csc1100 - chapter06 - operating system & utility programs

Discovering Computers 2008

Chapter 6 Chapter 6 Chapter 6 Chapter 6 Chapter 6 Chapter 6 Chapter 6 Chapter 6

Operating Operating Operating Operating

Systems and Systems and Systems and Systems and

Utility ProgramsUtility ProgramsUtility ProgramsUtility Programs

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Chapter 6 ObjectivesChapter 6 ObjectivesChapter 6 ObjectivesChapter 6 Objectives

Identify the types of system softwareIdentify the types of system software

Summarize the startup processon a personal computer

Summarize the startup processon a personal computer

Summarize the features of several stand-alone operating systems

Summarize the features of several stand-alone operating systems

Identify various network operating systemsIdentify various network operating systems

Discuss ways that some operating systems help administrators control a

network and administer security

Discuss ways that some operating systems help administrators control a

network and administer security

Explain the purpose of the utilities included with most operating systems

Explain the purpose of the utilities included with most operating systems

Identify devices that use several embedded operating systems

Identify devices that use several embedded operating systems

Explain the purpose of severalstand-alone utility programs

Explain the purpose of severalstand-alone utility programs

Describe the functions of an operating systemDescribe the functions of an operating system

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System SoftwareSystem SoftwareSystem SoftwareSystem Software

What is system software?

Operating system (OS)Operating system (OS)

Programs that control Programs that control or or maintain operation maintain operation

of computer & its devicesof computer & its devices

Two types are Two types are operating systems operating systems

and utility programsand utility programs

Operating system (OS)Operating system (OS)(sometimes called the (sometimes called the platformplatform) )

a set of a set of programsprogramscontaining containing instructionsinstructionsthat that coordinates coordinates

all activitiesall activitiesamong computer among computer hardware resourceshardware resources When purchase a

PC, it usually has system software on

its h/d

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Operating SystemsOperating SystemsOperating SystemsOperating Systems

What are the functions of an operating system?Most OSs perform similar functions:

start the computer provide a user interfacemanage programs

administer security manage

memory

monitor performance

control a network

provide file management and other utilities

establish an Internet connection schedule jobs and

configure devices

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Mostly OS installed & resides in computer h/d

Handheld computers & mobile devices – OS resides on a ROM chip

Different size computers use different Different size computers use different operating systems.

Some computers can run multiple OS

When purchasing an application software, user must ensure that it works with the OS installed in the computer

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What is a cross-platform application?

Application

� Runs the same on multiple operating systems

Operating System/Platform A

Operating System/Platform B

Operating System/Platform C

Operating System/Platform D

Application

7Operating System Functions Operating System Functions Operating System Functions Operating System Functions

1) Starting a Computer

What is booting?

� Cold boot Turning oncomputer that has been powered off

� Warm boot Restarting

� Process of starting or restarting a computer

� Warm boot Restartingcomputer that is powered on� Does not save any unsaved work

� Installation/upgrade new sw

� No response, push reset button

� Still no response, push power button – does not properly close running processes & programs

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BootingBootingBootingBooting

Each time boot computer, the kernel and other frequently used OS instructionsare loaded/copied into computer’s memory (RAM).

Kernel�the core of an OS that manages

� memory & devices, maintains the computer’s clock, � memory & devices, maintains the computer’s clock, � starts application, and � assigns the computer’s resources (devices, programs,

data & information)

�is memory resident– it remains in memory while computer is running�other parts of OS are nonresident– these instructions remain on h/d until they are needed.

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Operating System FunctionsOperating System FunctionsOperating System FunctionsOperating System Functions

How does a personal computer boot up?

Step 1. Power supply sends signal to components in system unit

Step 4. Results of POST are compared with data in CMOS chip

Step 5. BIOS looks for system files on a USB flash drive or

Step 2. Processor accesses BIOS to start computer

Step 3. BIOS runs tests, called the POST, to check components such as mouse, keyboard, and adapter cards

files on a USB flash drive or CD/DVD drive, and then drive C (hard disk)

Step 6. Kernel (core) of operating system loads into RAM

Step 7. Operating system loads configuration information and displays desktop on screen

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What is a boot disk?� Contains system files that will start computer when

computer cannot boot� Contains few system files that will start the computer

� Also called recovery disk

� Used when h/d becomes damaged & computer cannot boot � Used when h/d becomes damaged & computer cannot boot from h/d

� Boot disk in CD form usually included when purchasing a computer

� Windows Vista installation disk itself is a boot disk

11Operating System FunctionsOperating System FunctionsOperating System FunctionsOperating System Functions

2) Providing a User Interface

What is a user interface?� Controls how you enter data and instructionsand how

information displays on screen

Command-line interface: for advanced users to configure devices, troubleshoot network connections,… using command language

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What is a graphical user interface (GUI)?

� User interacts with menus and visual imagessuch as buttons and other graphical objects� Basic Interface

Windows Aero Interface� Windows Aero Interface


3) Managing Programs

What is single user/ multitasking?

� Working on two or more programs that reside in memory at same time

� Programs can run concurrently� Foregroundcontains program

you are using

� Backgroundcontains programs that are running but are not in use

concurrently

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Single user/single taskingOS:

� One user runs one program at a time

� Used by PDAs, smart phones & other small computing devices

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Enables two or


What are other program management features of operating systems?

Can support two

Prevent a process from monopolizing

the computer

Has duplicate components such as processors, memory,

and disk drives

Enables two or more users to run programs simultaneously

Continues to operate when one of its components

fails

Can support two or more processorsrunning programs

at same time

resourcesOS interrupts a prg which is executing & passes control to

another prg waiting to be executed.

ADV: OS regains control is one prg stops operating properly


4) Managing Memory

What is memory management?� Optimizing use of random access memory (RAM)� With virtual memory (VM) , portion of hard disk is

allocated to function as RAM

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Virtual MemoryVirtual MemoryVirtual MemoryVirtual Memory

If multiple programrunning simultaneously – it is possible to run out of RAM

E.g.: (OS) 512MB+ (antivirus prg) 256MB+ (Web browser) 128MB+ (buss. sw. suite) 512MB+ (photo browser) 128MB+ (buss. sw. suite) 512MB+ (photo editing prg) 256MB = 1664MBor RAM required.

If computer has only 512MB of RAM (physical RAM), OS need virtual memory to solve this problem� OS allocates a portion of a storage medium (h/d –swap

file) to function as additional RAM (computer may slow down)

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Virtual MemoryVirtual MemoryVirtual MemoryVirtual Memory

� Swap file: h/d area used for virtual memory (swap items btw memory & storage)

� Page= the amount of data & prg instructions that can swap at a time

� Paging= technique of swapping items btw memory & � Paging= technique of swapping items btw memory & storage – time consuming

� Trashing = happens when OS spends much time for paging instead of executing application software (when web browser stop responding & h/d LED blinks – OS is thrashing)


5) Scheduling Jobs

How does an operating system schedule jobs?

Sending Sending information information

Receiving data Receiving data

Adjusts schedule based on

job’s priority

Transferring items Transferring items between storage between storage

and memoryand memory

information information to output deviceto output device

Processing Processing instructionsinstructions

Receiving data Receiving data from input devicefrom input device

A A jobjob is is operationoperationthe processor managesthe processor manages

A segment of memory/storage

– items placed while waiting to be transferred from

input or to output device

bufferbuffer

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What is spooling?� (OS) Sending print jobs to buffer instead of

directly to printer� Print jobs line up in queue


6) Configuring Devices

What is a device driver?

Device Device Program that Program that

tells operating system tells operating system With With Plug and PlayPlug and Play, ,

operating system operating system Device Device DriverDriver

tells operating system tells operating system how to communicate how to communicate

with devicewith device

operating system operating system automatically automatically configures new configures new

devices as you install devices as you install themthem

Also called Also called driverdriver

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How do you install a device driver?

Step 1. Open Control Step 2. Click the Hardware

Step 3. Click the Scanners and Cameras

Step 4. Click the Add Device button to start

Step 1. Open Control Panel window. Point to Hardware and Sound link.

Step 2. Click the Hardware and Sound link to display the Hardware and Sound options. Point to the Scanners and Cameras link.

Scanners and Cameras link to display the Scanners and Cameras dialog box. Point to the Add Device button.

Device button to start the Scanner and Camera Installation Wizard. Point to the Next button.

Step 5. Click the Next button to proceed with the wizard. Select the correct manufacturer and model of scanner or camera. Follow the on-screen instructions to complete installation of the necessary driver files for the selected device.


7) Establishing an Internet Connection

How do you establish an Internet connection?� Windows Vista includes

Connect to a network wizard� Guides user through setting

up connection between up connection between computer and Internet service provider


8) Monitoring Performance

How does an operating system monitor performance?� Provides program, called performance monitor,

that assesses and reports information about system resources and devices


9) Controlling Network

What is a network operating system?� Allows users to share resources on a

network� Administers security

by establishing user nameand passwordfor nameand passwordfor each user


10) Administering Security

Network administrators use network OS to establish permissions to the users to be able to access resources

� Use account (user name/user ID & password) – enables a user to access or log on to a computer or a network

� The OS records successful & unsuccessful logon attempts in a file – monitor computer usagein a file – monitor computer usage

� Encryption– the process of encoding data& information into an unreadable form � Especially as it travels over the network to prevent

unauthorized users from reading the data� Encrypted items automatically decryptedinto readable

form when an authorized reader attempts to read them

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Operating System Utility ProgramsOperating System Utility ProgramsOperating System Utility ProgramsOperating System Utility Programs

What is a utility program ?� System software that performs

maintenance-type tasks� Also called

utility

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What is a file manager?� Performs functions related to file management

� Image viewerdisplays, copies, & prints contents of graphics filefile� User can see image

without having to open them in paint/ image editing program

Window Vista Window Vista –– Window Photo GalleryWindow Photo Gallery

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What is a personal firewall?� Detects and protects a personal computer from

unauthorized intrusions� Especially for broadband Internet connection� Constantly monitors all transmissions to &

from a computerfrom a computer� Windows Vista

automatically enables the built-in personal firewall upon installation

Someone who tries to access a computer or network illegally

hackerhacker

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What is an uninstaller?

In Windows Vista, In Windows Vista, uninstaller is available through uninstaller is available through

the Uninstall a program command the Uninstall a program command in the in the Control PanelControl Panel

Removes a Removes a program and program and

all associated filesall associated files

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What is a disk scanner?� Searches for and removes

unnecessary files such as temporary files

� Windows Vista includes Disk CleanupDisk Cleanup

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What is a disk defragmenter?� Reorganizes files and unused space on hard disk so

programs run faster

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Disk DefragmenterDisk DefragmenterDisk DefragmenterDisk Defragmenter

� When OS stores a file on a disk it places the file in the � When OS stores a file on a disk it places the file in the first available sector on disk

� It attempts to place it in contiguous sectors, but not always possible

� File contents are scattered across two or more non-contiguous sectors– file is fragmented –

� Fragmentation slows down disk access & overall computer performance

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Disk DefragmenterDisk DefragmenterDisk DefragmenterDisk Defragmenter

� Defragmenting the disk, or reorganizing itso the files are stored in contiguous sectors, solve this problem

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What is a diagnostic utility?� Compiles technical information about hardware and

some software� Prepares report outlining problems� Information in the report assists technical support

staff in remedying any problemsstaff in remedying any problems� Windows Vista includes Problem Reports and

Solutions� Diagnoses problems as well as suggests courses of

action

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What is a backup utility ?� Copies selected files or entire hard disk onto

another storage medium

� Most compress filesduring backup to require less storage require less storage space

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What is a screen saver?� Causes monitor’s screen to display moving

image or blank screen if there is no activity for a specified time

� To secure computer, user configures screen user configures screen saver to require password to deactivate

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Device-dependentRuns only on

Types of Operating SystemsTypes of Operating SystemsTypes of Operating SystemsTypes of Operating Systems

What are some characteristics of operating systems?

Proprietary software

Privately ownedand limited to specific

Device-independentRuns on many Runs only on

specific type of computer

Downward compatible

Works with application software written for earlier version of OS

Upward compatible

Runs on new versions of OS

limited to specific vendor/computer

model

Runs on many manufacturers’

computers

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Types of Operating SystemsTypes of Operating SystemsTypes of Operating SystemsTypes of Operating Systems

What are three categories of operating systems?

EEMMBBEE

NNEETT

WW

S T A N D S T A N D –– A L O N EA L O N E

DDDDEEDD

WWOORRKK

Windows XP, Vista, Mac OS X, UNIX & Linux

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StandStandStandStand----Alone Operating SystemsAlone Operating SystemsAlone Operating SystemsAlone Operating Systems

How do Windowsversions compare?

Windows Version Year Released

Windows 3.x 1990

Windows NT 3.1 1993

Windows 95 1995

Windows NT Workstation 4.0 1996

Windows 98 1998

Windows Millennium Edition 2000

Windows 2000 Professional 2000

Windows XP 2001

Windows XP SP2 2004

Windows Vista 2006

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� Fast, reliable Windows operating system


What is Windows XP?

� Available in five editions: Home Edition, Professional Edition, Professional Edition, Tablet PC Edition,Media Center Edition,and 64-bit Edition� For power users

working with workstations that use 64-bit processors

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� Successor to Windows XP, containing a new interface and new / enhanced features


What is Windows Vista?

� Available in several editions, grouped into Home and Business Home and Business categories

� More reliable, efficient, quicker application starter, better security, enhanced searching,…

512 MB RAM for Vista Basic,1GB RAM &

128MB video/graphic memory for V Premium, Ultimate,

Business, Enterprise

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Windows Vista Features

Reliability and Performance

Security

Information Management


What are some features of Windows Vista?

Information Management

Appearance and Navigation

Communications and the Internet

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What is Mac OS X?� Available only for computers

manufactured by Apple� Macintosh operating

system has been model for most GUIsmodel for most GUIs

� Has large photo-quality icons, built-in networking support, enhanced speech recognition & multimedia capabilities

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What is UNIX ?� Created in early 1970s� Used by power users because of its flexibility

and power� Suitable for PC & workstations� Most versions offer GUI, � Most versions offer GUI,

others in command-line� Available for computers

of all sizes

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What is Linux ?� Popular, free, multitasking UNIX-type operating system� Open-source software

� code is available to public� Code provided for usage, modification &

redistributionredistribution� Has no restrictions from copyright holder

� Available in GUI & command-line interfaces� Include many free prg. languages & utility programs� Famous GUIs: GNOME & KDE� Both a stand-alone & a network operating system

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LinuxLinuxLinuxLinux

2 ADV: � users share OS software improvements with others

� Customers can personalize the software to meet their needs

Red Hat provides a version of Linux called Red Hat Enterprise Linux.

needs

Bootable OS:� Live CD or Live USB

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Network Operating SystemsNetwork Operating SystemsNetwork Operating SystemsNetwork Operating Systems

What are examples of network operating systems?

NetWareNetWare

Designed for Designed for client/server client/server

networksnetworks

Windows Windows UNIX / LinuxUNIX / LinuxWindows Windows Server 2003Server 2003

Upgrade to Windows Upgrade to Windows 2000 Server2000 Server

UNIX / LinuxUNIX / Linux

MultiMulti--purposepurposeOSOS

SolarisSolaris

�� Version of Version of UNIX UNIX developed by Sun developed by Sun

MicrosystemsMicrosystems

�� Specifically for Specifically for ee--commerce commerce applicationsapplications

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Embedded Operating SystemsEmbedded Operating SystemsEmbedded Operating SystemsEmbedded Operating Systems

What is an embedded operating system?� Found on most PDAs and

small devices� Windows CE is

scaled-down version of WindowsWindows

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What are three operating systems for mobile devices?� Windows Mobile for PDAs, called Pocket PC & smart

phones� Palm OSfor PDAs & smart phones� Blackberry for handheld devices supplied by RIM

(Research in Motion)(Research in Motion)

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What is Embedded Linux?� Scaled-down Linux operating system

designed for PDAs, smart phones,smart watches, set-top boxes,Internet telephones, and otherdevicesdevices

� Offers many PIM functions

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What is Symbian OS?� Open-source, multitasking operating system

designed for smart phones� Make telephone calls,

save appointments, browse Web, send browse Web, send and receive e-mail and faxes, and more

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StandStandStandStand----Alone Utility ProgramsAlone Utility ProgramsAlone Utility ProgramsAlone Utility Programs

What is a virus?� Potentially damaging computer program� Affects computer without user’s knowledge

• An unusual message or image is displayed on the computer screen

SIGNS OF SIGNS OF VIRUS VIRUS

INFECTIONINFECTION

computer screen• An unusual sound or music plays randomly• The available memory is less than what should be available• A program or file suddenly is missing• An unknown program or file mysteriously appears• The size of a file changes without explanation• A file becomes corrupted• A program or file does not work properly• System properties change

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What is an antivirus program?� Identifies and removes viruses in memory, storage

media, and incoming files� Must be updated frequently

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What is spyware?� Program placed on a computer without the user’s

knowledge that secretly collects information about the user

� Often enters a computer as a result of a user installing a new programa new program

� A spyware removeris a program that detects and deletes spyware

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What are internet filters?� Programs that remove or block certain items from

being displayed

Filtering prg Restrict access to

Pop-upBlockers

Anti-SpamPrograms

WebFilters

removes spam bfr reaching inbox

Restrict access to certain materials on Web, that uses certain words or phrases

Stops pop-up advertisements appearing in new window in the foreground of a Web page displayed in browser

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What is a file compression utility?� Shrinks size of files to free up room and improve

performance� Compressed files are sometimes called zipped files� Two popular utilities:

PKZIP and WinZipPKZIP and WinZip

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What is a media player?� Allows you to view

images and animation, listen to audio, and watch video files on your computeryour computer

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What is CD/DVD burning software?� Writes text, graphics,

audio, and video files to a recordable or rewriteable CD or DVD

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What is a personal computer maintenance utility?� Identifies and fixes operating system problems and

disk problems� Some continuously monitor

computer to identify problems before they occur & even before they occur & even fix them immediately

� Note: diagnostic utility does not repair the problems it found

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Summary of Operating Systems and Utility ProgramsSummary of Operating Systems and Utility ProgramsSummary of Operating Systems and Utility ProgramsSummary of Operating Systems and Utility Programs

Define an operating systemDefine an operating system

Discuss the functions common to most operating systems

Discuss the functions common to most operating systems

Discuss a variety of stand-alone operating systems, network operating systems,

and embedded operating systems

Discuss a variety of stand-alone operating systems, network operating systems,

and embedded operating systems

Chapter 6 Complete

most operating systemsmost operating systems

Introduce several utility programs commonly found in operating systems

Introduce several utility programs commonly found in operating systems

Describe several stand-alone utility programs

Describe several stand-alone utility programs

csc1100 - chapter06 - operating system & utility programs

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