CSCW research examples:CSCW research examples:From ethnographic From ethnographic studies to working studies to working prototypesprototypes

John C. TangJohn C. Tang

October 30, 2007October 30, 2007

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Research: Using video Research: Using video to support to support collaborationcollaboration My research focuses on My research focuses on

supporting collaboration (CSCW)supporting collaboration (CSCW) Uses ethnographic studies for Uses ethnographic studies for

need-findingneed-finding Example of design process, Example of design process,

differences from popular trendsdifferences from popular trendsNEEDS

DESIGN

IMPLEMENTEVALUATE

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Popular: High Popular: High ffidelity idelity vvideo ideo cconferencingonferencing• Cisco TelepresenCisco Telepresencece• HP Halo HP Halo • Polycom Real Presence ExperiencePolycom Real Presence Experience

High fidelity video and audioHigh fidelity video and audio

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Cisco TelepresenceCisco Telepresence

• Target audience: CTarget audience: Company Executivesompany Executives• Rules of TelepresenceRules of Telepresence

• Present far end participants life sizePresent far end participants life size• Provide virtual eye contactProvide virtual eye contact• Do not pollute visual display with Do not pollute visual display with

distractionsdistractions

Are these the main needs for successful Are these the main needs for successful everyday collaboration?everyday collaboration?

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Popular: iChat AV Popular: iChat AV desktop video desktop video conferencingconferencing

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Apple iChat AVApple iChat AV

Integrated into all Macintosh Integrated into all Macintosh computerscomputers

Very easy to useVery easy to use Attractive graphical presentationAttractive graphical presentation

Are these the main needs for Are these the main needs for successful everyday collaboration?successful everyday collaboration?

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AwareAwareness cues for ness cues for remote collaborationremote collaboration

• Hard part is Hard part is socialsocial problem problem • Gracefully sharing a workspaceGracefully sharing a workspace

• Cues for negotiating interaction lost Cues for negotiating interaction lost among remote collaborators (i.e., phone)among remote collaborators (i.e., phone)

• Review Review research prototypes for remote research prototypes for remote collaborationcollaboration• VideoDrawVideoDraw

• VideoWhiteboardVideoWhiteboard

Innovation in mediated support for Innovation in mediated support for collaborationcollaboration

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EthnographyEthnography

Branch of anthropology that deals Branch of anthropology that deals with the scientific description of with the scientific description of specific human culturesspecific human cultures

Typically applied to study of Typically applied to study of foreign culturesforeign cultures

More recently applied to work More recently applied to work cultures or simply users of cultures or simply users of technologytechnology

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Ethnographic studies Ethnographic studies of collaboration of collaboration activityactivity Studying pairs and teams of Studying pairs and teams of

people working togetherpeople working together

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Shared drawing Shared drawing exampleexample

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Shared workspaceShared workspace

• Creating an engaging, interactive shared Creating an engaging, interactive shared workspace among remote collaboratorsworkspace among remote collaborators

• Sharing awareness cues that enable Sharing awareness cues that enable collaborators to negotiatecollaborators to negotiate– Graceful turn-takingGraceful turn-taking– Gestures with respect to drawingsGestures with respect to drawings– Showing the process of creating drawingsShowing the process of creating drawings– Sharing spaceSharing space– Building on each others’ workBuilding on each others’ work

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VideoDraw shared VideoDraw shared drawing spacedrawing space• Based on empirical studies of teams Based on empirical studies of teams

engaged in conceptual designengaged in conceptual design• Series of video-based prototypes for Series of video-based prototypes for

creating a shared drawing surfacecreating a shared drawing surface– Table-sized VideoDrawTable-sized VideoDraw– Whiteboard-sized VideoWhiteboardWhiteboard-sized VideoWhiteboard

• Built in a Media Space environmentBuilt in a Media Space environment

Xerox PARCXerox PARC

Scott Minneman and Media Space teamScott Minneman and Media Space team

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VideoDraw SchematicVideoDraw Schematic

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VideoDraw (video)VideoDraw (video)

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VideoDraw circa 2007VideoDraw circa 2007

• Recently announced Microsoft Recently announced Microsoft SurfaceSurface

• Research prototype applicationResearch prototype applicationhttp://www.popularmechanics.com/blogs/technology_news/http://www.popularmechanics.com/blogs/technology_news/

4213259.html4213259.html

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VideoWhiteboard VideoWhiteboard SchematicSchematic

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VideoWhiteboard VideoWhiteboard demodemo

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Ethnography in HCI Ethnography in HCI designdesign Identifying user needs Identifying user needs

– Sharing workspaceSharing workspace Design implications for innovative Design implications for innovative

technologytechnology

Enabling doing new things Enabling doing new things in familiar ways in familiar ways

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For more informationFor more information

Tang, John C. and Scott L. Minneman, Tang, John C. and Scott L. Minneman, "VideoDraw: A Video Interface for Collaborative "VideoDraw: A Video Interface for Collaborative Drawing", Drawing", ACM Transactions on Information ACM Transactions on Information SystemsSystems, Vol. 9, No. 2, April 1991, pp. 170-184., Vol. 9, No. 2, April 1991, pp. 170-184.

Tang, John C. and Scott L. Minneman, Tang, John C. and Scott L. Minneman, "VideoWhiteboard: Video Shadows to Support "VideoWhiteboard: Video Shadows to Support Remote Collaboration", Remote Collaboration", CHI '91CHI '91, 1991, pp. 315-, 1991, pp. 315-322.322.

Tang, John C. and Scott L. Minneman, Tang, John C. and Scott L. Minneman, "VideoDraw: A Video Interface for Collaborative "VideoDraw: A Video Interface for Collaborative Drawing", Drawing", CHI '90CHI '90, Seattle, WA, 1990, pp. 313-, Seattle, WA, 1990, pp. 313-320.320.

2020

Group project Group project assignmentassignment Checkpoint now due Nov. 7Checkpoint now due Nov. 7

– Sign up for 15-minute block from 12:00-Sign up for 15-minute block from 12:00-3:00 on Nov. 7 (Soda 405)3:00 on Nov. 7 (Soda 405)

– Email Email btsao@berkeley.edubtsao@berkeley.edu with 3-top with 3-top choices of 15-minute block by Thursday, choices of 15-minute block by Thursday, Nov. 1 (he will publish schedule)Nov. 1 (he will publish schedule)

– Prepare 10-minute demo of at least 2 Prepare 10-minute demo of at least 2 featuresfeatures

– Your opportunity to get feedback from usYour opportunity to get feedback from us Public demo sesssion still Nov. 13Public demo sesssion still Nov. 13

– Prepare poster by 5:00pm Sunday, Nov. 11Prepare poster by 5:00pm Sunday, Nov. 11