cs 115 unit 1 chapters 1 – 4 mr. elias. people resource people are the most important resource in...
TRANSCRIPT
CS 115CS 115
UNIT 1UNIT 1
Chapters 1 – 4Chapters 1 – 4
Mr. EliasMr. Elias
People ResourcePeople Resource
People are the most important People are the most important resource in any organization, with a resource in any organization, with a focus onfocus on
Technology literacyTechnology literacy Information literacyInformation literacy Ethical responsibilitiesEthical responsibilities
People ResourcePeople Resource Technology-literate knowledge worker Technology-literate knowledge worker – –
knows how and when to apply technologyknows how and when to apply technology Information-literate knowledge workerInformation-literate knowledge worker
Can define information needsCan define information needs Knows how and where to obtain informationKnows how and where to obtain information Understands informationUnderstands information Acts appropriately based on informationActs appropriately based on information
EthicsEthics – principles and standards that guide – principles and standards that guide our behavior toward other peopleour behavior toward other people
Information Technology Information Technology ResourceResource
Information technology (IT) Information technology (IT) – – computer-based tools that people computer-based tools that people use to work with informationuse to work with information
HardwareHardware – physical devices that make – physical devices that make up a computerup a computer
SoftwareSoftware – set of instructions that your – set of instructions that your hardware executes to carry out a hardware executes to carry out a specific task for youspecific task for you
Information Technology – Information Technology – Hardware Hardware
Processing•CPU • ALU•RAM
Six Categories of HardwareSix Categories of Hardware
Keyboard (input)CDs (storage)
Video card (connecting)
CPU
Cable modem (telecommunications)
Monitor (output)
Common Input DevicesCommon Input Devices
Common Output DevicesCommon Output Devices
Common Storage DevicesCommon Storage Devices
Dinosaurs
Storage TypesStorage Types
Magnetic Storage MediaMagnetic Storage Media Hard diskHard disk – magnetic storage with one or – magnetic storage with one or
more thin metal platters sealed inside the more thin metal platters sealed inside the drive drive
Optical Storage MediaOptical Storage Media CDs and DVDsCDs and DVDs
Flash Memory Devices & CardsFlash Memory Devices & Cards Flash memory deviceFlash memory device – USB– USB Flash memory card – SD, xD, Compact Flash memory card – SD, xD, Compact
Flash, etc.Flash, etc.
Common Types of Flash Common Types of Flash MemoryMemory
Capacity of Storage DevicesCapacity of Storage Devices
Megabyte (MB or M or Meg)Megabyte (MB or M or Meg) – – about 1 million bytesabout 1 million bytes
Gigabyte (GB or Gig)Gigabyte (GB or Gig) – about 1 – about 1 billion bytesbillion bytes
Terabyte (TB) Terabyte (TB) – about 1 trillion bytes – about 1 trillion bytes Petabyte (PB)Petabyte (PB) – about 1 quadrillion – about 1 quadrillion
bytesbytes
CPU and RAMCPU and RAM
CPU and Ram at WorkCPU and Ram at Work
SYSTEM BUS
(data pathways)
CPU and RAMCPU and RAM
CPU and RAM work together to form CPU and RAM work together to form the brain of your computerthe brain of your computer
CPU speed measured in gigahertz CPU speed measured in gigahertz (GHz)(GHz) GHzGHz – number of billions of CPU cycles – number of billions of CPU cycles
per secondper second CPU (machine) cycle CPU (machine) cycle – retrieve, – retrieve,
decode, and execute instruction, then decode, and execute instruction, then return result to RAM if necessary return result to RAM if necessary
CPU ComponentsCPU Components
Control unitControl unit – directs what happens in the – directs what happens in the CPU and the rest of your computerCPU and the rest of your computer
Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) – performs – performs arithmetic, comparison, and logic arithmetic, comparison, and logic operationsoperations
CPU cacheCPU cache – CPU memory where – CPU memory where instructions wait until they’re neededinstructions wait until they’re needed
CPU clockCPU clock – beats to keep instructions and – beats to keep instructions and information moving in synchronized fashioninformation moving in synchronized fashion
System BusSystem Bus
System busSystem bus – electrical pathways – electrical pathways that move information between that move information between motherboard components, especially motherboard components, especially between CPU and RAM between CPU and RAM
Connectors and PortsConnectors and Ports
LEGACY
PORTS
Ports and ConnectorsPorts and Connectors
PortPort – place on your system unit, – place on your system unit, monitor, or keyboard through which monitor, or keyboard through which information and instructions flow to information and instructions flow to and from computer and from computer
Connector – something like a cable; Connector – something like a cable; can also be wirelesscan also be wireless
Common Ports & ConnectorsCommon Ports & Connectors
Serial Ethernet
USBFirewire
Parallel
Wireless ConnectionsWireless Connections
Infrared IR or IrDA (infrared data Infrared IR or IrDA (infrared data association)association) – uses red light to send – uses red light to send and receive informationand receive information
BluetoothBluetooth – transmits information as – transmits information as radio waves for a distance of 30 feetradio waves for a distance of 30 feet
WiFi (wireless fidelity) or IEEE WiFi (wireless fidelity) or IEEE 802.11a, b, g, or n802.11a, b, g, or n – transmits – transmits information as radio waves for a information as radio waves for a distance of up to several miles distance of up to several miles
PortsPorts
USB (universal serial bus) portUSB (universal serial bus) port – – fits small, flat, plug-and-play, hot-fits small, flat, plug-and-play, hot-swap USB connectorsswap USB connectors
Firewire port (IEEE1394 or I-Link)Firewire port (IEEE1394 or I-Link) – fits hot-swap, plug-and-play – fits hot-swap, plug-and-play Firewire connectors Firewire connectors
Expansion Cards, Slots, & BusExpansion Cards, Slots, & Bus
PC Card for a NotebookPC Card for a Notebook
Expansion Cards, Slots, & BusExpansion Cards, Slots, & Bus
Expansion card (board)Expansion card (board) – circuit board – circuit board that you insert into the expansion slot and that you insert into the expansion slot and connect to a peripheral deviceconnect to a peripheral device
Expansion slotExpansion slot – long skinny socket on – long skinny socket on the motherboard for expansion cardthe motherboard for expansion card
Expansion busExpansion bus – pathways along which – pathways along which information moves between devices information moves between devices (outside the motherboard) and the CPU (outside the motherboard) and the CPU
SOFTWARESOFTWARE
ApplicationsApplications General PurposeGeneral Purpose Vertical Vertical HorizontalHorizontal
SystemsSystems Operating SystemOperating System UtilitiesUtilities
SOFTWARE – SOFTWARE – INTELLECTUAL INTERFACEINTELLECTUAL INTERFACE Personal productivity softwarePersonal productivity software – –
helps you perform personal taskshelps you perform personal tasks Writing memos (word processing)Writing memos (word processing) Creating graphs (spreadsheet)Creating graphs (spreadsheet) Creating slide presentations Creating slide presentations
(presentation)(presentation) Software suiteSoftware suite – several – several
applications bundled together applications bundled together (usually productivity software) (usually productivity software)
Vertical & Horizontal Market Vertical & Horizontal Market SoftwareSoftware
Vertical market software – Vertical market software – application software for a specific application software for a specific industryindustry Patient-scheduling softwarePatient-scheduling software Restaurant management softwareRestaurant management software
Horizontal market softwareHorizontal market software – – application software suitable for use application software suitable for use in many industriesin many industries Payroll, inventory, and billing Payroll, inventory, and billing
System SoftwareSystem Software Operating system software Operating system software
Microsoft Windows 7Microsoft Windows 7 – Microsoft’s – Microsoft’s latest personal computer operating systemlatest personal computer operating system
Microsoft Windows VistaMicrosoft Windows Vista – predecessor – predecessor to 7 to 7
Microsoft Windows XP HomeMicrosoft Windows XP Home – – predecessor to Vistapredecessor to Vista
Microsoft Windows XP ProMicrosoft Windows XP Pro – – predecessor to Vistapredecessor to Vista
Mac OS Mac OS – – Operating system for MacsOperating system for Macs Linux Linux – powerful open-source operating – powerful open-source operating
system system
Utility SoftwareUtility Software
Utility Software – Utility Software – adds functionality to adds functionality to operating system softwareoperating system software Anti-virus softwareAnti-virus software – detects and – detects and
removes or quarantines computer virusesremoves or quarantines computer viruses Crash-proof softwareCrash-proof software – helps save – helps save
information if your system crashesinformation if your system crashes Uninstaller softwareUninstaller software – removes software – removes software
from your hard disk from your hard disk Disk optimization software Disk optimization software – organizes – organizes
information on your hard diskinformation on your hard disk Spam blocker Spam blocker – filters unwanted e-mail– filters unwanted e-mail