cs100 lec 2 (hardware system unit and memory)

8/8/2019 CS100 Lec 2 (Hardware System Unit and Memory)

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3 Fundamental Elements of a

Computer Work like a

team to

completetasks

1. System Unit

2. Output Devices

3. Input Devices


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System Unit

The core of a computer responsible for

processing and storing data and controls

all computer functions It is where data are processed into

information

It works with peripheral devices


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System Unit

System Case a plastic and metal box that houses components such as

the motherboard, disk drives, power supply and etc. System Case Types

1. Desktop designed to sit horizontally

2. Tower designed to sit vertically

a. Full-tower case

- used for PC servers

- requires extra space for additional hard disks,interface cards and redundant power supply

b. Midi-tower case

- usually used for high-end user PCs

-require extra devices and interface cards but not as

many as a serverc. Mini-tower case

- used for office or home PCs

- where additional internal devices and interface cards are

limited


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FULL TOWER

MIDI TOWER

MINI TOWER


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Storage Devices (Memory) : 2 types of memory

- Main / Primary

- Secondary

Main / Primary / RAM

Closely connected

to the processor

Quickly and easily

change, volatile

Holds the programs

and data that the

processor is actively

working with

Interacts with theprocessor millions

of times per second

Types of RAM

1. Dynamic RAM (DRAM) constantly

refreshed by the CPU or it will lose its

contents

2. Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM) synchronous by the system clock and is

much faster than DRAM

3. Static RAM (SRAM) faster than any

DRAM and will retain its contents w/o

having to be refreshed by the CPU4. Rambus DRAM faster and more

expensive than SDRAM and is the type

of memory used with Intels P4 chip


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DYNAMIC RAM

SDRAM


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RAMBUS DRAM SRAM


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Secondary

Slow compared tomain memory

Used for long-term

storage of programs

and data, non-volatile

Ex.

Floppy disk

ZIP Disk SuperDisks

HiFD Disk

Flash Disk

Memory Card

Hard disk

Optical disk

Magnetic tape


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Secondary Storage

1. Floppy Disk (1.44 MB) also called as diskette or disk, is a

removable flat piece of mylar plastic package in a 3.5-inchplastic case.

8 floppy disk (large floppy)

5 floppy disk (minifloppy)

31/2 floppy disk (micro floppy)

2. ZIP Disk (100 to 250 MB) special disks that uses their ownZIP disk drive.

3. SuperDisks (120 MB) uses a SuperDisk Drive and can alsoread standard 1.44 MB floppy disk, which a ZIP drive cannotdo.

4. HiFD Disk (200 MB) uses a HiFD drive and can also readstandard 1.44 MB floppy disk.

5. Flash Disk (128 MB to 8GB) uses the USB

6. Memory Card (16 MB 2GB) used in cameras, cellphones


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8, 5.25, 3.5 floppy disks

8, 5.25, 3.5 floppy disk drives


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ZIP DISK

SuperDISK

HiFD DISK


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FLASH DISK MEMORY CARD


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Hard Disk

are made up of thin but rigid metal platters covered

with a substance that allows data to be held in theform of magnetized spots.

Nonremovable hard disk also known as fixed disk, ishoused in a microcomputer system unit and is used to

store nearly all programs and most data files.

Removable hard disk or hard disk cartridges, consist ofone or two platters enclosed along with read/write headsin a hard plastic case, which is inserted into a

microcomputers cartridge drive


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REMOVABLE HARD DISK

NONREMOVABLE HARD DISK


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ptical Disk

A removable disk, usually 4.75 in diameter and less than 1/20 of aninch thick, on which data is written and read through the use of laserbeams.

Compact Disk Read Only Memory (CD-ROM) can hold up to 650 MB of300,000 pages of text

Compact Disk-recordable (CD-R) can be written to only once but can beread many times

Compact Disk-rewritable (CD-RW) also known as erasable optical disk

Digital Versatile disk or digital video disk, with read only memory (DVD-ROM) a CD-style disk with extremely high capacity, able to store 4.7 17GB

Universal Media Disk (UMD) The disc is only two and a half inches wideand weighs only .35 ounces but it still has plenty of space for material withits 1.8 gigabyte capacity.


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CD-ROM /

CD-ROM

DRIVE

CD-R

CD-RW

DVD-ROM

UMD


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Magnetic Tape A thin plastic tape made up of mylar film

coated with iron oxide that can be

magnetized.


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Other Memories used in the computer

Read Only Memory Basic

Input Output System

(ROM BIOS) A chip that provides the

industry's standard programcode that operates thefundamental components ofthe PC

The routines that allow thesetup configuration of a PC

The Power-on Self Test(POST) diagnostic tests for thePC

Complimentary Metal-OxideSemiconductor Random

Access memory Stores the configuration of the

PC (password, disk types,amount of memory installed,current time and date). Thisprevents the need for reconfiguration when poweringon a PC


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CMOS RAM

ROM BIOS

cs100 lec 2 (hardware system unit and memory)

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