.7 limestone
C227 714.5 8.1 -9.6 limestone
C227 713.8 3.0 -8.4 limestone
C227 716.8 9.0 -9.2 limestone
C227 718.0∗∗ 0.7 -7.8 -26.1 26.7 0.011 Rutgers limestone
C227 718.6 8.7 -9.1 limestone
C227 719.7∗∗ -2.3 -7.6 limestone
C227 720.9 5.9 -8.8 limestone
C227 721.9 9.2 -9.0 limestone
C227 723.0 9.5 -7.9 limestone
C227 724†† 9.1 -10.2 -24.6 33.7 0.008 Rutgers limestone
C227 724.9∗∗ 0.6 -8.1 limestone
C227 725.8 9.0 -10.4 limestone
C227 727.0∗∗ 4.4 -9.2 limestone
C227 728.0 7.6 -9.6 -24.3 31.9 0.008 Rutgers limestone
C227 729.3 8.2 -10.4 limestone
C227 730.3 8.3 -11.0 limestone
C227 731.3†† 7.8 -11.0 -25.1 33.0 0.011 Rutgers limestone
C227 732.4 7.3 -9.6 limestone
C227 733.5 7.8 -11.2 limestone
C227 734.5†† 7.3 -10.9 -25.3 32.6 0.011 Rutgers limestone
C227 735.5 7.1 -11.5 limestone
36
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Table S1: Isotopic data from the Wallara-1 drill core, P8 field section, C215 field section,
C227 field section cont.
section/core stratigraphic level δ13Ccarb δ18Ocarb δ13Corg ∆δ13C TOC % Corg lab sample type
C227 736.5∗∗ 6.6 -11.7 limestone
C227 781.1†† 6.9 -9.9 -26.9 33.7 0.018 Rutgers limestone
C227 782.3 7.2 -9.5 limestone
C227 783.4 7.8 -11.7 limestone
C227 784.1 7.9 -11.4 limestone
C227 795.9 9.1 -11.9 limestone
C227 796.9 9.4 -11.9 limestone
C227 797.9 9.4 -11.3 limestone
C227 799.3 9.3 -10.5 -27.0 36.3 0.031 Rutgers limestone
C227 800.3 8.9 -10.7 limestone
C227 801.4 9.2 -11.0 limestone
C227 802.4 9.3 -11.0 limestone
C227 832.9 5.1 -10.9 limestone
C227 834.1∗∗ 6.5 -11.9 limestone
C227 835.2 7.1 -12.2 limestone
C227 837.4†† 8.7 -12.4 -24.6 33.3 0.010 Rutgers limestone
C227 838.4 8.7 -12.0 limestone
C227 839.4 8.7 -11.9 limestone
C227 840.5 9.0 -11.5 limestone
C227 841.5 8.7 -11.5 limestone
C227 842.6 9.1 -11.3 limestone
C227 843.9 9.0 -11.4 limestone
C227 845.1 8.9 -11.1 limestone
C227 846.1 8.7 -11.7 limestone
C227 847.0 7.9 -10.9 limestone
C227 849.5 8.1 -12.3 limestone
C227 850.5††∗∗ 8.4 -12.5 -25.0 33.4 0.008 Rutgers limestone
C227 851.6 8.3 -12.2 limestone
C227 853.6 7.4 -12.8 limestone
C227 854.7 8.1 -14.2 limestone
C227 857.1 7.9 -11.5 limestone
C227 858.2 8.1 -12.0 limestone
C227 859.2 7.7 -11.4 limestone
C227 860.2 7.8 -11.6 limestone
C227 861.2 7.5 -11.7 limestone
C227 862.3∗∗ 8.2 -12.1 -23.7 31.8 0.015 Rutgers limestone
C227 864.6 8.0 -12.1 limestone
37
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Table S1: Isotopic data from the Wallara-1 drill core, P8 field section, C215 field section,
C227 field section cont.
section/core stratigraphic level δ13Ccarb δ18Ocarb δ13Corg ∆δ13C TOC % Corg lab sample type
C227 868.7 7.9 -12.5 limestone
C227 869.7 7.8 -12.8 limestone
C227 870.6 7.5 -12.6 limestone
C227 871.7 7.2 -13.0 -24.0 31.2 0.009 Rutgers limestone
C227 872.4 6.5 -12.9 limestone
C227 873.4 6.0 -12.9 limestone
C227 874.5 6.1 -13.0 limestone
C227 876.0∗∗ 5.9 -13.2 limestone
Notes: All δ13Corg values were obtained from analysis of insoluble residues isolated through decarbonation of limestone or dolostone
samples. ∗ symbols indicate that multiple δ13Ccarb analyses have been averaged into the value presented with the number of ∗ corre-sponding to the number of analyses of the sample. The † symbols represent the same but for δ13Corg analyses. ∆δ13C was determined
through subtraction of δ13Corg from δ13Ccarb. This approximation of the difference between the two values avoids confusion with the
primary εp that is associated with the fraction between DIC and primary biomass as they are not one and the same. The Corg lab column
indicates whether the organic carbon data was collected at the University of Adelaide or at Rutgers University. All δ13Ccarb data were
generated at the University of Michigan.
38