cs110_11_datainformationknowledgeunderstandingwisdom

7/28/2019 CS110_11_DataInformationKnowledgeUnderstandingWisdom

1/10


2/10

Overview

Data is just symbols

Information is data that are processed

to be useful; provides answers to

"who", "what", "where", and "when"questions

Knowledge is application of data and

information; answers "how" questions

Understanding is appreciation of why.

Wisdom is an evaluated understanding


3/10

Data

Data is raw. It simply exists and has no

significance beyond its existence (in

and of itself). It can exist in any form,

usable or not. It does not have

meaning of itself.

In computer parlance, a spreadsheet

generally starts out by holding data.


4/10

Information

Information is data that has been given

meaning by way of relational

connection. This "meaning" can be

useful, but does not have to be.

In computer parlance, a relational

database makes information from the

data stored within it.


5/10

Knowledge

Knowledge is the appropriate

collection of information, such that it's

intent is to be useful.

Summaries of information in a

database for example. Or modeling

and simulation tools exercise some

type of stored knowledge.


6/10

Understanding

The difference between knowledge andunderstanding is the difference between

"memorizing" and "learning.

Understanding is an interpolative and probabilistic

process. It is cognitive and analytical.

People who have understanding can undertake

useful actions because they can synthesize new

knowledge, or in some cases, at least new

information, from what is previously known (and

understood).

In computer parlance, AI systems possess

understanding.


7/10

Wisdom

Wisdom is an extrapolative and non-

deterministic, non-probabilistic process. It

calls upon special types of human

programming (moral, ethical codes, etc.). Unlike the previous four levels, it asks

questions to which there is no (easily-

achievable) answer, and in some cases, to

which there can be no humanly-knownanswer period. i.e. judge between right and

wrong, good and bad.

Humans only possess wisdom.


8/10

CS Example

A collection of student data

Data

Information

Knowledge

Understanding

Wisdom


9/10

Data Organization

Unique characteristic (IDs)

Time

Location

Many Abstractions are used

Lists

Stacks Queues

Trees

Graphs


10/10

New Data Challenges/Opportunities Big data

Unstructured data

social networking multimedia

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